[pt] A Cerveja Heineken está presente em onze países da América Latina. Alguns têm sua demanda suprida por plantas industriais localizadas no próprio território, outros pela importação a partir de plantas localizadas em outros países da região e ainda há aqueles que dependem do fornecimento de cerveja da matriz da empresa localizada na Holanda. Considerando os mercados latino-americanos que são supridos regularmente por plantas industriais localizadas no exterior, apresentam-se três fornecedores (sources) distintos: Holanda, Argentina e Chile. Motivada pelo grande volume de cerveja importado da Heineken Holanda, pelos custos gerados por estas importações e ainda pelos problemas ocasionados pela dificuldade de algumas plantas cervejeiras locais em atender a demanda externa – entende-se por locais aquelas localizadas na região da América Latina -, esta dissertação se desenvolve. Assim, o intuito desse estudo é analisar a dinâmica da rede de distribuição de Cerveja Heineken para os países da América Latina, com vistas a identificar potenciais novas bases e propor uma melhor organização do fluxo de exportação. O objetivo é otimizar esse fluxo, reduzindo custos através da regionalização das chamadas sources, que nada mais são do que as plantas industriais cervejeiras que exportam e suprem os diversos países latinoamericanos. Para atender a este propósito, serão testadas potenciais sources e avaliados, por meio de ferramentas logísticas, os cenários que poderão suprir de forma mais eficaz os mercados da região. / [en] The Heineken Beer is present in eleven Latin-American countries. Some of them have their demand supplied by breweries located in their own countries, others by the importation from breweries located in other countries of the region and there are still those that depend on the beer exported from the headquarters of the company, in The Netherlands. Considering the Latin-American markets that have their demand regularly supplied by breweries located abroad, we identify three different origins: Holland, Argentina and Chile. Motivated by the large volume of beer imported from Heineken in The Netherlands, by the costs generated by such importations and also by the problems brought about by the difficulties found by some local breweries in order to meet their foreign demand - by local I mean located in the region of Latin America -, this dissertation is developed. The aim of this study is to analyze the dynamics of the distribution network of Heineken Beer throughout Latin-America, in order to identify potential new export bases and propose a better organization of the export flow. The objective is to optimize such flow, reducing costs through the regionalization of the so-called sources, which are nothing other than breweries exporting to and supplying the Latin-American countries. In order to fulfill this purpose, potential sources will be tested and, by making use of logistics tools, the scenarios that meet the demand of the region in a more effective way will be evaluated.

The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the effectiveness of the investment project, the source of its financing and the impact on the financial situation of the company. During the evaluating of the investment a capital expenditure and income resulting from it is necessary to establish. Terms of time value of money and the risks are connected with this. After this the project can be assessed with fundamental methods of evaluation efficiency of investment, such as net present value or internal rate of return. Researched investment was the acquisition of fixed assets needed for a new way of catching poultry PEER System. Based on fundamental investment efficiency evaluation methods, this project was assessed at various forms of financing, which was evaluated using method of discounted costs, from this, financing by debt and subsidies was the best form. The project's impact on the company's financial situation was found by selected indicators of financial analysis, such as return on equity and sales, total indebtedness, current ratio and others. With this analysis was proved, that the realization of project did not impact fundamentally the situation of company, which is financially stable.

Ce travail a pour but de comparer les approches de simulation numérique des grandes échelles explicite (LES) et implicite (ILES) pour un jet turbulent non-réactif ou réactif d’hydrogène à grande vitesse dans un co-courant d’air, typique d’un super-statoréacteur. La résolution des calculs va de 32 × 32 × 128 à 256 × 256 × 1024, à l’aide d’un schéma WENO d’ordre 5. Les LES explicites emploient les modèles sous-maille de Smagorinsky et de Fonction de Structure Sélective, associés au transport moléculaire. Les LES implicites sont réalisées avec et sans modèle de transport moléculaire, en résolvant les équations de Navier- Stokes ou d’Euler. Dans le cas non-réactif, le modèle de Smagorinsky est trop dissipatif. Le modèle de Fonction de Structure Sélective améliore les résultats, sans faire mieux que l’approche ILES quelle que soit la résolution. Dans le cas réactif, une coupure physique visqueuse est indispensable pour fixer une épaisseur à la flamme, et assurer la convergence en maillage de l’approche ILES. On montre aussi que les résultats LES/ILES sont moins sensibles aux conditions d’injection que ceux de l’approche RANS. Le premier chapitre est une introduction générale au contexte de l’étude. Au second chapitre, on rappelle les équations générales pour un écoulement réactif et on détaille les modèles thermodynamique et de transport retenus. Au troisième chapitre, les équations de la LES et les modèles sous-maille sont présentés. On examine également quelques propriétés du schéma numérique. Le chapitre 4 est consacré à la méthode numérique et au code de calcul. Enfin, on présente les cas-tests et on discute les résultats au chapitre 5. / This work is intended to compare Large Eddy Simulation and Implicit Large Eddy Simulation (LES and ILES) for a turbulent, non-reacting or reacting high speed H2 jet in co-flowing air, typical of scramjet engines. Numerical simulations are performed at resolutions ranging from 32 × 32 × 128 to 256 × 256 × 1024, using a 5th order WENO scheme. Physical LES are carried out with the Smagorinsky and the Selective Structure Function models associated to molecular diffusion. Implicit LES are performed with and without molecular diffusion, by solving either the Navier-Stokes or the Euler equations. In the nonreacting case, the Smagorinsky model is too dissipative. The Selective Structure Function leads to better results, but does not show any superiority compared to ILES, whatever the grid resolution. In the reacting case, a molecular viscous cut-off in the simulation is mandatory to set a physical width for the reaction zone in the ILES approach, hence to achieve grid-convergence. It is also found that LES/ILES are less sensitive to the inlet conditions than the RANS approach. The first chapter is an introduction to the context of this study. In the second chapter, the governing equations for multispecies reacting flows are presented, with emphasis on the thermodynamic and transport models. In the third chapter, physical LES equations and explicit sub-grid modeling strategies are detailed. Some properties of the numerical scheme are also investigated. In chapter four, the numerical scheme and some aspects of the solver are explained. Finally, non-reacting and reacting numerical experiments are presented and the results are discussed.

A imigração aos Estados Unidos se tornou um dos maiores fenômenos globais durante o sécu-lo XX. Alguns fatores, entretanto, estariam indicando que, especialmente a partir da crise e-conômica de 2008, os fluxos migratórios ao país norte-americano poderiam estar diminuindo. Este trabalho busca analisar tal movimento recente de imigração aos Estados Unidos à luz do histórico das políticas migratórias adotadas no país, partindo da hipótese de que a aparente redução da imigração aos Estados Unidos se trata de uma questão temporária. Inicialmente, é examinado o histórico da imigração aos Estados Unidos desde os primeiros imigrantes do país até a década de 1970, em que são abordados os principais acontecimentos históricos desta fase e sua influência na imigração, com destaque às políticas migratórias adotadas no período. A seguir, analisa-se a maneira como os índices migratórios se elevaram fortemente ao final do século XX. São debatidos os motivos que levaram a este aumento e a forma como os Estados Unidos lidaram com a questão. Por fim, o trabalho aborda alguns fatores da década de 2000 que poderiam estar causando uma redução nos índices migratórios aos Estados Unidos. São eles a crise econômica de 2008; o aumento da segurança da fronteira americana com o Méxi-co; as políticas migratórias do final dos anos 2000 (com destaque à proposta da reforma do sistema migratório de Barack Obama e a lei SB 1070 do estado americano do Arizona); e as condições internas de alguns dos países de origem dos migrantes (México, América Central e Caribe, Brasil e alguns países asiáticos) e a maneira como elas afetam a imigração de nacio-nais destes países aos Estados Unidos. A análise realizada aponta que, embora tenha havido uma redução dos índices migratórios em comparação aos anos 1990, a leve tendência de que-da apresentada ao final da década de 2000 não configura um movimento permanente, mas, sim, insere-se na tradição da imigração aos Estados Unidos de apresentar diferentes fluxos de crescimento e queda ao longo de sua história. / Immigration to the United States became a major global phenomena during the twentieth cen-tury. Some factors, however, could be indicating that, especially since the 2008 economic crisis, migration flows to the North American country could be slowing. This paper analyses this recent flow of immigration to the United States in light of the history of immigration pol-icies adopted in the country, based on the assumption that the apparent reduction in immigra-tion to the United States is a temporary issue. Initially, we analyze the history of immigration to the Unites States since the country's first immigrants until the 1970s, in which we focus on the main historical events of this phase and its influence on immigration, especially migration policies adopted in this period. Next, we analyze how migration flows rose sharply at the end of the twentieth century. We debate the reasons that took to this increase and the way the United States dealt with the subject. Finally, we discuss some factors of the 2000s which could be causing a reduction in the immigration rates in the United States. They are the 2008 economic crisis; the enforcement in the security of the American border with Mexico; the migration policies of the late 2000s (particularly Barack Obama's proposed migration system reform and the SB 1070 law of the U. S. state of Arizona); and the internal condition of some of the migrants' countries of origin (Mexico, Central America and the Caribbean, Brazil and some Asian countries) and the way they affect immigration from nationals of these countries to the United States. The analysis indicates that, though there has been a reduction in migra-tion flows compared to the 1990s, the slight downward trend shown by the end of the 2000s does not configure a permanent process, but rather is part of the tradition of immigration to the United States to present different flows of rises and falls of migrations throughout its his-tory.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-26T13:50:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 1909494 bytes, checksum: 2658c6c847f7e2b3baba9e3f4521c71d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-27 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Streamflow regionalization aims to supply the hydrological information lack in places where there are little or no data availability, and the knowledge and improvement of this technique is of great importance for a safer streamflow estimate. This study aimed to improve the procedure of low flow and average streamflow regionalization, considering an explanatory variable that represents the actual evapotranspiration in the process of streamflow formation. The study was performed for two basins of San Francisco river: a subbasin of Paracatu river, being evaluated the long-term average streamflow (Qmld), the minimum streamflow present 95 % of the time (Q95), and the minimum streamflow of seven days duration associated with a ten years return period (Q7,10); and the Pará basin, being evaluated just Q7,10. The independent variables were the drainage area (A), the streamflow equivalent to the rainfall volume (Peq), the streamflow equivalent to the rainfall volume minus 750 mm (Peq750) and streamflow equivalent to the rainfall volume minus the estimated average actual evapotranspiration in the basin (PeqETR). We evaluated regionalization performance through three analysis: statistics, physical behavior and risk. The PeqETR provided the best statistical adjustments for the three streamflows analyzed in the Paracatu subbasin, however, while this was the variable that best represented the physical behavior and safer estimatives for low flows, the Peq750 had more representative estimates to average streamflow. For Pará basin, the use of PeqETR as an explanatory variable created the best statistical adjustments and a better representation of the physical and risk behavior of the dependent variable analyzed. Thus, the use of the explanatory variable that represents the actual evapotranspiration provided, in the subbasins analysed, best statistical adjustments and, with the exception of average streamflow, a physical analysis more representative and reliable. / A regionalização de vazões visa suprir a carência de informações hidrológicas em locais com pouca ou nenhuma disponibilidade de dados, sendo o conhecimento e o aprimoramento dessa técnica de grande importância para estimativas mais seguras das vazões. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo aperfeiçoar o procedimento de regionalização de vazões mínimas e média, considerando uma variável explicativa que representa a evapotranspiração real no processo de formação de vazões. O estudo foi realizado em duas bacias do rio São Francisco: uma sub- bacia do rio Paracatu, onde foram avaliados a vazão média de longa duração (Qmld), a vazão mínima com permanência de 95% do tempo (Q95) e a vazão mínima com sete dias de duração associada a um período de retorno de dez anos (Q7,10); e a bacia do rio Pará, na qual foi avaliado apenas a Q7,10. As variáveis independentes utilizadas foram a área de drenagem, a vazão equivalente ao volume precipitado (Peq), a vazão equivalente ao volume precipitado menos 750 mm (Peq750) e a vazão equivalente ao volume precipitado menos a média estimada da evapotranspiração real na bacia (PeqETR). Avaliou-se o desempenho da regionalização por meio de três análises: estatística, comportamento físico e risco. A PeqETR proporcionou os melhores ajustes estatísticos para as três vazões analisadas na sub-bacia do rio Paracatu, contudo, enquanto essa variável foi a que representou o melhor comportamento físico e estimativas mais seguras das vazões mínimas, a Peq750 foi a que teve estimativas mais representativas da vazão média. Para a bacia do rio Pará, o uso da PeqETR como variável explicativa gerou os melhores ajustes estatísticos e uma melhor representação do comportamento físico e de risco da variável dependente analisada. Assim, o uso da variável explicativa que considera a evapotranspiração real proporciou, nas bacias estudadas, os vmelhores ajustes estatísticos e, com exceção da vazão média, uma análise física mais representativa e segura.

Corrida de detritos é um tipo de movimento que se caracteriza por uma massa fluída bastante densa, constituída por lama, água, rochas e outros detritos, capaz de atingir elevadas velocidades e possuir elevado potencial de destruição. Essas características colocam esse tipo de movimento entre os mais catastróficos desastres naturais, com grande potencial de destruição, principalmente quando ocorre em áreas urbanizadas, onde os prejuízos e perdas podem ser enormes. Como apoio para definição de medidas de prevenção ou mitigação desses desastres, as ferramentas computacionais para modelagem desses movimentos têm se mostrado de grande utilidade, sendo que para isso atualmente existem diferentes abordagens. Nesse sentido, o atual trabalho se baseia na aplicação do software RAMMS em um estudo de caso a fim de verificar a aplicabilidade dessa ferramenta no estudo de casos típicos de corridas de massa em condições brasileiras. Este software, desenvolvido pelo órgão suíço WSL, se baseia no modelo de atrito de Voellmy-Salm, que divide a resistência ao cisalhamento em duas parcelas: atrito seco e atrito turbulento, sendo que para cada uma destas parcelas existe um coeficiente característico, sendo, respectivamente, μ e ξ. Neste trabalho é feita a análise de movimentos de massa que ocorreram no Rio de Janeiro no ano de 1996, nos canais dos rios Quitite e Papagaio, em que foi mobilizado cerca de 130.000m³ de material por cerca 1,5 km. Neste trabalho é feita uma retroanálise desses movimentos através do software RAMMS, de modo a se obter a calibração dos parâmetros de atrito do modelo Voellmy-Salm. Para isso foram realizadas diversas simulações dos movimentos de massa, fazendo-se a comparação dos resultados com os dados dos movimentos reais. As análises realizadas possibilitaram a calibração dos parâmetros de atrito do modelo Voellmy-Salm de modo a reproduzir de maneira satisfatória os movimentos ocorridos. Para o coeficiente de atrito seco (μ), os valores obtidos ficaram entre 0,075 para o material mais fino e 0,25 para o material mais grosseiro. Para o coeficiente de atrito turbulento (ξ) o valor obtido também foi variável de acordo com o trecho, entre 150 e 400 m/s², aproximadamente. Também foi observado que ambos os parâmetros apresentam variação ao longo do trecho da corrida. Esses valores podem vir a servir de base para estudos de novos movimentos em condições similares, através do software RAMMS, auxiliando assim em programas para prevenção ou mitigação das consequências relacionadas às corridas de detritos. / Debris flows is a mass movement characterized as a dense fluid, consisting of mud, water, rocks and other debris, which is able to reach high speeds and to have a high destructive potential. These characteristics classify this type of mass movement among the most catastrophic natural disasters, with great potential for destruction especially when it occurs in urban areas, where losses can be enormous. Computational tools to model these movements have proved to be very useful as support for studies of preventive or mitigation measures for such disasters and there are a number of different approaches currently. The current work is based on the application of RAMMS software in a case study to verify the applicability of this tool on the study of cases under Brazilian conditions. The software was developed by the Swiss agency WSL and is based on the Voellmy-Salm friction model, which divides the shear resistance into two portions: dry friction and turbulent friction, and for each of these portions assumes a characteristic coefficient, μ and ξ, respectively. In this work the analysis of the debris flows that occurred in the Quitite and Papagaio streams, Rio de Janeiro, 1996, which mobilized about 130.000m³ of material for about 1.5 km. Back analysis of these movements were performed using the software RAMMS to obtain calibration parameters for the friction model of Voellmy-Salm. For this purpose, several simulations of mass movements were performed allowing the comparison of the results with data from real movements. These analyzes had allowed the parameters calibration of the Voellmy-Salm friction model which reproduced satisfactorily the movements. For the coefficient of dry friction (μ), the values obtained were between 0.075, for fine material, and 0.25, for coarse material. For the turbulent friction coefficient (ξ) the values were also variable between 150 and 400 m/s, approximately, according to the geometric segment studied. It was also observed that both parameters changed along the stretch. These values may be used as a base for studies of new movements in similar conditions using RAMMS software and can help in prevention or mitigation of debris flows.

A utilização do conceito de tempo como uma categoria de análise em Geografia não é tão rara quanto se imagina, mas tampouco é tão presente e reflexiva quanto se gostaria. Ainda mais raros são os trabalhos de pesquisa que incluem de maneira efetiva a dimensão espaçotemporal na análise geográfica. Esta pesquisa apresenta, portanto, uma discussão em torno de autores que analisam esta perspectiva, na tentativa de construir os conceitos de espaço-tempo, temporalidade (velocidade de transporte de matéria e informação) e identidade espaçotemporal, ao mesmo tempo em que tenta articulá-los ao universo conceitual da Geografia. Adicionalmente, esta pesquisa também tenta demonstrar uma possibilidade de uso efetivo destes conceitos na análise de um recorte espacial específico. O trabalho de campo experimental foi desenvolvido na cidade de Terra de Areia, no Litoral Norte do Rio Grande do Sul, onde diversos fluxos lentos e rápidos convivem proximamente, gerando conflitos temporais manifestados nos hábitos, gestos e sentimentos dos habitantes da localidade. / The use of the concept of time as a category of analysis in Geography is not as rare as we imagine, but neither is as reflexive or common as we would like it to be. Even more rare are the scientific works that include in an effective way the space-time dimension in geographical analysis. This research presents, therefore, a discussion about authors who discuss this perspective, in trying to build the concepts of space-time, temporality (matter and information transport speed) and spatial-temporal identity at the same time that tries to link them to the conceptual universe of Geography. Also, this research tries to demonstrate a possibility of effective use of these concepts in the analysis of a specific portion of space. The experimental field work was developed in the city of Terra de Areia, in the northern coast of Rio Grande do Sul/Brazil, where several flows with different speeds live closely, generating temporal conflicts manifested in habits, gestures and feelings of the inhabitants of the town.

Magister Economicae - MEcon / A possible effect of quantitative easing (QE) undertaken by the United States of America (USA) Federal Reserve Bank (Fed) may have been an increase in capital flowing into emerging market economies (EMEs). The 2008 global financial crisis created an environment in which traditional monetary policies – cutting policy rates – became ineffective in stimulating growth. Faced with this policy environment, several high-income countries including the USA resorted to unconventional monetary policies notably QE, to grow their economies. While QE was effective in lowering interest rates in high-income countries, some argued that investors switched to higher yielding assets, mostly EME assets. Therefore, QE is perceived to have increased capital flows into EMEs. Using a dynamic panel data model with fixed effects this mini-thesis investigates empirically whether QE worked through unobservable channels to increase gross private capital inflows to Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa (BRICS) in the period 2000-2015. The study finds evidence in support of the view that QE increased capital inflows to EMEs. The results reveal that gross private capital inflows to the BRICS increased during the QE intervention period and that the increase was higher in the first period of QE than in subsequent QE periods. The empirical results also reveal differences in the way types of capital flows responded to QE; portfolio flows, and in particular equity flows were the most responsive to QE. / 2018-12-14

Les coulées de laves sont les produits volcaniques les plus représentatifs des éruptions effusives. Elles sont formées quand le magma est extrudé et se répand à la surface de la Terre. Quand la lave arrive en surface, elle perd de la chaleur et refroidit. Le refroidissement affecte directement les propriétés rhéologiques de la lave, jusqu’à arrêter son écoulement. Les paramètres rhéologiques qui contrôlent la dynamique des coulées de laves sont la viscosité et le seuil de plasticité, qui dépendent eux-mêmes de la composition chimique, de la cristallinité et de la teneur en bulles. Il existe de nombreux modèles d’estimation de la rhéologie, la plupart développés pour les coulées de lave basaltiques et quelque uns pour les coulées de lave andésitiques. Les coulées de laves peuvent grandement affecter les régions peuplées, les infrastructures et l’environnement. Un moyen de prévoir les futurs dégâts est de développer des modèles numériques pour prévoir la propagation des coulées de laves sur des topographies volcaniques réelles. Cette méthode difficile combine la topographie, la rhéologie, la perte de chaleur et la dynamique de l’écoulement pour simuler l’emplacement d’une coulée de lave précise. Le code numérique VolcFlow, qui est basé sur une approche moyennée verticale, est capable de reproduire les caractéristiques principales des dépôts comme la morphologie, la longueur et l’épaisseur. Dans cette étude sont proposés trois modèles implémentés dans VolcFlow et ayant pour but de simuler des coulées de laves. Le premier est isotherme, le deuxième inclut le refroidissement et les variations rhéologiques associées, et le troisième prend en considération la déformation de la croûte à la surface de la coulée et son effet sur l’emplacement de la coulée. Afin de vérifier la validité des différentes approches, les modèles sont testés sur quatre cas d’étude : deux coulées de lave de composition basaltique (expérience de basalte fondu de Syracuse lava Project et la coulée de lave d’août novembre 2015 du Piton de la Fournaise, France) et deux de compositions andésitique (la coulée de lave du 4-5 décembre 2015 du Tungurahua et trois coulées de lave du Reventador, Equateur). Les résultats des simulations montrent que le modèle isotherme peut reproduire les coulées même s’il ne prend pas en compte les variations de rhéologie et le refroidissement. Le modèle incluant la cristallisation, induite par le refroidissement de la lave au cours de son écoulement, et les variations rhéologiques associées donne de très bons résultats mais est très sensible aux paramètres d’entrée, en particulier à la viscosité, elle-même très dépendante de la composition chimique et de la température. Enfin, le modèle prenant en compte le refroidissement et les variations de rhéologie par une loi synthétique sigmoïde montre une bonne cohérence dans tous les cas simulés, sauf pour le Piton de la Fournaise. Le modèle visant à simuler la formation d’une croûte à la surface de la lave et sa percée par l’écoulement sous-jacent amène uniquement à l’épaississement de la croûte. Le mécanisme de percée n’est pas reproduit avec VolcFlow. / Lava flows are the most representative volcanic products of effusive eruptions and are formed whenthe magma is extruded and flows on the surface. When lava flows reach the surface they lose heat and cool.Cooling affects directly the rheology of the lava up to a point where it cannot flow anymore. Rheologicalparameters that control the dynamics of lava flows are the viscosity and the yield strength which in turndepends on the chemical composition, crystallinity and bubble content. There exist numerous models forthe rheology estimation, mostly developed for basaltic lava flows and few for andesitic ones.Lava flows can highly affect populated areas, infrastructures and environment. A way to forecastthe future damages is to developed numerical codes of the lava propagation on real volcanic topography.This challenging method combines the topography, the rheology, the heat loss, and flow dynamics tosimulate the emplacement of a particular lava flow. The numerical code VolcFlow which is based on thedepth-averaged approach is able to reproduce the main physical characteristics of the deposits likemorphology, length and thickness. Here 3 models are proposed for their implementation in VolcFlow withthe aim to simulate lava flows. One model is isothermal, the second includes cooling and the associatedrheological variations, and the third takes into account the crust formation and its effect on the flowemplacement. To check the validity of the different approaches, the models were tested with four studycases, two with basaltic compositions (molten basalt experiment of the Syracuse lava Project and the August-November, 2015 lava flow from Piton de la Fournaise, France) and two with andesitic compositions (theDecember 4th-5th lava flow from Tungurahua, Ecuador, and three lava flows from El Reventador,Ecuador). Results of the simulations shows that the isothermal model can reproduce the flows even if itdoes not consider the cooling and rheology variation. The model that includes rheological laws as functionof crystallization induced by cooling down flow can give very good results but is very sensitive to the inputdata, in particular to the fluid viscosity that is very dependent on chemical composition and temperature.Finally, the model that includes cooling and synthetic sigmoid rheological law shows good coherence for allthe cases except at Piton de la Fournaise. The model that aims to simulate the formation of a crust on thelava flow surface, lava flowing underneath and break-out mechanisms leads to the thickening of the crust.Hence, break-out mechanism is not reproduced with VolcFlow.

Cette travail de thèse est lié au besoin de modélisation des écoulements diphasiques en générateurs de vapeur (entrée liquide et sortie vapeur). La démarche proposée consiste à faire le choix d'une modélisation hybride de l'écoulement, en scindant la phase gaz en deux champs, modélisés de manières différentes. Ainsi, les petites bulles sphériques sont modélisées avec une approche dispersée classique avec le modèle eulérien à deux fluides, et les bulles déformées sont simulées à l'aide d'une méthode de localisation d'interface.Le travail effectué porte sur la mise en place, la vérification et la validation du modèle dédié aux larges bulles déformées, ainsi que le couplage entre les deux approches pour le gaz gaz, permettant des premiers calculs de démonstration utilisant l'approche hybride complète. / The present study is related to the need of modeling the two-phase flows occuring in a steam generator (liquid at inlet and vapour at outlet). The choice is made to investigate a hybrid modeling of the flow, considering the gas phase as two separated fields, each one being modeled with different closure laws. In so doing, the small and spherical bubbles are modeled through a dispersed approach within the two-fluid model, and the distorted bubbles are simulated with an interface locating method.The main outcome is about the implementation, the verification and the validation of the model dedicated to the large and distorted bubbles, as well as the coupling of the two approaches for the gas, allowing the presentation of demonstration calculations using the so-called hybrid approach.