Submitted by CARLOS HUGO CORONADO VILLALOBOS (c_h_c_v_22@hotmail.com) on 2017-04-03T19:43:47Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese-Doutorado-final.pdf: 867658 bytes, checksum: bf510d7b44f1aa75cd8f00c2a6dbc943 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luiz Galeffi (luizgaleffi@gmail.com) on 2017-04-11T20:35:11Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 coronadovillalobos_ch_dr_guara.pdf: 867658 bytes, checksum: bf510d7b44f1aa75cd8f00c2a6dbc943 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T20:35:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 coronadovillalobos_ch_dr_guara.pdf: 867658 bytes, checksum: bf510d7b44f1aa75cd8f00c2a6dbc943 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-03 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Na presente tese abordaremos quatro tópicos importantes: espinores, covariantes bilineares, classificação de Lounesto e o teorema da inversão. Apresentamos a construção de covariantes bilineares para o espinor Elko e mostraremos a necessidade da deformação dos elementos da base da álgebra de Clifford com a finalidade de que as identidades de Fierz-Pauli-Kofink sejam satisfeitas. Estudamos também os ingredientes principais da classificação de espinores elaborada por Lounesto. Por último, construiremos três novas classes de espinores via o teorema da inversão a partir da premissa que o covariante bilinear $J_{\mu}$ seja nulo. Como consequência desta consideração esses novos espinores não possuem a dinâmica de Dirac, haja visto que $J_{\mu}$ na teoria de Dirac representa a corrente conservada. O surgimento de apenas três novas classes de espinores é uma consequência direta da imposição de que as identidades de Fierz-Pauli-Kofink sejam satisfeitas. / The present thesis covers four important topics: spinors, bilinear covariants, Lounesto's classification and the inversion theorem. We show and explicit the construction of bilinear covariants for the Elko spinors and the necessity of deformation of the Clifford algebra basis elements in order to satisfy the Fierz-Pauli-Kofink identities. We also study the main ingredients of the classification of spinors elaborated by Lounesto. Finally, we construct three new classes of spinors via the inversion theorem from the premise that the bilinear covariant $J_{\mu}$ is null. As a consequence, these new spinors do not have usual dynamics of Dirac, have seen that $J_{\mu}$ in Dirac's theory represents the conserved current. The emergence of only three new classes of spinors is a direct consequence of the requeriment that Fierz-Pauli-Kofink's identities must hold.

La lumière que l’on reçoit du fond diffus cosmologique est décalée vers le rouge par les puits gravitationnels causés par la matière contenu dans les différentes régions de l’espace que la lumière traverse. Cet effet se nomme l’effet Sachs-Wolfe intégrée. Dans ce projet de maîtrise, nous avons calculé le terme de collision qui est dû à l’intéraction entre les photons émis par le fond diffus cosmologique et les fluctuations de densité. Ce terme vient modifier la distribution d’énergie des photons que l’on reçoit. Ce calcul est effectué en utilisant l’action de Fierz-Pauli pour trouver la section efficace de cette collision. Ce qui est nouveau dans notre démarche c’est que l’on suppose que les fluctuations de densité de l’univers entraînent un écrantage du champ gravitationnel ce qui induit une masse de Debye au graviton que l’on calcule. On utilise ensuite la théorie quantique des champs pour obtenir un terme de collision à ajouter à l’équation de Boltzmann qui dicte comment la distribution d’énergie des photons évolue. / The light we receive from the Cosmic Microwave Background is redshifted by the gravitational potential caused by the mass of the objects it meets on its way toward us. This effect is called the integrated Sachs-Wolfe effect. In this master’s thesis, we calculate a collision term between the photons and a massive scalar particle which will affect the energy distribution of the photons we observe. This calculation is made using the Fierz-Pauli action to find the cross section of this collision. What is new in our approach is that we assume that the density variation of the universe induces a shielding of the gravitational field which results in a Debye mass of the graviton. We calculate what this mass term is and we then use quantum field theory to obtain a collision term to be added to the Boltzmann equation governing how the energy distribution of photons evolves.

Submitted by Douglas Benndorf Rodrigues null (dbenndorf@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-01-17T06:06:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 HamiltVincSpin2_V7.pdf: 644680 bytes, checksum: 7826f04e2072b12f1597892b97b67791 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-01-20T13:54:02Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_db_me_guara.pdf: 644680 bytes, checksum: 7826f04e2072b12f1597892b97b67791 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-20T13:54:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rodrigues_db_me_guara.pdf: 644680 bytes, checksum: 7826f04e2072b12f1597892b97b67791 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-19 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho abordamos de forma introdutória o tratamento de sistemas singulares, em especial as teorias de Maxwell, Proca e Fierz-Pauli, e obtemos resultados originais para a família de modelos de spin-2 massivos do tipo não-Fierz-Pauli. Tendo como ferramenta principal o método de Dirac para sistemas vinculados, escrevemos a densidade de hamiltoniana primária do modelo LnF P , obtemos seus vínculos primários, secundários, terciários e quartenários, assim como os multiplicadores de Lagrange. Calculamos também o número de graus de liberdade independentes e mostramos a positividade da hamiltoniana reduzida. / In this work, we approach in an introductory way the treatment of singular systems, especially the theories of Maxwell, Proca and Fierz-Pauli, and obtain original results for the non-Fierz-Pauli family of massive spin-2 models. Having as main tool the Dirac method for constrained systems, we write the primary Hamiltonian density of the LnF P model, obtain their primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary constraints, as well as Lagrange multipliers. We calculate the number of independent degrees of freedom of the model and demonstrate the positivity of the reduced Hamiltonian.

Die vorliegende Arbeit behandelt die Modellierung einer Quantenpunkt-LED und die Berechnung des elektrischen Stromes und der Lichtproduktion im Landauer-Büttiker-Formalismus. Die Elektron-Photon-Wechselwirkung kann im Landauer-Büttiker-Formalismus behandelt werden, indem wir annehmen, dass jedes Elektron mit einem separaten Photonenfeld interagiert. Dies erlaubt es uns, ein Elektron zusammen mit seinem Photonenfeld als „einzelnes, nicht wechselwirkendes Teilchen“ im Sinne des Landauer-Büttiker-Formalismusses zu betrachten. Wir entwickeln ein Modell einer QP-LED, dessen Elektron-Photon-Wechselwirkung auf dem Jaynes-Cummings-Modell basiert, das die Interaktion eines Quantenpunkts mit einer Mode des elektromagnetischen Feldes beschreibt. Um auch die Energieverteilung der emittierten Photonen analysieren zu können, schlagen wir ein auf einem Pauli-Fierz-Modell basiertes Modell vor. Anstelle einer einzelnen Mode modelliert es Photonen beliebiger Energie, allerdings beschränken wir uns auf den Unterraum mit maximal einem Photon. Wir beweisen eine abstrakte Landauer-Büttiker-Formel, die für alle relativ nuklearen Streusysteme gilt. Sie ist ähnlich zu dem Ergebnis von Aschbacher et al. (2007), unterscheidet sich aber in der Regularisierung des Stroms. Wir wenden das abstrakte Ergebnis auf die Jaynes-Cummings-QP-LED an. Als Startpunkt für die Berechnung der Streumatrix verallgemeinern wir die Darstellung der Streumatrix durch die Weyl-Funktion eines Randwert-Triplets von Behrndt et al. (2010) vom Fall für Störungen endlichen Ranges auf den Fall relativ nuklearer Störungen. Dies deckt insbesondere den Fall der Jaynes-Cummings-QP-LED ab. Die Resolventendifferenz der Pauli-Fierz-QP-LED ist nicht nuklear, weshalb wir eine verallgemeinerte Landauer-Büttiker-Formel für eine gewisse Klasse von Multiplikationsoperatoren beweisen, die in der Faser nuklear sind. Dieses abstrakte Resultat liefert uns auch für die Pauli-Fierz-QP-LED eine Landauer-Büttiker-Formel. / This thesis treats the modeling of a quantum dot LED and the calculation of the electric current and the light production in the Landauer-Büttiker framework. The electron-photon interaction is fitted into the Landauer-Büttiker framework by assuming that every electron interacts with a separate photon field. It allows us to consider an electron together with its photon field as a ''single non-interacting particle'' in the sense of the Landauer-Büttiker formalism. We develop a model of a QD-LED with an electron-photon interaction that is based on the Jaynes-Cummings model, which describes the interaction of a quantum dot with a single mode of the electromagnetic field. To be able to analyze the energy distribution of the emitted photons, we propose a second model of a QD-LED that is based on a one-dimensional Pauli-Fierz model. It models photons of arbitrary positive energy instead of just a single mode, but we restrict it to the subspace of at most one photon. We prove an abstract Landauer-Büttiker formula that applies to all relatively trace class interactions. It is similar to the result by Aschbacher et al. (2007), but differs in the regularization of the flux. We apply this formula to the Jaynes-Cummings QD-LED. Since knowing of the scattering matrix is essential for explicit calculations with the Landauer-Büttiker formula, we generalize a result by Behrndt et al. (2010) on a representation of the scattering matrix in terms of the Weyl function of a boundary triplet from the finite rank case to relatively trace class perturbations, which covers the case of the Jaynes-Cummings QD-LED. The resolvent difference of the Pauli-Fierz QD-LED is not trace class, whence we prove a generalized Landauer-Büttiker formula for a certain multiplication operators that are trace class in the fiber. This abstract result gives us a Landauer-Büttiker formula also for the Pauli-Fierz QD-LED.

Nous considérons un ion hydrogénoïde (un noyau et un électron) en interaction avec le champ électromagnétique quantifié dans le modèle mathématique standard de l'électrodynamique quantique non relativiste. Plutôt que de supposer que le noyau est fixe, nous supposons seulement que le centre de masse de l'ion est confiné par un potentiel. Cette hypothèse est utilisée en physique théorique pour expliquer l'effet Lamb-Dicke. Dans un premier temps, à l'aide de conditions de liaison bien choisies, nous établissons l'existence d'un état fondamental pour l'opérateur Hamiltonien de Pauli-Fierz associé au modèle, sans condition sur la constante de couplage. Dans un second temps, en adaptant les techniques de V. Bach, J. Fröhlich et I. M. Sigal basées sur l'application d'un groupe de renormalisation, nous obtenons l'existence de résonances pour un modèle régularisé, en supposant cette fois-ci que la constante de couplage est suffisamment petite.

Submitted by Pedro Henrique Fusco Nogueira null (pedrofusconogueira@gmail.com) on 2018-03-04T20:59:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação Final.pdf: 530386 bytes, checksum: 67ed197e0d666d071b9b062d11c6ee5f (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Pamella Benevides Gonçalves null (pamella@feg.unesp.br) on 2018-03-05T19:05:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 nogueira_phf_me_guara.pdf: 530386 bytes, checksum: 67ed197e0d666d071b9b062d11c6ee5f (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-03-05T19:05:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 nogueira_phf_me_guara.pdf: 530386 bytes, checksum: 67ed197e0d666d071b9b062d11c6ee5f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-26 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho buscamos encontrar a teoria mais geral para partículas massivas de spin-2 via tensor simétrico. Começamos expondo o caminho que seguiremos para calcular a amplitude de dois pontos saturada por fontes e obter o conteúdo físico de uma dada teoria livre. Como primeira tentativa partimos de uma teoria semelhante a teoria de Fierz-Pauli, mas com termo de massa generalizado. Após isto exploramos uma densidade lagrangiana mais geral, com no máximo duas derivadas. Em ambos os casos retornamos a teoria de Fierz-Pauli como a única viável. Em busca de maior generalidade, posteriormente, propomos uma densidade lagrangiana com coeficientes arbitrários e com potência arbitrária nas derivadas, relacionamos os coeficientes desta teoria com os coeficientes da densidade lagrangiana encontrada anteriormente na literatura via imersão de Euler das equações de Fierz Pauli, o propósito foi verificar se existe uma teoria mais geral que esta última. Por último, a fim de complementar o assunto tratado neste trabalho, verificaremos as consequências de uma dada simetria local no conteúdo físico de uma teoria, de spin-2 massiva. / In this project we seek to find the most general theory for massive particles of spin-2 through symmetric tensor. We begin by the path we will follow to calculate the amplitude of two points, saturated by sources, and obtain physical contente of a free theory. As first attempt, we started with a theory similar to the Fierz-Pauli’s theory, but with a generalized mass term. After this we explored a more general Lagrangian density, with two derivatives in the most. In both cases we return to the Fierz-Pauli’s theory as the only viable one. In search of a greater generality, we later propoused a Lafrangian density with arbitrary coefficients and arbitrary power in the derivatives. We related the coefficients of this theory with the Lagrangian density’s coefficients found previously in the literature through imersão de Euler of the Fierz-Pauli’s equations. The purpose was to verify if there is a more general theory than this last one. Finally, in order to complemente the subject discussed in this paper, we will verify the consequences of a certain local symmetry on the physical contente of a massive spin-2 theory

This thesis deals with the personality of the Premysl Pitter, a time in which he lived. He was a man of humanism, tolerance, democracy supporter, ecumenism and one of the few who help without having. The aim of the thesis is to familiarize the reader with the most important events and aspects of his life. The work is divided into ten chapters and each will concentrate on one period in his life. The first chapter describes his childhood until his return from the World War I. In the second chapter, I tried to handle the growth of his thoughts and ideas in a European context. The third chapter is entitled "Milíč's house," where Premysl and his colleagues care for children of lower Zizkov. The fourth deals with " The Castles". The fifth chapter is called Pitter escape from Czechoslovakia. In the sixth chapter describes his work in the refugee camp Valka. The seventh chapter is devoted to his publishing work and stay in Switzerland. Eighth entitled "An educator and didactic activity" here, I tried to outline its most important pedagogical benefits and principle. The ninth chapter deals with life colleague of Pitter about Olga Fierz. The last chapter was compiled in table form, which I chose for its lucidity. In it, I carried the most important chronological dates, celebrities, whom he met, his writings and world...