Konståkningen är en del av något som kallas estetisk idrott. Det är en sport som kan vara väldigt påfrestande för atleten vilket kan resultera i antingen en bra kroppsuppfattning eller en dålig. På grund av detta blev syftet med studien att undersöka konståkares erfarenheter och upplevelser av kroppsuppfattning. Som teoretiskt ramverk användes en modell som består av olika faktorer som förklarar en individs kroppsuppfattning. Studien är gjord med hjälp av en kvalitativ design och semistrukturerade intervjuer. Deltagarna i studien var elva stycken konståkare som var i åldrarna 18-26 (M=20,8, SD= 2,4). Konståkarna som deltog åker antingen i landslaget i synchro eller på elitnivå samt på en högre nivå inom singelåkningen och satsar mot toppen. När intervjuerna var gjorda utfördes en tematisk analys med small q för att få fram ett tydligt resultat. Här skapades tre olika huvudteman med en deduktiv ansats; konståkarnas egna tankar om kroppsuppfattning, konståkarnas upplevelse kring tävling och träning samt påverkan hos konståkarna genom deras sociala förhållanden. Efter dessa skapade åtta subteman med en induktiv ansats. Resultatet påpekar att det är viktigt för en konståkare att ha ett bra socialt stöd för att kunna undvika en dålig kroppsuppfattning. Det visar också på att det är viktigt att kunna planera sitt liv för att enklare kunna hantera sin egen kropp. Resultatet som studien tagit fram kan ge hjälp till både tränare, familj och folk runt omkring individen att kunna se om individen har en dålig kroppsuppfattning eller inte. Diskussionen i studien skrevs med hjälp av resultatet samt det teoretiska ramverket. / Figure skating is part of something called aesthetic sports. It is a sport that can be very stressful for the athlete which can result in either a good body image or a bad one. Because of this, the purpose of the study was to investigate figure skaters' experiences and experiences of body image. As a theoretical framework, a model was used that consists of various factors that explain an individual's body image. The study is done using a qualitative design and semi-structured interviews. The participants in the study were eleven figure skaters who were aged 18-26 (M=20,8, SD= 2,4). The figure skaters who participated are either in the national team in synchro or at elite level as well as at a higher level in single skating and aim for the top. When the interviews were done, a thematic analysis was performed with small q to obtain a clear result. Here, three different main themes were created with a deductive approach; the figure skaters' own thoughts about body image, the figure skaters' experience of competition and training as well as the influence of the figure skaters through their social relationships. After these, eight subthemes were created with an inductive approach. The result points out that it is important for a figure skater to have good social support in order to avoid a bad body image. It also shows that it is important to be able to plan your life in order to manage your own body more easily. The results produced by the study can help both trainers, family, and people around the individual to see if the individual has a bad body image or not. The discussion in the study was written using the results and the theoretical framework.

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Syfte  Syftet med arbetet var att undersöka sambandet mellan träningsmängd och prestation för svenska konståkare i A- och Nationella serien inom klasserna junior och senior. Det arbetet syftat till att ta reda på var följande frågeställningar:  Finns det något samband mellan det totala antalet träningstimmar per vecka och uppnådd poäng på tävling? Finns det något samband mellan isträningstimmar per vecka och uppnådd poäng på tävling? Finns det något samband mellan fysträningstimmar per vecka och uppnådd poäng på tävling?  Hur väl kan den totala träningsmängden förklara den uppnådda poängen på tävling? Metod Data samlades in med hjälp av en webbenkät skapad i Sunet Survey. Frågorna i enkäten handlade om tävlingsklass, total träningsmängd per vecka, totalt antal istimmar per vecka, totalt antal fystimmar per vecka, annan idrott och eventuell skada. Enkäterna mejlades ut till de 120 klubbarna i Sverige med åkare i urvalsgruppen. De statistiska testerna genomfördes i programmet Jamovi där Pearsons sambandsanalys användes för att undersöka sambanden. Utifrån r-värdet kunde även determinationskoefficienten (r2) beräknas genom att ta kvadratroten av korrelationskoefficienten (r). Den valda signifikansnivån för analysen var 0,05. Resultat Totalt samlades 73 enkäter in varvid 66 inkluderades i studiens slutgiltiga analys. Resultatet från de statistiska testerna visade inget samband mellan total träningsmängd och uppnådd poäng på tävling (p=0,097), mängden isträning och uppnådd poäng på tävling (p=0,094) eller mängden fysträning och uppnådd poäng på tävling (p=0,088). 4,2 procent av den uppnådda poängen kunde förklaras av den totala träningsmängden (r2 = 0,042). Slutsats Resultaten från studien visar att det inte finns något samband mellan total träningsmängd och uppnådd poäng på tävling. Tränare som avser förbättra prestationen hos sina åkare bör överväga att reducera mängden träning med tanke på skaderisken och i stället se över träningens innehåll. Det tycks således vara andra faktorer än träningsmängden som är avgörande för prestation hos konståkare på A- och Nationell serienivå. / Aim  The aim of this study was to research the relationship between training load and performance for Swedish figure skaters in the A- and National series within the junior and senior category. The study aims to research the following questions:  Is there any relationship between the total amount of training hours per week and achieved score at competition?  Is there any relationship between the amount of training hours on ice per week and achieved score at competition?  Is there any relationship between the amount of training hours off ice per week and achieved score at competition?  How well can the total training load explain the achieved score at competition? Method  Data was collected using a web survey created in Sunet Survey. The questions in the survey focused on competition level, total training hours per week, total training hours on ice per week, total training hours off-ice per week, other sports and possible injury. The surveys were emailed to 120 clubs in Sweden with skaters in the sample group. The statistical tests were completed in the program Jamovi and Person’s correlation analysis was used to study the relationships. Based on the r-value the coefficient of determination (r2) could be calculated by taking the square root of the correlation coefficient (r). The chosen significance level for the analysis was 0,05.  Results  In total 73 surveys were collected and 66 of them was included in the study’s final analysis. The results from the statistical tests showed no relationship between total training load and achieved score at competition (p=0,097), the amount of ice training and achieved score at competition (p=0,094) or the amount of off-ice training and achieved score at competition (p=0,088). 4,2 percent of the achieved score at competition could be explained by the total training load (r2 = 0,042).  Conclusion  The results from this study shows that there is no relationship between total training load and achieved score at competition. Coaches aiming to enhance performance for their skaters should consider reducing the training load considering the risk of injury and instead focus on the training content. It seems to be other factors than training load that are crucial for performance for figure skaters at A- and National series level.

L’entraînement délibéré joue un rôle essentiel dans le développement de l’excellence sportive. Cette pratique est décrite comme étant une activité menée dans un but d’amélioration exigeant un niveau élevé d’effort et de concentration et n’étant pas nécessairement plaisante. Bien que les aspects quantitatifs de la pratique délibérée aient grandement été explorés, peu d’études se sont attardées à qualifier ce processus de façon précise. Ainsi, l’objectif de la présente étude est de définir précisément ce qu’est un entraînement de qualité ainsi que le processus psychologique s’y rattachant. Pour ce faire, des entrevues semi-structurées ont été menées auprès de douze patineurs élites québécois. L’analyse des données, par théorisation ancrée, démontre qu’un entraînement de haute qualité est le résultat d’une interaction dynamique de plusieurs facteurs liés à l’athlète, à son environnement, au contenu de son entraînement et à son état psychologique. Plus précisément, la confiance, la motivation, la concentration et l’attitude positive sont les habiletés psychologiques qui peuvent affecter l’entraînement. En fait, l’analyse démontre qu’un processus psychologique important s’opère lors de l’entraînement délibéré. Tout d’abord, des stratégies cognitives et comportementales comme l’imagerie mentale, la fixation d’objectifs et la routine sont utilisées par les athlètes pour se préparer à l’entraînement. Puis, lorsque son état psychologique est affecté négativement, l’athlète a recours à différentes stratégies afin d’optimiser cet état. Si ces stratégies s’avèrent efficaces, la qualité de l’entraînement est maintenue et l’athlète en ressort avec l’impression d’avoir progressé autant sur le plan technique, mental qu’émotionnel. / Deliberate practice plays an important role in the development of sport excellence. This practice is described as being aimed at the improvement of performance and requires a high level of effort and concentration and is not inherently enjoyable. The quantitative aspect of deliberate practice has been explored in several studies, but very few studies have examined the qualitative side of this process. Thus, the goal of the present study is to describe precisely what deliberate training is and the psychological process underlying it. To reach those goals, semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve elite Quebec figure skaters . Data analyse, using grounded theory, demonstrate that high quality training is the result of a dynamic interaction among many factors related to the athletes, their environment, the content of their training and their psychological state. Specifically, confidence, focus, motivation and positive attitude are psychological skills that can affect performance. In fact, the results show that an important process occurred during deliberate training. First, cognitive and behavioral strategies such as mental imagery, goal setting and routine are used by athletes to prepare themselves to train. Then, when the athletes' psychological state is negatively affected, they use different strategies to try to optimize this state. If these strategies are efficient, they help maintain the quality of training and the athletes experience the perception of having progressed technically, mentally, and emotionally.

L’entraînement délibéré joue un rôle essentiel dans le développement de l’excellence sportive. Cette pratique est décrite comme étant une activité menée dans un but d’amélioration exigeant un niveau élevé d’effort et de concentration et n’étant pas nécessairement plaisante. Bien que les aspects quantitatifs de la pratique délibérée aient grandement été explorés, peu d’études se sont attardées à qualifier ce processus de façon précise. Ainsi, l’objectif de la présente étude est de définir précisément ce qu’est un entraînement de qualité ainsi que le processus psychologique s’y rattachant. Pour ce faire, des entrevues semi-structurées ont été menées auprès de douze patineurs élites québécois. L’analyse des données, par théorisation ancrée, démontre qu’un entraînement de haute qualité est le résultat d’une interaction dynamique de plusieurs facteurs liés à l’athlète, à son environnement, au contenu de son entraînement et à son état psychologique. Plus précisément, la confiance, la motivation, la concentration et l’attitude positive sont les habiletés psychologiques qui peuvent affecter l’entraînement. En fait, l’analyse démontre qu’un processus psychologique important s’opère lors de l’entraînement délibéré. Tout d’abord, des stratégies cognitives et comportementales comme l’imagerie mentale, la fixation d’objectifs et la routine sont utilisées par les athlètes pour se préparer à l’entraînement. Puis, lorsque son état psychologique est affecté négativement, l’athlète a recours à différentes stratégies afin d’optimiser cet état. Si ces stratégies s’avèrent efficaces, la qualité de l’entraînement est maintenue et l’athlète en ressort avec l’impression d’avoir progressé autant sur le plan technique, mental qu’émotionnel. / Deliberate practice plays an important role in the development of sport excellence. This practice is described as being aimed at the improvement of performance and requires a high level of effort and concentration and is not inherently enjoyable. The quantitative aspect of deliberate practice has been explored in several studies, but very few studies have examined the qualitative side of this process. Thus, the goal of the present study is to describe precisely what deliberate training is and the psychological process underlying it. To reach those goals, semi-structured interviews were conducted with twelve elite Quebec figure skaters . Data analyse, using grounded theory, demonstrate that high quality training is the result of a dynamic interaction among many factors related to the athletes, their environment, the content of their training and their psychological state. Specifically, confidence, focus, motivation and positive attitude are psychological skills that can affect performance. In fact, the results show that an important process occurred during deliberate training. First, cognitive and behavioral strategies such as mental imagery, goal setting and routine are used by athletes to prepare themselves to train. Then, when the athletes' psychological state is negatively affected, they use different strategies to try to optimize this state. If these strategies are efficient, they help maintain the quality of training and the athletes experience the perception of having progressed technically, mentally, and emotionally.

Title: Analysis of the World Championships 2005-2017 Objectives: The main aim of this thesis is to analyse the sport performance of solo figure skaters in the World Championships. After that changes in development of these performances of women and men skaters are researched. Another aim is to predict the development of sport performance of figure skaters in the next four years. Methods: In creating this thesis methods of correlation and regression analysis, literature research on the basis of content analysis and personal experience in the field of the research have been used. Results: This thesis confirms the increasing tendency of sport performance in single skating in the World Championships. The greates portion of the increase falls on the increasing difficulty of the included jumping emelent. The prediction of acquired points for the best man in the World Championships ain 2018 is 216 points with probability 83 % and for best lady, it is 153 points with probability 74 %. Keywords: points for elements, figure skating, new judging system, program components, sport performance

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The submitted diploma thesis deals with presentations of figure skating at Winter Olympic Games from the 1990s to the 2014 Winter Olympic Games in Sochi in two selected daily newspapers, and with ways in which the presentation of figure skating has changed within the analysed period. The first chapter presents sports journalism, its history and famous personalities, its text types and typical language, and characteristic features of a sport journalist. The second chapter presents the connection of sports and media, the concepts of agenda-setting, agenda-building and intermedia agenda, tabloidization and commercialization and ways in which news services work. The third chapter presents figure skating and figure skating events at the analysed Winter Olympic Games. The analysed media and changing paradigms of the media landscape are presented in the fourth chapter. The methodological basis used for the analyses is described in the fifth chapter. The sixth chapter presents the results of the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the newspaper articles. Furthermore, the interviews with two personalities of the Czech figure skating are analysed qualitatively. The results of the quantitative analysis of the articles and the qualitative analysis of the interviews are compared. Keywords figure skating,...

Dance figure skating – A comparison between a score executed on ice and on floor This work derives from a curiosity of how figure skating and contemporary dance as two different art formscould work together. In what ways can different techniques within the fields of contemporary dance and figureskating inspire and develop each other? Video analysis together with introspection are used as methods. A scorewith different techniques from each field is recorded on the ice and on the floor. This material together with awritten introspection contains the base for the analysis and discussion together with relevant literature from thetwo fields. There are both similarities and clashes when analysing the results of the scores. Gliding and being onedges are fundamentals in figure skating and they are not transferable to floor. Falling and catching the fall issomething that turns out to be restricted to the floor since the skates makes edges while leaning and glidinginstead of falling. There are more explorations to be done when it comes to merging the two art forms together,hopefully this essay will give some inspiration to further work within contemporary skating.