The master thesis covers the topic of company purchasing of own shares. In the meantime, this kind of process in the life of a company has been completed by another important phenomenon -- financial assistance -- which is the second topic of this thesis. The thesis aims to analyse the changes, that have been noticed in the Czech system of law, concerning the company purchase of own shares and the financial assistance during the last eighteen years, i. e. since the Commercial Code entered into force in the Czech Republic. There are also included the reasons of the legal regulation of the process of purchasing of own shares, that are of economic, legal even ethic character. In fact, the company law in the Czech Republic has been influenced in a significant way by the European sources of law, as well as the other branches of law. Thus, the evolution of the European legal framework of the company purchase of own shares and the financial assistance, and its impact on the Czech company law, have to be mentioned. To be more illustrative, the thesis refers to the judicature of the Supreme Court of the Czech Republic, to the judicature of the Court of Justice of the European Union, and standard practice of the Securities Commission.

The aim of this master thesis is to analyze and look for ways out of present debt crisis which the states of euro zone are in. I am exploring these issues on the two countries, which have accepted the euro as their currency. European Union (or more precisely euro zone) has had problems for almost the whole of decade, which are now threatening its being. The basic causes are mainly the lack of structural assumptions of single European economies. The practical part of the master thesis is dealing with comparison of financial assistance, which was provided to Greece and Ireland from EU and IMF. It is evaluating the effectiveness of such help with regard to current economic situation and outlook. The thesis is comparing both of these countries from their entry to European Community and it is assessing fulfillment of Maastricht criteria. It is exploring economic and political situation of both countries and is dealing with the period after the global financial crisis, which has revealed long-term and unresolved problems if selected states of European Union.

Författare/Alievski, N. ”Makt, kontroll och konflikter!” En kvalitativ studie om hur socialsekreterare upplever mötet med klienten när det uppstår konflikt. Examensarbete i socialt arbete 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö universitet: Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle, institutionen för socialt arbete, maj 2018.Uppsatsen är en kvalitativ studie som huvudsakligen handlar om socialsekreterares upplevelser i mötet med klienter när det uppstår konflikter angående ekonomiskt bistånd i socialtjänsten. Studiens fokus ligger på hur socialsekreterare upplever och hanterar dessa konflikter med klienterna. Vilka tillvägagångssätt tillämpas för att övervinna dessa konfliktsituationer och hur upplever socialsekreterare att dessa konflikter påverkar deras arbetssätt? I studien intervjuades fem socialsekreterare som jobbar med ekonomiskt bistånd inom socialtjänsten. Mötet mellan socialsekreterare och klient har en dynamisk karaktär där socialsekreteraren har makt och klienten har ingen makt. Makten är osynlig när parterna är överens med varandra, dock blir makten synlig då parterna är oense om saker och ting. De viktigaste resultaten som kommit fram i uppsatsen är att regler och lagar delvis kan vara orsaker till att det ger upphov till konflikter, exempelvis när det gäller riksnormen. En annan orsak att det uppkommer konflikter är när socialsekreterarna är stressade, har brist på tid eller har för många klienter att de inte hinner ta hand om dessa och att utföra sina arbetsuppgifter på rätt sätt. En tredje orsak till konflikter är när klienterna avviker från planeringen och socialsekreteraren begär ett läkarintyg, vilket klienterna saknar. / Author/Alievski, N. "Power, control and conflict!" A qualitative study of how social secretary experience a meeting with a client when conflict arises. Degree Project in Social Work 15 credits. Malmö University: Faculty of Health and Society, Department of Social Work, Maj 2018.The essay is a qualitative study that mainly deals with social workers' experiences in meeting clients when conflicts arise with financial assistance in social services. The focus of the study is on how social secretaries experience and handle these conflicts with clients. What approaches are being taken to overcome these conflict situations and how do social secretaries feel that these conflicts affect their way of working? For the study, five social secretaries were interviewed who work with financial assistance in social services. The meeting between a social secretary and a client has a dynamic character in which the social secretary has power and the client has no power. The power is invisible as long as the parties are in agreement. However, power becomes relevant when the parties disagree with things. The most important findings made in the paper are that rules and laws may in part be the cause of conflicts, such as the national norm. Another reason for conflicts is that the social secretaries are stressed, have lack of time or have too many clients that they cannot handle clients, which leads to conflicts because the social secretaries are unable to perform their duties properly. A third cause of conflicts is when clients deviate from the planning and the social secretary requests medical certificates, which the clients cannot provide.

The aim of this study was to examine the handling process within financial assistance from a gender equality perspective, in order to problematize and create a deeper understanding of notions of gender in the social services. The different working methods of the social services were compared with the politically based gender equality goals. The study was based on eight individual qualitative semi-structured interviews with social workers in financial assistance from different municipalities in Sweden. The main subjects of the interviews were how the authority works on the basis of gender equality in their payments of financial assistance, their guidelines and future change from a gender equality aspect. To analyze the data, theories of gender perspectives were used from the social theorists Yvonne Hirdman and Raewyn Connell. This study showed that the social services were using four different payment methods. To conclude, the study indicated that the different municipalities fulfilled the requirements of the gender equality goals to varying degrees and reproduced or challenged notions of gender. Despite these varying results, our study showed that, in relation to previous research, there has been a development in the financial assistance services in terms of gender equality.

Det är kommunerna som har det yttersta ansvaret för att säkerställa att barns rätt till bostad tillgodoses. Uppsatsens syfte är därför att studera vilken hänsyn socialtjänsten och förvaltningsrätten tar till barnperspektivet när barnfamiljer är i otrygga boendesituationer. Studien undersöker 22 rättsfall där föräldrar har överklagat avslag på ansökningar om ekonomiskt bistånd för sin boendesituation inom Uppsala kommun. Den valda analysmetoden är kvalitativ innehållsanalys och vi har utgått från Kjellboms teorier om handlingsnormer inom socialt arbete samt Näsmans begrepp familialisering. Studiens huvudsakliga resultat är att det fästs en större vikt vid föräldrars agerande och ansvar än vid barnets behov när beslut fattas om bistånd i form av boendeinsatser för familjer. Barnets situation problematiseras ofta i ärendena, men blir sällan avgörande för besluten. Vår slutsats är därmed att barnperspektivet är bristande i dessa ärenden och att de beslut som fattas inte går i linje med barnkonventionen och socialtjänstlagens krav på att barnets bästa i första hand ska beaktas vid åtgärder som rör barn. Vi ser också att barns delaktighet och intressen inte framkommit i de rättsfall vi studerat. Dessa resultat går i linje med tidigare forskning som pekar på att det finns ett bristande barnperspektiv inom ekonomiskt bistånd.

There are an increasing number of unaccompanied children coming to Sweden. Sweden is one of the countries in the world that receive many of them. This awoke my interest to investigate the assessment of financial assistance and “other living expenses” considering unaccompanied children. My approach was a qualitative study including interviewing five social secretaries working in five different districts in Malmö. Theories used to analyze collected data were: organization theory, bureaucracy school, decision making and cognition and Sence of Coherence. Eight themes were identified: briefing profession, knowledge, values, the individual needs in centrum, assessment of "other living expenses", Malmö City Guidelines, Framework as working tool and finally labour division. These together increase our understanding of the assessment of financial assistance.The result of my study shows that three factors contribute to the assessment of financial support. 1) Social Service law which is a frame law. 2) The national and local rule tools that complement the law. 3) The social secretaries personal view of the law, frameworks and unaccompanied children. The social workers did not have an internal or external education about the unaccompanied children’s situation or the child perspective. They rather took personal responsibility to help them.

Compensation to crime victims Abstract This diploma thesis deals with the issue of compensation to crime victims, specifically compensation provided by the state, whether under the name of financial assistance or compensation. One of the aims of the thesis was to subject the current legislation to a critical analysis and point out its possible imperfections. I also addressed the question of whether effective legislation succeeds in achieving the objectives set, namely the protection of the victim, the determination of clear conditions for the provision of compensation by the state and facilitating the victim's position in obtaining information and applying for financial assistance. Finally, the sub-objective was also to formulate de lege ferenda proposals that would help resolve the ambiguities and inaccuracies of the current legislation. The whole work is divided into five parts, including the introduction and conclusion. The first chapter is devoted to the theoretical definition of the key institutes necessary to understand the issue. Here I elaborate on the concepts of victimology and related victim facilitation, victimization and provide an overview of the most common typologies of victims. The second chapter introduces the reader to the key concept of crime victims, both from a victimological point of...

<p>Enterprises of any size need to face different challenges which might be specific to their environment or their structure. Therefore, to overcome these barriers each company owner needs to take into consideration suitable ways through which the available and potential resources can be best use in dealing with the business context. Issues like, market breakthrough and acceptance, competition, economic environment, can prove to be critical for a small business which bases its activities on innovation type of services and products.</p><p>By studding the specific context of small businesses with an entrepreneurial and innovative character, we try to address in this thesis one of the particular ways through which these type of companies can face challenges within their environment: by involving different categories of external support in their projects and business activities. While the need for capital, information and co-operation is growing along with the small business development, we also have chosen to focus our attention on three types of support infrastructures: finance, information and network. Then, each of these support aspects is analysed in connection with project critical success factors in order to establish a certain relevance that external assistance can have on project success.</p><p>The case studies are based on five small companies within a Swedish incubator in the region of Västerbotten county. As for our study we consider governmental agencies, universities and Science Parks, as three representative support agents, we decided to take closely analyse one of them, and so we looked at the policies and environment of the incubator which hosts the five small companies. And so, Uminova Innovation and its incubator, which are part of Uminova Science Park, could be considered as the overall case study framework. Then, the outcomes of this thesis highlight the perceived influence of the three support infrastructures: finance, information and networks on the business projects, activities and processes. Although the particular business characteristics have their own impact when it comes to the types of support each studied company choose to approach, a general link has been noticed between a certain type of business activities or plans and the involved support.</p><p>As this study brings up particular matters which engage both small business and the business support agents, we believe that the outcomes of the analysis and the broad theoretical framework would be a suitable reference for practitioners of support policies as well as for small business owners. Therefore, the actions and policies of these actors can be further developed by taking in consideration the critical success factors which have a direct implication in enhancing a particular support that further can contribute to project success.</p>

Enterprises of any size need to face different challenges which might be specific to their environment or their structure. Therefore, to overcome these barriers each company owner needs to take into consideration suitable ways through which the available and potential resources can be best use in dealing with the business context. Issues like, market breakthrough and acceptance, competition, economic environment, can prove to be critical for a small business which bases its activities on innovation type of services and products. By studding the specific context of small businesses with an entrepreneurial and innovative character, we try to address in this thesis one of the particular ways through which these type of companies can face challenges within their environment: by involving different categories of external support in their projects and business activities. While the need for capital, information and co-operation is growing along with the small business development, we also have chosen to focus our attention on three types of support infrastructures: finance, information and network. Then, each of these support aspects is analysed in connection with project critical success factors in order to establish a certain relevance that external assistance can have on project success. The case studies are based on five small companies within a Swedish incubator in the region of Västerbotten county. As for our study we consider governmental agencies, universities and Science Parks, as three representative support agents, we decided to take closely analyse one of them, and so we looked at the policies and environment of the incubator which hosts the five small companies. And so, Uminova Innovation and its incubator, which are part of Uminova Science Park, could be considered as the overall case study framework. Then, the outcomes of this thesis highlight the perceived influence of the three support infrastructures: finance, information and networks on the business projects, activities and processes. Although the particular business characteristics have their own impact when it comes to the types of support each studied company choose to approach, a general link has been noticed between a certain type of business activities or plans and the involved support. As this study brings up particular matters which engage both small business and the business support agents, we believe that the outcomes of the analysis and the broad theoretical framework would be a suitable reference for practitioners of support policies as well as for small business owners. Therefore, the actions and policies of these actors can be further developed by taking in consideration the critical success factors which have a direct implication in enhancing a particular support that further can contribute to project success.

Lietuvai įsiliejus į bendrąją ES rinką kaimo turizmo subjektams atsivėrė galimybė veikti didesnėje ir aktyvesnėje plotmėje. Tačiau kartu su padidėjusiomis galimybėmis kaimo turizmo verslui teko priimti ir ES bendrosios rinkos iššūkius, siekiant prisitaikyti prie besikeičiančių ekonominių ir socialinių sąlygų. Dinamiškus kaimo turizmo pertvarkymo procesus tiek Lietuvoje, tiek ir kitose ES rytų šalyse, neretai riboja finansinės galimybės. Todėl tampa aktualu įvertinti paramos kaimo turizmo verslui teikimą, remiantis įtakos kaimo turizmo sodybų konkurencingumui vertinimu. Tyrimo objektas: struktūrinių fondų paramos įtaka. Tyrimo problema: kokia struktūrinių fondų paramos įtaka kaimo turizmo sodybų konkurencingumui? Darbo tikslas – įvertinti struktūrinių fondų paramos įtaką kaimo turizmo sodybų konkurencingumui. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Palyginti ekonomikos teorijų atstovų požiūrį į valstybės vaidmenį teikiant paramą kaimo verslui. 2. Apibūdinti kaimo turizmui teikiamos struktūrinės paramos svarbą. 3. Išanalizuoti valstybės finansinės paramos kaimo turizmo sodyboms mechanizmą. 4. Remiantis ekonomikos teorijų nuostatomis, sukurti teorinį paramos įtakos vertinimo modelį. 5. Nustatyti struktūrinių fondų svarbą kaimo turizmo sodybų konkurencingumui. Darbo metodai: mokslinės literatūros analizė, dokumentų analizė, statistinė analizė, kryptingasis interviu, kokybinė turinio analizė, anketinė apklausa, aprašomoji statistinė analizė. / Lithuania's access to the EU market for rural tourism operators have opened up the opportunity to run in a larger and more active plane. However, with the increased opportunities for rural tourism business had to meet the challenges of the EU market in order to adapt to changing economic and social conditions. Dynamic adjustment processes of rural tourism in Lithuania and other Eastern EU countries are often limited by financial possibilities. It therefore becomes important to evaluate the support for rural tourism business provision, based on the impact on rural tourism competitiveness assessment. The object of the research: the influence of structural funds. The problem of the research: what is the influence of structural funds assistance on rural tourism competitiveness? The aim of the thesis: to value the influence of structural funds assistance on rural tourism competitiveness. Objectives of the research: 1. To compare the attitude of economical theories about the states‘ role in providing support to rural business. 2. To describe the importance of structural support to rural tourism. 3. To analyze the mechanism of state financial support for rural tourism. 4. According to the economical theories, to create a theoretical evaluation model of financial support influence. 5. To estimate the importance of structural funds on rural tourism. Methods: literature analysis, document analysis, statistical analysis, interview, qualitative content analysis, questionnaire survey... [to full text]