The housing foreclosure crisis of 2007-2010 in the United States disproportionately affected persons of color. Some states, such as Florida, were heavily impacted by property value losses, yet there has been little research since about the experience of losing a home and recovering from that loss from the perspective of the homeowner. Using Carlson's conceptualization of resiliency theory, the purpose of this phenomenological study was to assess the impact of housing foreclosure and the experience of recovery from foreclosure on Black and Hispanic people in Lee County, Florida. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with 15 people in Lee County who experienced foreclosure and recovery. Interview data were inductively coded and then subjected to a thematic analysis procedure. Findings revealed that a common experience among participants was that they lacked knowledge about government programs that may have helped them avoid foreclosure, and only a few participants took advantage of emergency assistance offered through local or regional government organizations. In general, people experienced a sense of isolation and had little guidance on recovery options. The positive social change implications of this study include recommendations to government organizations on all levels to enhance outreach efforts to help struggling families avoid foreclosure, including considering creative funding mechanisms to offer assistance.

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The recent financial crisis which has beset the United States has made itself felt in a number of ways, not the least of which has been its adverse effect on the housing market. As foreclosure percentages accelerated, increasing numbers of properties across the country became empty and abandoned, leaving a visible imprint of deterioration in neighborhoods that were significantly affected. Initial GIS analysis of both foreclosed and non-foreclosed residential land in Broward County Florida was conducted, showing that there is a discernible spectral difference in the lawn space of these two types of properties, with foreclosed properties exhibiting more brownness, or loss of green space. In order to evaluate whether or not this visible deterioration has had an effect on residents left behind in areas of foreclosure and their own habits, 950 mail-in surveys were distributed throughout 19 different census tracts in Broward County, inquiring about demographics, surrounding foreclosures, degrees of concern for home value and appearance, and changes in lawn maintenance since the foreclosure crisis along with reasons for such change if such exists. Data received from respondents was then analyzed in order to identify any attributes or correlations which might contribute to further neighborhood change, and how any of these factors might be affecting attitudes or perceptions of those left behind, as well as their lawn maintenance habits. / by Cindy M. Shaw. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study is an interpretative phenomenological analysis that explored the meanings homeowners associated with their lived experience of foreclosure. In the wake of the 2006 housing crash and 2008 Great Recession, questions have been posed about the continued efficacy of homeownership as an asset-based strategy. In addition, the conversation has been dominated by traditional economic and business interests. Discussions about housing policy and foreclosure response have marginalized the voice of vulnerable populations. The literature on housing policy reflects a positivist perspective that privileges analysis of unit production, economic costs and benefits. Secondary attention is given to exploring housing and foreclosure from a critical and constructivist standpoint. Consequently, this study intentionally engaged people who have experienced foreclosure. Depth and meaning were uncovered through interpretative phenomenological analysis. A purposive sample of five homeowners who experienced foreclosure was identified. The five homeowners participated in semi-structured interview. Transcribed interviews were analyzed using the six-step process articulated for interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA). IPA combines three philosophical foundations—phenomenology, hermeneutics, and idiography—to approach qualitative and experiential research. The findings of this study discovered that foreclosure represents disconnection for the participants. Specifically, due to experiencing foreclosure, participants felt separated from their self-identity, from housing finance literacy, from their relationship with their mortgage lender and servicers, from the benefits of homeownership and from self-sufficiency due to their social service-based, helping-based, and/or low-wage employment. Study findings both affirm and challenge relevant theoretical frameworks. In addition, this research underscores the need for social work education to address financial literacy. Further, social work practitioners should be prepared to either provide or refer consumers to home-buyer education and training. Social workers should also challenge exploitative consumer practices and offer empowering alternatives in their place. Lastly, this research offers strategies and practices to strengthen housing policy and foreclosure response for the benefit of consumers.

Thesis (LLD)--Stellenbosch University, 2012. / Includes bibliography / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The forced transfer of immovable property to enforce judgment debts by way of sale in execution has constitutional implications. Firstly, if the property is residential, section 26 of the Constitution (the housing clause) raises the question whether the current legal framework takes sufficient account of the imperative to respect people‟s access to adequate housing. Read with section 36 (the limitation clause), the requirement is that someone‟s home may only be violated if the result is proportionate based on all the relevant circumstances. Secondly, since the home qualifies as “property” for purposes of the section 25 (the property clause), the law that regulates this forced sale may not permit the arbitrary deprivation of property. In other words, it is necessary to also investigate whether the sale in execution of debtors‟ property satisfies the section 25(1) non-arbitrariness test. Therefore, the research problem that this dissertation addresses revolves around the implications of sections 25 and 26 of the Constitution for the “normal” sale-in-execution process. More specifically, the scope of the investigation is limited to forced transfers of residential property as a result of mortgage foreclosure. What makes this perspective interesting is that, in addition to the debtor‟s constitutional rights, the creditor also enjoys constitutional protection by virtue of the limited real right (the mortgage) that is registered over the debtor‟s home. This real security right is also “property” that is worthy of recognition under section 25. To the extent that the National Credit Act places obstacles in the way of creditors‟ right to enforce their debts, this interference may also amount to a deprivation of property, which must satisfy the requirements of the property clause. This dissertation shows that the traditional common law framework of mortgage foreclosure does not give full effect to debtors‟ sections 25 and 26 rights. Nevertheless, based on the subsidiarity principles, I argue that a development of the common law or the creation of unique constitutional defences is not called for. The reason for this submission is that the debt relief mechanisms of the National Credit Act already provide constitutionally appropriate relief for debtors who face the loss of their properties. The available mechanisms – including debt review, debt rearrangement and the right to reinstate credit agreements – are aimed at resolving the root of mortgage foreclosure, namely over-indebtedness. This approach will ensure that mortgage foreclosures have a constitutionally valid and proportionate effect on the rights of both parties to the mortgage relationship. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die afdwinging van vonnisskulde by wyse van die verkoop in eksekusie van onroerende eiendom is ‟n gedwonge oordrag van eiendom met grondwetlike implikasies. Eerstens, waar die eiendom residensieël is, verg artikel 26 van die Grondwet (die behuisingsklousule) dat die huidige regsraamwerk voldoende rekenskap sal gee van die opdrag om mense se toegang tot geskikte behuising te respekteer. Saamgelees met artikel 36 (die beperkingsklousule), mag daar slegs op iemand se reg van toegang tot behuising inbreuk gemaak word indien die impak regverdigbaar is met inagneming van al die relevante omstandighede. Tweedens, aangesien die huis kwalifiseer as “eiendom” vir doeleindes van artikel 25 (die eiendomsklousule), mag die regsreëls wat eksekusieverkope reguleer nie arbitrêre ontnemings van eiendom toelaat nie. Met ander woorde, dit is nodig om ondersoek in te stel of die verkoop in eksekusie van skuldenaars se wonings aan artikel 25(1) se nie-arbitrêrheidstoets voldoen. Die navorsingsprobleem behels dus die implikasies van artikels 25 en 26 van die Grondwet vir die “normale” verkoop-in-eksekusie proses. Die omvang van die ondersoek is spesifiek beperk tot oordragte van residensiële eiendom as gevolg van die oproep van verbande. Wat hierdie perspektief verder interessant maak, tesame met die feit dat skuldenaars grondwetlike regte het, is die feit dat skuldeisers ook grondwetlike beskerming geniet ten aansien van die beperkte saaklike reg (die verband) wat geregistreer is oor die skuldenaar se huis. Hierdie saaklike sekerheidsreg is ook “eiendom” wat erkenning verdien in terme van artikel 25. Vir sover as wat skuldeisers se vermoë om hul skulde af te dwing deur die Nasionale Kredietwet aan bande gelê word, mag hierdie beperkinge moontlik ook op ‟n ontneming van eiendom neerkom. Gevolglik moet hierdie skuldverligtingsmeganismes ook aan die vereistes van die eiendomsklousule voldoen. Hierdie proefskrif wys daarop dat die tradisionele gemeenregtelike raamwerk vir die oproep van verbande nie ten volle effek gee aan skuldenaars se regte onder artikels 25 en 26 nie. Nietemin, met beroep op die subsidiariteitsbeginsels argumenteer ek dat ‟n ontwikkeling van die gemenereg of die skep van unieke grondwetlike remedies nie in hierdie konteks toelaatbaar is nie. Die rede hiervoor is dat die Nasionale Kredietwet se skuldverligtingsmeganismes reeds voorsiening maak vir grondwetlik aanvaarbare verligting vir skuldenaars wat deur die moontlike verlies van hul eiendomme in die gesig gestaar word. Die beskikbare maatreëls – insluitend skuldhersiening, skuldherstrukturering en die reg om kredietooreenkomste te laat herleef – is gemik daarop om die oorsaak van verbandoproeping aan te spreek, naamlik oorverskuldigdheid. Hierdie benadering sal verseker dat die oproep van verbande ‟n grondwetlik geldige en proporsionele effek op die regte van beide partye het. / South African Research Chair in Property Law / National Research Foundation / Ciucci Bursary

近年來銀行逾期放款總額劇增，連帶使銀行產生處理龐大不動產擔保品之難題。本文目的希望能幫助銀行事先對擔保品進行分類並選擇適當處理方式，以減輕銀行處理不良資產擔保品之損失。文中以法拍屋個案財務分析模擬方式之結果將擔保品分成三類：一為二拍前拍定者，此類擔保品仍可採法拍處理；另一為第三拍拍定者，此類擔保品銀行可改採銀行自行委託拍賣處理；最後為四拍後拍定者，則可考慮讓售給資產管理公司處理。 實證結果發現，二拍前拍定擔保品之特徵屬性傾向較顯著者為有增建使用，建物持分面積為中坪數者，或建物類型為普通公寓，或位於市區，或有可點交之屬性者。第三拍拍定擔保品之特徵屬性傾向為位於五樓以上，或位於郊區，或有較多競標者參與。四拍後拍定之擔保品特徵屬性傾向為位於一樓，或有多層或多號使用情形，或建物持分面積為小坪數者，或建物類型為一般大廈，或位於舊市區，或有不可點交之屬性者。因此未來銀行可對不良資產依特徵屬性分類後，再採適當方式處理，較能減少損失並達成促進資金流通與健全金融機構之目標。 關鍵字：不良資產、資產管理、法拍屋、銀行拍賣 / Recently, the non-performing loans have become serious problems due to the trouble of the real estate collaterals faced by the financial institutions. This research aims on helping the banks to deal with the collaterals and reduce the loss of banks. According to the financial simulation, the collaterals are divided into three groups: 1.for the collaterals sold before the second bid, the financial institutions could take the way of legal auctions.2.for the collateral sold on the third bid , the financial institutions could take auction by themselves.S.for the collateral sold after the special bid, the financial institutions may consider to sell the AMC. From the empirical result, we found that the obvious characters of the collaterals sold before the second bid include EXFL, MBUSPACE, INCITY, and GIVE. The characters of the collaterals sold on the third bid include UPFL, rural areas, and more bids. The characters of the collaterals sold after the special bid include SBUSPACE, API 2, OLDCITY, and without GIVE. Thus, in the future, the collaterals could be separated by the above three categories and the financial institutions can make the better decision to reduce the loss so that the internal economics structure is well established. Keywords: collateral ' AMC ' foreclosure ' auction

This research report presents a pilot study exploring the possibility of applying a Lacanian clinical methodology for analyzing unconscious dynamics in extra-analytic material. This research initially investigates the legitimacy and utility of this endeavour, followed by immersion in Lacanian thinking and the subsequent selection of potentially relevant data sets; samples of extra-analytic textual material. As this stage a recursive interaction between reading Lacanian theory and reflecting on the text is enacted. Five Lacanian concepts are identified (mirror phase, the three orders of the imaginary, the symbolic and the real, as well as the paternal agency). Although these concepts are, in process inextricable from another, they are presented as though discrete entities given that this allows for the foregrounding of different aspects in the process. The interaction between these concepts is considered with respect to Lacan‟s requirement in clinical practice of a tentative preliminary diagnosis of the patient into one of three diagnostic categories; perversion, neurosis and psychosis. Consequently, in a step that mirrors the clinical process, the textual subject of the data sets is tentatively classified as a (Lacanian) psychotic whose characteristic psychic structure is constituted out of foreclosure. Ways of discerning this structure in textual matter outside of the analytic setting are then considered. Four ways are proposed here. These are the unified or unbounded use of personal pronouns; evidence of thinking towards resolution or disintegration; denial or tolerance of difference and fourthly, the manifestation of regressive or libidinal speech actions. These four provide the basis for approaching the analysis of the selected data sets, which consist of carefully selected instances of Jacob Zuma‟s ostensibly unscripted public utterances. It is proposed that the four ways identified can be used in the analysis of other extra-analytic material.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T13:30:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Leonardo Zanelli Pereti.pdf: 835412 bytes, checksum: e6b61ad819a5088663cdd1626a820134 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-07-01 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The present research intends to construct the concept of the psychotic subject up to the Seminar III The psychoses (1955-1959) of Jacques Lacan, French psychoanalyst who proposed a new way to think the subject matter. As notorious follower of Freud, Lacan started from the progress and impasse made by the psychoanalysis creator in this field. Freud's main contribution is on thinking that the psychosis is not only a pathology and that it is another way of psychic organization. Nevertheless, Freud did not idealize a clinical treatment for the psychoses, but he did not desist from producing a theory about the issue, in private on some articles and on his study about the book Memoirs of My ervous Illness by Daniel Schreber. Lacan, still affiliated with psychiatry, on his doctoral thesis On Paranoia and Its Relationship to Personality (1932), starts from the concept that there would be a human sense in psychosis which had been left aside by the psychiatry and that it would be necessary to retake this concept, thinking the psychogenesis dimension of paranoia symptoms. Affiliated with psychoanalysis, Lacan formulates the hypothesis that in psychosis there would be a foreclosure of a primordial signifier, what would lead to another organization of the symbolic register. Based on Freud and searching for the human sense, Lacan brought from the surrealistic movement and from philosophy, that the dimension of the subject in psychosis is the bet which allows it to be seen over and above psychiatric dungeons. Finally, we propose that the movements of effort for the inclusion of the psychotic should take into account the dimension of the subject in psychosis, because they should participate actively in their treatment. Therefore, the exit would be to think the dimension of the subject and its particularity in the case of psychosis, after all he made his choice for this structure. We concluded, herewith, that retaking these psychosis theory fundamental concepts allows a contribution to the efforts for social inclusion of the psychotic subject / A presente pesquisa pretende fazer a construção do conceito de sujeito psicótico até o seminário III As psicoses (1955-1956) de Jacques Lacan, psicanalista francês que propôs uma nova forma de pensar a questão do sujeito. Como notório seguidor de Freud, Lacan partiu dos avanços e dos impasses que o criador da psicanálise fez nesse campo. A principal contribuição de Freud está em pensar que a psicose não é apenas uma patologia e sim outra forma de organização psíquica. Porém, Freud não idealizou um tratamento clínico para as psicoses, mas não deixou de produzir uma teoria sobre o assunto, em particular em alguns artigos e no seu estudo sobre o livro Memórias de um Doente dos ervos de Daniel Schreber. Lacan, ainda filiado à psiquiatria, em sua tese de doutorado Da psicose paranoica em suas relações com a Personalidade (1932), parte de uma concepção de que haveria na psicose um sentido humano que a psiquiatria havia deixado de lado e que seria necessário retomar essa concepção, pensando a dimensão da psicogênese dos sintomas da paranoia. Filiado a psicanálise, Lacan formula a hipótese que na psicose haveria uma foraclusão de um significante primordial, que provocaria uma outra organização do registro simbólico. Apoiado em Freud e na busca do sentido humano, que Lacan trouxe do movimento surrealista e da filosofia, a dimensão do sujeito na psicose é a aposta que permite enxergá-la além dos calabouços psiquiátricos. Finalmente, propomos que os movimentos de luta de inclusão do psicótico deva levar em conta a dimensão do sujeito na psicose, pois esses devem participar ativamente do seu tratamento. Para tal, a saída seria pensar a dimensão do sujeito, e sua particularidade no caso da psicose, afinal ele fez sua escolha por essa estrutura. Concluímos, com isso, que a retomada desses conceitos fundamentais da teoria da psicose permite uma contribuição às lutas de inclusão social do sujeito psicótico

Essay 1: An Examination of the Efficiency, Foreclosure, and Collusion Rationales for Vertical Takeovers We investigate the efficiency, foreclosure, and collusion rationales for vertical integration using a large sample of vertical takeovers. The efficiency rationale posits that vertical integration prevents future holdup between non-integrated suppliers and customers. In contrast, the foreclosure and collusion rationales suggest that vertical integration harms competition. To distinguish between these hypotheses, we examine the wealth effects of the merging firms, acquirer rivals, target rivals, and corporate customers on announcement of vertical takeovers. Our univariate and cross-sectional results suggest that firms alter their vertical boundaries in a manner that is consistent with the efficiency rationale. Our tests do not find evidence supportive of the anti-competitive rationales for vertical integration. Essay 2: Determinants of Firm Vertical Boundaries and Implications for Internal Capital Markets In this paper, we investigate the determinants of vertical relatedness between business segments of multi-segment firms and how vertical relatedness affects the internal allocation of capital. Consistent with theory, we observe a higher degree of vertical relatedness between segments in environments likely to involve contracting problems. Further, there is a greater tendency for investments to flow towards segments with better investment opportunities as the degree of vertical relatedness between business segments in the firm increases. This indicates that internal capital markets function better in the presence of significant vertical relatedness between segments. This finding supports the Stein (1997) model, which suggests that the headquarters is able to do a better job of “winner-picking” when firms operate in related lines of businesses.

Book Review of Fighting Foreclosure: The Blaisdell Case, The Contract Clause, and the Great Depression by John A. Fliter and Derek S. Hoff. University Press of Kansas. 2012. 224 pages. Cloth $34.95 ISBN: 978-0-7006-1871-2. Paper $19.95 ISBN 978-0-7006-1872-9.