ALVES JUNIOR, Tadeu de Almeida. Agricultura familiar e alimentação escolar: o PNAE no Sertão Central. 2012. 108f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Programa de Pós-graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza (CE), 2012. / Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-02-20T11:04:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-TAAJUNIOR.pdf: 2306790 bytes, checksum: 062db1f344c728905db1bfcb24b3d1e3 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Márcia Araújo(marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-02-20T14:23:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-TAAJUNIOR.pdf: 2306790 bytes, checksum: 062db1f344c728905db1bfcb24b3d1e3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-02-20T14:23:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012-DIS-TAAJUNIOR.pdf: 2306790 bytes, checksum: 062db1f344c728905db1bfcb24b3d1e3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / A pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo o Programa Nacional de Alimentação – PNAE. O programa tem garantido a participação dos estados e municípios na gestão e controle dos recursos destinados à alimentação escolar. Porém, a burocracia ainda marca alguns procedimentos, sobretudo para os pequenos produtores rurais, como a dificuldade de cadastro nos programas de governo por parte dos trabalhadores devido à intensa burocracia. Levando-se em conta este panorama, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar o PNAE sob a ótica de fortalecimento e de desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar e comunitária e de segurança alimentar e nutricional. Como objetivos específicos, pretendeu-se identificar no universo da produção agrícola familiar do município de Canindé, os alimentos que podem integrar os cardápios da alimentação escolar; explicitar formas de inclusão dos pequenos produtores rurais como fornecedores do PNAE no município de Quixadá e discutir o conceito de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional - SAN e o Direito Humano à Alimentação adequada - DHAA no Sertão Cearense. Foram entrevistados os representantes das entidades públicas diretamente envolvidas com a agricultura familiar de Quixadá, além do gestor da merenda em uma escola do município e a merendeira responsável. Foi escolhido como procedimento metodológico o Estudo de Caso, ancorado nos pressupostos de Nisbett e Watt (1978), que define a metodologia do estudo de caso de forma eclética, incluindo, via de regra, observação, entrevistas, fotografias, gravações, análise de documentos e anotações de campo. Com este estudo, conclui-se que o Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar tem fortalecido a agricultura familiar na região, por propiciar maior renda e estímulo ao plantio. Dessa maneira, fortalecendo a SAN e resgatando a possibilidade de novas reflexões acerca da alimentação mais adequada. Por fim, o Biodiesel trouxe um cenário diversificado à agricultura familiar, já que o cultivo de oleoginosas está, cada vez mais, fazendo parte da dinâmica das pequenas e grandes propriedades rurais, levantando o debate sobre até que ponto o programa irá fortalecer a longo prazo à sustentabilidade das terras e da produção alimentar.

The diets of 75 two year old children, participating in the Virginia Beach WIC Program, were evaluated twice. They were analyzed using a 24 hour dietary recall (WIC 329), and again using a computer program (Nutritionist I) for RDA. Diets were examined for the nutrients calcium, protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, and iron found in the four food groups on the WIC 329. Each food group and corresponding nutrient was identified with varying degrees of success.The protein and calcium assessment were accurate. Under the conditions of this study, several recommendations can be made. The milk group heading could state that one cup of fluid milk provides 310 IU vitamin A. The vitamin A rich foods yield 6000 IU rather than 4000-5000 IU as indicated on the WIC 329. For vitamin C, only 3/4 serving is required to satisfy the RDA rather than the stated full serving. Iron values could be documented on the WIC 329 for the meat, vitamin A, vitamin C, and bread/cereal group. Iron fortified cereals, supplying at least 45% RDA, could be a separate subgroup to reflect the higher iron content. A truncated regression formula was developed to estimate nutritional status. A ceiling of 150% RDA was used to prevent skewing of nutrients. Use of the regression formula instead of the WIC 329 resulted in a 67% improvement of estimating nutritional status. / Master of Science

Because children eat better when their parents use appropriate feeding practices, this study examined WIC participation and parental knowledge about child feeding practices. A Child Feeding Questionnaire was developed to evaluate parental knowledge about these feeding practices. The questions evaluated parents' knowledge about their responsibilities and the responsibilities of their children in feeding situations, the role of parental modeling when eating, appropriate snack habits, management of dislikes/picky eating, and the use of coercive feeding practices. The directors of four WIC clinics, with clients of differing sociodemographic status, agreed to participate in the study. The questionnaire was tested with and revised following work with clients in two of the four WIC clinics. The questionnaire was then administered to 403 parents during WIC certification visits. Cronbach Alpha reliability measures indicated that the reliability of the instrument was low. Therefore, no real conclusions could be drawn from the results. However, the data analyses did suggest some possible findings that would need additional study to verify their existance. ANOVA measures indicated that increased length of WIC participation was not associated with an increase in the total number of correct responses. Parental responds suggested that the majority of respondents understood the responsibility of parents for deciding what foods to offer (88.3), and when to offer food (71.7 %), the importance of healthy snacks in the diet of children (79.4 %), the need to set a good parental example with eating (92.6 %), and the importance of exposing children to foods that the children dislike (80.1%). However, one-third of the parents did not agree or know that children should be resonsible for deciding how much to eat when foods are being offered. In addition, the majority of parents (68.7 %) indicated that it was acceptable to substitute a food for one that is disliked by children. With respect to the use of coercive feeding strategies to get children to eat, parental responses reflected that many parents (46.7 %) did not feel that the use of rewards to get children to eat was not advisable. Based on the researcher's professional knowledge that WIC staff generally provide only nutrition information related to immediate problems, it was recommended that WIC staff members who provide nutrition education might serve the participants better if the education that they provided was directed at broader nutrition issues that parents face in guiding their children to eat well. Perhaps this education will indirectly alleviate immediate nutritional needs of the individual child and prevent the occurance of other nutrition problems. This would require additional study for verification. / Department of Home Economics

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / A pesquisa tem como objeto de estudo o Programa Nacional de AlimentaÃÃo â PNAE. O programa tem garantido a participaÃÃo dos estados e municÃpios na gestÃo e controle dos recursos destinados à alimentaÃÃo escolar. PorÃm, a burocracia ainda marca alguns procedimentos, sobretudo para os pequenos produtores rurais, como a dificuldade de cadastro nos programas de governo por parte dos trabalhadores devido à intensa burocracia. Levando-se em conta este panorama, esta pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar o PNAE sob a Ãtica de fortalecimento e de desenvolvimento da agricultura familiar e comunitÃria e de seguranÃa alimentar e nutricional. Como objetivos especÃficos, pretendeu-se identificar no universo da produÃÃo agrÃcola familiar do municÃpio de CanindÃ, os alimentos que podem integrar os cardÃpios da alimentaÃÃo escolar; explicitar formas de inclusÃo dos pequenos produtores rurais como fornecedores do PNAE no municÃpio de Quixadà e discutir o conceito de SeguranÃa Alimentar e Nutricional - SAN e o Direito Humano à AlimentaÃÃo adequada - DHAA no SertÃo Cearense. Foram entrevistados os representantes das entidades pÃblicas diretamente envolvidas com a agricultura familiar de QuixadÃ, alÃm do gestor da merenda em uma escola do municÃpio e a merendeira responsÃvel. Foi escolhido como procedimento metodolÃgico o Estudo de Caso, ancorado nos pressupostos de Nisbett e Watt (1978), que define a metodologia do estudo de caso de forma eclÃtica, incluindo, via de regra, observaÃÃo, entrevistas, fotografias, gravaÃÃes, anÃlise de documentos e anotaÃÃes de campo. Com este estudo, conclui-se que o Programa Nacional de AlimentaÃÃo Escolar tem fortalecido a agricultura familiar na regiÃo, por propiciar maior renda e estÃmulo ao plantio. Dessa maneira, fortalecendo a SAN e resgatando a possibilidade de novas reflexÃes acerca da alimentaÃÃo mais adequada. Por fim, o Biodiesel trouxe um cenÃrio diversificado à agricultura familiar, jà que o cultivo de oleoginosas estÃ, cada vez mais, fazendo parte da dinÃmica das pequenas e grandes propriedades rurais, levantando o debate sobre atà que ponto o programa irà fortalecer a longo prazo à sustentabilidade das terras e da produÃÃo alimentar.

This study was conducted to determine the impact of nutrition edu cation on participants of the Supplemental Food Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) and the Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program (EFNEP). The specific objectives were to: 1) determine the impact of participation in EFNEP on iron status as assessed by hematocrit (hct) and ferritin levels; 2) determine the effect of nutrition knowledge on hct and ferritin values; and 3) determine the effect dietary behavior has on hct and ferritin levels for both WIC and EFNEP participants. Each study participant completed a 24-hour dietary recall record plus food frequency record, medical history, validated nutrition knowledge test, and finger stick blood sample prior to program enrollment or nutrition education, and again six months later. There were 42 WIC, 26 EFNEP, 23 WIC-control, and 23 EFNEP-control participants. Paired t-tests were used to find differences between preprogram and postprogram evaluation scores for the variables of nutrition knowledge score, hematocrit level, ferritin level, and levels of several nutrients. Nutrition knowledge test scores increased significantly from preprogram to postprogram for both WIC and EFNEP participants (14.2 ± 3.27 to 15.5 ± 2.89 for WIC, 14.2 ± 3.77 to 15.6 ± 2.79 for EFNEP). EFNEP participants also increased significantly in hct levels (38.5% ± 3.78 to 40.7% ± 2.13). Hematocrit levels did not change significantly for the WIC or control groups and nutrition knowledge did not increase for the control group between preprogram and postprogram evaluations. Mean intakes of vitamin A, vitamin c, calcium, and protein were above the RDA at preprogram and postprogram evaluations, yet the percentage of individual participants who consumed less than 67% of the RDA in this study was higher than in the continuing survey of Food Intake of Individuals - 1985. Improvement in nutrient intake at postprogram evaluations was encouraging. Regression analysis indicated that nutrition education classes in college, income level, and level of formal education each had a positive effect on nutrient intake and nutrition knowledge.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-08T16:55:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 123340.pdf: 1787570 bytes, checksum: 030310b485aafb12a4961183b7b783a6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research analyses the experiences of the family famers in the Northeast of Santa Catarina, their interaction with nutrition professionals and their participation in the current educational food program policy, which was defined by the Federal Law number 11.947/2009, and that relates to the supplying needs of the Municipal School System of the city of Joinville, Santa Catarina. This law predicts that at least 30% of the resources existent in the National Development of Education Fund, destined to the educational food program, are reverted to family agriculture. This study analyses how family farmers from Joinville and Garuva take part in this policy and the main challenges and limits that they face in this context, making the privileged focus their representations. To achieve the proposed objectives qualitative research methods were used, mainly semi-structured interviews, focal group, appointments in the field diary, documental research and theoretical references. The treatment of data was made through content analysis. The subjects of research are the family farmers associated to the Agricultural Environmental Farmers Cooperative of the Region and the Agriculture and Livestock Farmers Cooperative - Conquista, two cooperatives that operate in the area with distinct characteristics: one, organized by farmers from Joinville; the other, from Garuva, assembles families who were settled after the Brazilian land reform, linked to the MST (Landless People Movement). The field research was developed in the period of July to December, 2014. The conclusions point out that the vaunted quality of the food production predicted in the law is relative since it competes with the majority of the conventional production which uses synthetic pesticides. The non existence of a pre-established calendar for the opening of public biddings (public calls) also affects the farmers´ planning, damaging the stability that the institutional purchases could offer. Among the food products demanded by the public biddings, the presence of many products produced out of the region was found (contradicting the objectives of the National Food Program), as well as the existence of many products produced by big cooperatives or companies. Among the positive aspects, the guarantee can be highlighted even though if relative of the production flow, the relative satisfaction of the farmers and the social acknowledgement of their activity. / Este trabalho de pesquisa analisa as experiências dos agricultores familiares no nordeste catarinense, sua interação com os profissionais da nutrição e a participação na política atual de alimentação escolar, definida pela Lei Federal 11.947/2009, e que se relaciona ao abastecimento da Rede Municipal de Ensino de Joinville. Esta lei prevê que, no mínimo, 30% dos recursos do Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação, destinados à alimentação escolar, sejam revertidos à agricultura familiar. Analisa como os agricultores de Joinville e Garuva participam desta política e os principais desafios e limites que enfrentam neste contexto, tendo por foco privilegiado as suas representações. Para alcançar os objetivos propostos, utilizaram-se métodos qualitativos de pesquisa, prioritariamente entrevistas semiestruturadas, grupo focal, anotações em diário de campo, pesquisa documental e referencial teórico. O tratamento de dados foi feito por análise de conteúdo. Os agricultores pesquisados são associados à Cooperativa dos Produtores Agroecológicos de Joinville e Região e à Cooperativa de Produção Agropecuária Conquista, que atuam na área com características distintas: uma, organizada por agricultores de Joinville; outra, de Garuva, reúne famílias de assentados da reforma agrária ligados ao Movimento dos Sem-Terra. A pesquisa de campo foi desenvolvida no período de julho a dezembro de 2014. As conclusões indicam que a propalada qualidade dos alimentos prevista no marco regulatório é relativa, pois concorre com o predomínio da produção convencional, com uso de defensivos sintéticos. A falta de um calendário fixo para a realização da chamada pública também dificulta o planejamento dos agricultores, prejudicando a estabilidade que as compras institucionais poderiam oferecer. Entre os gêneros alimentícios demandados pelas chamadas públicas, constatou-se a presença de muitos produtos produzidos fora da região (contrariando os objetivos do programa), bem como a existência de muitos alimentos produzidos por grandes cooperativas ou empresas. Entre os aspectos positivos, destacam-se a garantia, ainda que relativa, do escoamento da produção, a relativa satisfação dos agricultores e o reconhecimento social de sua atividade.

Syftet med den här studien är att granska styrdokument som berör den svenska skol- och måltidsverksamheten samt undersöka förutsättningarna för lärare och pedagoger att utifrån dokumentens visioner lära ut ämnet mat och miljö till skolelever. Fokus för denna studie har varit att jämföra hur statliga styrdokument faktiskt är applicerbara på barns beteende och upplevda verklighet samt vilka faktorer som är avgörande för utfallet.Valda metoder i studien är observation och tematisk analys. Totalt har tre styrdokument valts ut och analyserats. Utöver dokumentanalys har tre observationer genomförts på tre olika grupper som alla är elever i årskurs fyra. Utifrån studiens syfte har det insamlade datamaterialet analyserats med hjälp av tematisk analys.Resultatet visar att det finns en svårighet i att barn inte upplever verkligheten på ett liknande sätt som ansvariga tjänstemän som formulerar styrdokumenten gör. Hur skoleleverna faktiskt upplever sin vardag, sina åsikter och sina prioriteringar stämmer inte överens med visionerna i dokumenten. Arbetet med att fylla utrymmet mellan visioner och verklighet landar på pedagoger och lärare som spelar en avgörande roll. / The purpose of this study is to examine the governing documents that are related to the Swedish schooling and it’s food program and to investigate the conditions for teachers and educators to teach food and environment topics to students based on the documents vision. The focus of this study has been to compare how government control documents are actually applicable to childrens perceived reality as well as which factors are decisive for the outcome.Selected methods in the study are observation and thematic analysis. In total, three control document rolls have been selected and analyzed. In addition to document analysis, three observations have been made on different groups, all of whom are students in grade four. Based on the purpose of the study, the collected data material was analyzed using thematic analysis.The result shows that there is a difficulty in the fact that children does not experience reality in a similar way as the responsible officials who formulate the steering documents does. How school students actually experience their everyday lives, their opinions and their priorities does not match with the visions in the documents. The work of filling the space between visions and reality lands on educators and teachers who play and play a crucial role.

BACKGROUND: Households experiencing "food insecurity" have limited access to food due to a lack of money or resources. Poor nutrition, from food insecurity, can impact physical and cognitive development of children. Study objectives were to document the prevalence of Tennessee child care programs screening for food insecurity, explore differences between programs receiving child and adult care food program (CACFP) funding and those screening for food insecurity, and understand possible burdens food insecurity places on child care families as perceived by child care program directors. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study of licensed Tennessee child care programs, a 10-question survey and four-question follow-up survey were electronically distributed. Analysis included descriptive statistics, a chi-square of programs receiving CACFP funds and screening for food insecurity, and themes analysis of open-ended responses. RESULTS: The average child care program enrollment (N = 272) was 80.16 with programs serving mostly preschoolers (98.53%) and toddlers (91.91%). Over half (56.99%) of programs reported they received CACFP funding, yet only 9.19% screen for food insecurity. Chi-square analysis found that programs receiving CACFP funds differ significantly on whether they screen households for food insecurity [Formula: see text] (1, n = 237) = 16.93, p ≤ 0.001. Themes analysis (n = 41) revealed that many child care program directors do not view food insecurity as a burden for families. CONCLUSIONS: Child care programs receiving CACFP funds are more likely to screen families for food insecurity than programs who do not. Programs indicate a willingness to include food insecurity screening questions on child care paperwork.

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