Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Diplomarbeit werden browserbasierte Videoüber-tragungslösungen bezüglich ihrer Verwendbarkeit zur Übertragung des Fernsehprogramms regionaler Fernsehsender auf das Medium Internet untersucht, mit dem Ziel eine Prototypanwendung auf Basis der gemäß den Anforderungen der Regionalsender am besten geeigneten Technik zu implementieren. Grundlage der Untersuchung bildet eine Gegenüberstellung der am Markt be-findlichen Videosysteme mit Webbrowserunterstützung QuickTime, RealVideo, Windows Media, Adobe Flash und Java. Die Systeme werden bezüglich ihres Leistungsumfangs, der Flexibilität ihrer Einsatzmöglichkeiten, der Qualität der zugrundeliegenden Videocodecs und ihrer Verbreitung im Internet verglichen. Anhand der gemeinsam mit den Regionalsendern KabelJournal und Sachsenfernsehen ermittelten Anforderungen an ein Videosystem zur Übertragung ihres Programms im Internet, erweist sich Adobe Flash Video durch seine hohe Verbreitung, seine flexiblen Einsatzmöglichkeiten und seiner Unterstützung von Bewegtbild-, Standbild- und interaktiven Animationsmedien als am besten geeignet. Die im Rahmen dieser Arbeit erstellte Implementierung einer Web-TV Anwen-dung auf Basis von Adobe Flash zeigt bei der Ermittlung von konkreten Einsatzszenarien bei den Sendern KabelJournal und Sachsenfernsehen, dass durch die multimediale Auslegung, die flexiblen Medienkombinationsmöglichkeiten und die offene XML-Schnittstelle mehr als eine bloße Portierung des TV-Programms ins Internet mit gleichzeitig geringem Aufwand möglich ist. Die Web-TV Anwendung ist eine einfach einsetzbare aber höchst vielseitige Möglichkeit für Regionalsender neue Märkte zu erschließen. / Within the present diploma thesis, established web browser based video solu-tions are examined for their use as internet broadcasting system for local TV stations, with the intention of implementing a broadcasting solution based on the technique matching the requirements of local TV stations best. Basis of this examination is the comparison of the web video solutions Quick-Time, RealVideo, Windows Media, Adobe Flash and Java. These systems are compared by their multimedia support, flexibility of use, quality of the video co-decs they use and their market penetration. On the basis of the requirements of local TV stations, determined together with KabelJournal and Sachsenfernsehen, adobe flash is the most satisfying solution to build a Web TV application upon. Its market penetration, flexibility of use and its support for still images, videos and interactive animations match those requirements best. The implementation of the Web TV application based on adobe flash proofs its great flexibility, ease of use and its diverse variations in combining different me-dia, at the determination of concrete use cases together with KabelJournal and Sachsenfernsehen. It shows that this is an easy but high potential way to enter new markets for local TV stations.

Bakgrund: Diabetes mellitus är en folksjukdom som förekommer på nationell och internationell nivå. Patienter kan lära sig hantera sin sjukdom med hjälp av tekniken som finns idag. Flash glucose monitor (FGM) är en glukosmätare som visar sockerhalten i vävnaden genom en vit rund sensor som sitter på armen. Patienter med diabetes typ 1 och typ 2 kan använda FGM vilket underlättar kontroller av glukosnivåer. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka hur patienter med Diabetes mellitus typ 1 och typ 2 upplever användningen av glukosmätaren Flash glucose monitor. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie bestående av åtta utvalda vetenskapliga artiklar från databaserna CINAHL och PUBMED. Granskning av artiklarnas kvalité och analys genomfördes. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i två huvudkategorier, Positiva upplevelser av FGM samt Negativa upplevelser av FGM. Huvudkategorin Positiva upplevelser av FGM delades in i fyra underkategorier som benämns FGMs påverkan på patienters livskvalité, Hantering av FGM, Förbättrad glukosmonitorering samt Ökad kunskap. Majoriteten av patienterna upplevde mer positiva upplevelser än negativa under användning av FGM. Slutsats: FGM upplevdes som lätthanterlig samt ansågs mindre smärtsam. Patienter kontrollerade glukosnivåer mer ofta med FGM och erhöll en bättre kunskap kring sin sjukdom.

The critical preface, "Learning to Break the Rules" discusses workshop rules as guidelines, as well as how and why I learned to break them. The creative portion of this thesis is made up of eight short stories: "The Many Incarnations of Blazer Chief," "Anna's Monsters," "The Pecan Tree's Daughter," "When the Seas Emptied," "The Umbrella Thief," "How to Forget," "Fracture," and "Stealing Dreams."

Gasoline and gasoline-like fuels (naphtha) have high volatility, which results in flash boiling spray in gasoline engines when operated at throttling or low load conditions. Flash boiling can achieve better atomization, thus benefit fuel evaporation and fuel-air mixing. However, when flash boiling occurs, spray morphology, and fuel distribution are dramatically varied from the injectors' intentional design. This difference will affect the performance of combustion and emissions. Thus it is essential to investigate the spray collapse phenomenon regarding varied conditions. The currently developing gasoline compression ignition (GCI) engines, also has throttled stoichiometric spark ignition operation mode, which inevitably has flash boiling possibility. However, there is a lack of research on flash boiling spray with a GCI injector, which has a large designed cone angle. This work aims to understand the spray collapse phenomenon and fill the gap in GCI flash boiling spray. Simultaneous side-view diffused back illumination (DBI) and front-view mie-scattering are used to capture the liquid spray development. Simultaneous shadowgraph from side and front view are used for recording the liquid+vapor phase spray development. Criteria for distinguishing different spray regimes have been established from these results. It shows this GCI injector is more resistant to collapse than the other conventional gasoline direct injection (GDI) injectors reported in the literature. A combination of DBI and space-time tomographic algorithm is validated in this work, achieving 3D reconstruction of the spray volume development from non-flashing to collapsed spray regime at low cost. The 3D results help elucidate the spray collapse procedure and provide validation data for CFD simulation. Structured laser illumination planar imaging (SLIPI) is firstly implemented in flash boiling spray study in this work to suppress the multiple scattering effect. Reconstructed 3D results from slice sweeping by SLIPI methods exposes the hollow structure in the spray's collapsed central jet, which has not been reported previously by other methods. Different spray motion types are summarized for the transitional and collapsed spray regime from the SLIPI slice and confirmed by the particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique.

Nitric oxide reductase (NOR) from Paracoccus denitrificans catalyzes the two electronreduction of NO to N2O (2NO + 2H+ + 2e- → N2O + H2O) as part of the process ofdenitrification, the step-wise reduction of nitrate to dinitogen. The NOR-catalyzedreaction is central in the nitrogen cycle, since in this step the N=N double bond isformed. NOR is a deviant heme copper oxidase, located in the cytoplasmic membrane,containing four redox active cofactors. Like cytochrome c oxidase (CcO), NOR canreduce oxygen to water as a side reaction, but in contrast to CcO it does not contributeto the proton motive force that drives the conversion of ADP to ATP by ATP synthase.The active site in the catalytic subunit NorB consists of a non-heme iron FeB and a hemeb3 that are anti-ferromagnetically coupled. Additionally a low-spin heme b in NorB isinvolved in accepting electrons from heme c of NorC, a membrane anchored cytochromec, which is the second subunit of the purified NorBC heterodimer.We have studied the terminal region of the proton entry channel and possible ligands tothe binuclear active site of NOR using the flow-flash technique and could demonstratethat the putative proton channel residues Glu(E)198 and E267 in NorB are essential forproton uptake. We propose that they define the terminal proton channel region close tothe binuclear site. An alanine variant of the fully conserved amino acid residue E202 ofNOR that, according to the model of NOR (47), is located in the vicinity to the active site,is neither essential for catalytic activity nor integrity of the active site.Furthermore, we were able to demonstrate the [NO] dependency of NOR in the reactionbetween fully reduced protein and NO using the flow-flash technique (21, 24). Thebinding of NO to the fully reduced enzyme is clearly concentration dependent,inconsistent with a previously proposed obligatory binding of NO first to FeB before itligates to heme b3, where it, in the first turnover, is reduced by the electrons from theactive site. Further oxidation involves electron transfer from the low-spin hemes, which isaccelerated at lower [NO]. This acceleration at lower substrate concentration is evenlarger at decreased pH. We could demonstrate that substrate inhibition, observed insteady-state measurements, occurs already on oxidizing the fully reduced enzyme,indicating that NO binds to its inhibitory site before electrons can redistribute to theactive site from the low-spin hemes.

Red alder (Alnus rubra) is the most commercially important hardwood tree species in the Pacific Northwest and has a long history of traditional medicinal use as a source of fungicide and insecticide. Chemical analysis has shown that the diarylheptanoid oregonin ((5S)-1,7-bis(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-5-(β-D-xylopyranosyloxy)-heptan-3-one) is the dominant phytochemical contributing to medicinal activity. It was recently discovered that high oregonin concentration in alder leaves is associated with enhanced resistance to western tent caterpillar (Malacosoma californicum), a leaf eating lepidopteran herbivore; however, oregonin has never been directly tested on insects, or red alder-associated fungal species. In this thesis, a novel purification method was developed for the preparative extraction of oregonin from red alder leaf and bark material to directly test its biological activity. A battery of insect feeding and toxicity bioassays were carried out with several tree-defoliating caterpillars, and fungal inhibition was tested against a range of plant-associated fungal species, including several alder-associated species. This research represents the first evaluation of oregonin biological activity on insects, plant-associated fungi of the phyla Basidiomycota, and fungal-like pathogens of the phyla Oomycota. Oregonin exhibited promising insect feeding deterrent activity against generalist lepidopteran pests, including cabbage loopers (Trichoplusia ni), white-marked tussock moths (Orgyia leucostigma), and fall webworm (Hyphantria cunea) at similar concentrations shown to reduce western tent caterpillar herbivory in alder leaf bioassays. The results suggest that oregonin concentration has potential for selection as a breeding trait in managed populations of red alder to improve host resistance to leaf-eating pests. / Graduate / 2021-08-10

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No description available.

Current computer systems fill the demand of operating systems and applications for ever greater amounts of random access memory by paging the least recently used data to the hard disk drive. This paging process is called "virtual memory," to indicate that the hard disk drive is used to create the illusion that the computer has more random access memory than it actually has. Unfortunately, the fastest hard disk drives are over five orders of magnitude slower than the DRAM they are emulating. When the demand for memory increases to the point that processes are being continually saved to disk and then retrieved again, a process called "thrashing" occurs, and the performance of the entire computer system plummets. This thesis sought to find alternatives for home and small business computer users to the hard disk drive for virtual memory which would not suffer from the same long delays. Virtual memory is especially important for older computers, which often are limited by their motherboards, their processors and their power supplies to a relatively small amount of random access memory. Thus, this thesis was focused on improving the performance of older computers by replacing the hard disk drive with faster technologies for the virtual memory. Of the different technologies considered, flash memory was selected because of its low power requirements, its ready availability, its relatively low cost and its significantly faster random access times. Two devices were evaluated on a system with a 512MB of RAM, a Pentium 4 processor and a SATA hard disk drive. Theoretical models and a simulator were developed, and physical performance measurements were taken. Flash memory was not shown to be significantly faster than the hard disk drive in virtual memory applications.

Accurate flash point and flammability limit data are needed to design safe chemical processes. Unfortunately, improper data storage and reporting policies that disregard the temperature dependence of the flammability limit and the fundamental relationship between the flash point and the lower flammability limit have resulted in compilations filled with erroneous values. To establish a database of consistent flammability data, critical analysis of reported data, experimental investigation of the temperature dependence of the lower flammability limit, and theoretical and empirical exploration of the relationship between flash points and temperature limits are undertaken. Lower flammability limit measurements in a 12-L ASHRAE style apparatus were performed at temperatures between 300 K and 500 K. Analysis of these measurements showed that the adiabatic flame temperature at the lower flammability limit is not constant as previously thought, rather decreases with increasing temperature. Consequently the well-known modified Burgess-Wheeler law underestimates the effect of initial temperature on the lower flammability limit. Flash point and lower temperature limit measurements indicate that the flash point is greater than the lower temperature limit, the difference increasing with increasing lower temperature limit. Flash point values determined in a Pensky-Martens apparatus typically exceed values determined using a small-scale apparatus above 350 K. Data stored in the DIPPR® 801 database and more than 3600 points found in the literature were critically reviewed and the most probable value recommended, creating a database of consistent flammability data. This dataset was then used to develop a method of estimating the lower flammability limit, including dependence on initial temperature, and the upper flammability limit. Three methods of estimating the flash point, with one based entirely on structural contributions, were also developed. The proposed lower flammability limit and flash point methods appear to predict close to, if not within, experimental error.