法拍屋市場已成為台灣重要的購屋管道之一，然而房地產為異質商品，其價格受到品質差異的影響很大。其中法拍屋底價的訂定方式和一般房屋不同：拍賣底價由公定房屋估價人員根據區域資料使用特徵價格理論方法先訂出初估價格，再與債權人、債務人三方協商討論而訂定。故本論文加入「定價偏誤」因子，以特徵價格模型探究民國八十九年至九十一年間影響台北縣市法拍屋拍定價格的各項因素及影響程度，並得出如下之結論: 1.影響台北縣市法拍屋拍定價格的顯著因子及影響幅度為:定價折價程度(影響幅度0.9798%)、總建物面積(影響幅度0.4709%)、土地持分價格(影響幅度0.4838%)、拍次(隱含價格-17.0308萬元)、競標人數(隱含價格7.611萬元)、房屋現況(非空屋)(隱含價格-18.950萬元)、房屋現況(出租)(隱含價格40.501萬元)、車位(隱含價格80.772萬元)、點交(隱含價格8.8073萬元)、建材(隱含價格69.748萬元)、建物型態(一樓) (隱含價格648.856萬元)、建物型態(大樓) (隱含價格674.94萬元)、建物型態(公寓) (隱含價格464.385萬元)、建物型態(透天) (隱含價格516.971萬元)、房價指數(隱含價格-8.888萬元)、區位變數(台北市) (隱含價格80.429萬元)。 2.分別比較台北縣市法拍屋資料，可以發現持分土地價格(+)、競標人數(+)、車位有無(+)、是否點交(+)對台北市法拍屋拍定價格影響較大;而總建物面積(+)、拍次(-)、建材(+)、建物型態、房價指數(-)對台北縣拍交價格影響則較大。 / Real estate properties are real assets that can produce goods and service in the economy. Among them, the foreclosure market has become an imperative means to acquiring a house. The auction market in Taiwan is composed of non-performing assets. They’ll have a discount up to 20% in every action. Is this a really good target to invest? In fact, houses are heterogeneity assets; they can only be estimated correctly by controlling of variables such as location variables and the physical condition of the property. Moreover, the listing price of foreclosure is quite different from that of an ordinary house. It is first calculated by appraisers, and the final listing price is obtained by the negotiation of the court, creditor and debtor. Thus, there could be mispricing of list price, and this mispricing is expected to have an impact on the selling price. This study applies Hedonic model and uses data from year 2000 to 2002 of Taipei City and Taipei County to examine the effect of these physical and foreclosure elements on the selling price of foreclosure and thus reach the following conclusions: 1.All the foreclosure and physical condition variables are remarkable in our sample, as well as the location variable. They are degree of underpricing, total building area, holding land price, the bid times, numbers of bidders, current status of this building, parking space, situation of handing over item by item, building material, object type, housing price index and location. 2.It shows that holding land price(+),numbers of bidders(+),parking space(+),situation of handing over item by item(+) have greater influence on the foreclosure selling price in Taipei city while total area(+),number of auctions(-), material used(+),object type, and housing price index(-) weight more on the selling price in Taipei county.

Doctor of Philosophy / Economics / Yang M. Chang / This dissertation comprises of three essays in industrial economics. My first essay analyzes social efficiency of entry into a downstream oligopoly of a vertical market structure, where an upstream supplier sells an essential input to all firms producing downstream. In the downstream markets, a multiproduct firm is both a monopoly in its own product and a leader in a different product market with free entry of followers. We show that in the presence of scale economies, entry is socially insufficient. The insufficiency of entry is due to the fact that entry generates a business-creating effect significantly large enough to dominate a business-stealing effect, regardless of whether the upstream supplier's input pricing strategy is discriminatory or uniform. This suggests that entry regulation as a public policy is socially undesirable in the downstream oligopoly of a vertical market structure. My second essay examines differences in welfare implications between discriminatory and uniform input price regimes in vertically related markets where a multiproduct firm operates downstream in two separate markets: one is a monopoly and the other is an oligopoly with entry of new firms. In the analysis, we analyze how the downstream entry into the oligopolistic market affects social efficiency. In an open economy, whether the input price regime is discriminatory or uniform, entry is always socially excessive in the presence of scale economies. This contrasts with the existing studies in the literature that entry is always socially insufficient in an open economy with the presence of scale economies. Focusing on the scenario where vertically integrated producer (VIP) adopts a non-foreclosure strategy, my third essay shows that downstream entry is socially insufficient despite scale economies and the marginal cost difference between the VIP and its retail competitors. The non-foreclosure equilibrium arises when the VIP's wholesale profit from the sales of an essential input is sufficiently large and the VIP shares the profit with its downstream competitors. For the case of an open economy where the VIP is a foreign firm, downstream entry continues to be socially insufficient. Entry regulation is therefore socially undesirable, but a production subsidy encouraging downstream entry is shown to be a welfare-improving policy.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-03-27T10:41:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 924488 bytes, checksum: 32ccbaf3c96489184f6f4926f7e390c3 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-27T10:41:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 924488 bytes, checksum: 32ccbaf3c96489184f6f4926f7e390c3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-07-18 / This dissertation work sought, through the distinctive language of paranoia, a dialogue between the language on psychoanalysis and the language on linguistics. For do this, emphasized the saussurian concepts were important to comprehend the core theme of the subject of a foreign language as absolut, associative relations, syntagmatic, significant language as the social part of language and speech as the distinctiveness of being verbose. Was made a counterpoint to these concepts to the Lacan‘s theory – the unconscious is structured like a language – that identifies the highest primacy the clinic with symbolic as wel as the Lacan‘s last teaching, which speculates about the lalangue, the language of the unconscious. From the delirium, from the perspective of psychoanalysis, was tried to comprehend the constitution of language assomethig external to the subject, and what the outline made by paranoid to do short excursions on their social connections, what is the status of invention and how it‘s thought, being based on saussurean linguistics. / Esta dissertação buscou, através da linguagem particular da paranoia, um diálogo entre a linguagem na psicanálise e a linguagem na linguística. Para isso, enfatizou os conceitos saussurianos que foram importantes para uma compreensão do tema central O sujeito de uma língua estrangeira como arbitrariedade, relações associativas, sintagmáticas, significante, língua como a parte social da linguagem e fala como a particularidade do ser falante. Foi feito a esses conceitos um contraponto com a teoria de Lacan - o inconsciente é estruturado como uma linguagem - máxima que identifica a clínica com primazia no simbólico, como também a clínica do último ensino de Lacan, onde teoriza sobre a lalangue, língua do inconsciente. A partir do delírio, sob a ótica da psicanálise, procurou-se compreender a constituição da língua como algo exterior ao sujeito, e qual o contorno feito pelo paranoico para fazer suas pequenas excursões sobre os laços sociais, qual o estatuto desta invenção e como ela é pensada, tendo base a linguística saussuriana.

Dentre os personagens históricos ligados à execução, o curator bonorum é talvez o mais desconhecido, ou o menos estudado. Mas esse aparente \"desinteresse\" acerca da figura é incompatível com sua importância. Diversos são os textos doutrinários que apontam o curator como o antecessor histórico do síndico da falência, no direito anterior, e, nos dias atuais, do administrador judicial. No presente trabalho, apresenta-se a trajetória do curator bonorum e a influência que a curadoria teve no desenvolvimento dos meios de execução. Abordam-se, nesse sentido, a visão peculiar do romano sobre seu patrimônio, a importância da formação dos fundos de propriedade e os antecedentes da execução patrimonial. Demonstra-se também que o procedimento da bonorum venditio, costumeiramente ligado ao período clássico do direito romano, não foi exatamente substituído pela bonorum distractio, pois esta fazia, de certa forma, parte daquela. Com isso se procura comprovar que a atuação do curator, especialmente a que tinha por fim evitar a ruína do devedor, modificou os rumos da execução e do concurso de credores, inclusive de como se os conhecem ainda hoje. Em proposição aparentemente inédita, demonstrar-se-á que a mudança de enfoque dos modelos executivos posteriores às implicações de cunho fisico contra a pessoa, pelos quais se deixou de buscar a totalidade do patrimônio e se passou a preferir a alienação apenas de quanto fosse necessário ao pagamento do débito, está intrinsecamente ligada à atuação do curador do patrimônio. o trabalho se divide em três partes: na primeira, analisa-se o momento histórico da suposta origem do curator bonorum e os primórdios da execução patrimonial; na segunda, o âmbito de atuação e as características do curador; por fim, na terceira e última parte, estuda-se a evolução da figura até o âmbito do Direito Justinianeu. Apresenta-se, também, em apêndice, singela contribuição ao direito moderno. / Among the historical figures associated with bankruptcy, the curator bonorum is perhaps the most unknown, or the least studied. But this apparent indifference about the figure is not compatible with its importance, for there are several doctrinal texts that indicate the curator as the historical predecessor of the trustee in bankruptcy. In this paper, the trajectory of the curator bonorum and the influence that its actions had on the development of means of foreclosure are presented. It addresses, in this sense, the peculiar vision of the Roman about his estate, the importance of property funds, and the background of bankruptcy proceedings. It is also demonstrated that the bonorum venditio procedure, usually connected to the classical period of Roman law, was not exactly replaced by bonorum distractio, as this was, somehow, part of that. The paper also seeks to show that the performance of the curator, especially the one that was to prevent the ruin of the debtor, changed the course of bankruptcy proceedings and concurrent creditors, including how they are known nowadays. In an apparently unprecedented proposition a change of focus from the executive models will be shown, for which the fact that they no longer get the entire assets of the debtor, and happened to prefer a sale of just what was needed so the debt could be paid, is intrinsically linked to the work of the curator bonorum. The paper is divided in three parts: in the first the historical moment of the supposed origin of the curator bonorum and the beginnings of foreclosure are analyzed; in the second, the scope of acting and features of the curator. Finally in the third and final part, the evolution of the figure to the right under Justinian is studied. In Appendix, a simple contribution to modern law is presented.

This Ph.D. thesis deals with questions related to the housing market, and answers the questions: "Does it matter if housing markets are underpriced?" and "How do the legal system and the loan contract affect those who default on their mortgage payments? "When selling a home, a popular marketing strategy is to set the list price far below market value. The idea is that a low list price will attract loads of buyers, who will push up the sale price. This thesis finds that a voluntary reform can reduce underpricing in the short run. Further, underpriced housing markets do indeed require more attention from potential buyers during all stages — online, at open houses, and during the bidding. This extra search effort is costly to society. However, underpricing is found not to affect the sale price, the time to sell, who the buyers are, or how hard the real estate agent works. The household's choice to default on a mortgage depends on the cost of the default (the legal system) and the mortgage contract. By studying a heterogeneous agent consumption/savings lifecycle model, this thesis finds that households prefer "lender friendly" laws that are costly for the homeowners upon default. This is because costly defaults yield fewer defaulters and thus lower interest rates, and thus are cheaper for non-defaulters. Households always prefer non-amortizing mortgages except when defaults do not have any cost associated with them, and they prefer adjustable rates over fixed rates. The benefits of costly defaults are particularly large for non-amortizing mortgages. The thesis concludes with the development of a new mathematical method to solve a particular class of dynamic programming problems, using stochastic simulated grids and nearest-neighbour interpolation.​

[pt] Esta dissertação pretende estabelecer uma analogia entre ciência e psicose através das operações de foraclusão do sujeito e do Nome-do-Pai, respectivamente, buscando encontrar na clínica da psicose orientações para a posição da psicanálise diante do discurso da ciência na cultura. Discorreremos sobre o sujeito da ciência, a partir de Koyré, para localizá-lo como ponto seminal para o nascimento do sujeito da psicanálise. Em seguida, elencarmos o que Lacan especificou como próprio do sujeito da psicanálise, aproximando este sujeito da noção de vazio. Ponderaremos sobre o destino que a ciência moderna reserva ao sujeito tal como ele é concebido pela psicanálise alcançando a noção de foraclusão do sujeito. Analisaremos a foraclusão através da sua incidência na psicose e elencaremos os seus efeitos observáveis nessa clínica ressaltando neles a possibilidade de organização no mundo sem o parâmetro do Pai. Cotejaremos a foraclusão do Nome-do-Pai com a foraclusão do sujeito no intuito de notar as proximidades e distinções entre ciência e psicose. Como ilustração dos fenômenos decorrentes do discurso científico na cultura, lançaremos mão da sociedade ‘líquido-moderna’ visando definir os impasses, mas também esboçar as possibilidades de intervenção na cultura pela psicanálise. / [en] This dissertation intends to estabilish an analogy between science and psychosis, by verifying that both share a common operation of forclusion, of the subject and of Name-of-the-Father, respectively. We intend also to find in the clinical picture of psychosis orientations for the psychoanalist s position towards the scientific discourse present in today s culture. We will discuss about the scientific subject, from Koyré, as the seminal conception for the birth of the psychoanalitic subject, and then indicate what Lacan has specified as this psychoanalitic subject, approaching it to the notion of emptiness. We will reflect about the destiny that modern science reserves to the subject - as it is conceived by psychoanalysis-, that is, the subject s forclusion. This operation will be considered in regard to its incidence on psychosis, where it constitutes a possibility of organization of the world without the Father s parameter. Both the subject s and the Name-of-the-Father s foraclusion will be compared, in their similarities and discriminations, in order to put science and psychosis side to side. As an ilustration of the phenomena of the scientific discourse, we will make use of the modern-liquid society, defining dillemas, but also outlining possibilities of some intervention in culture.

The goal of the research was to explore the influence of acculturation on the self-concept of black adolescents. Only since 1994 have black South African children become more exposed to the previously white only privileged culture, based on westernized norms and values. This has come about through the schooling system and alternate care. The process of assimilating ideas of a new culture into one’s existing cultural framework is known as the process of acculturation. In South Africa this has happened in a relatively brief space of time. Adolescence is also one of the most difficult developmental stages to negotiate successfully and the dramatic physical, emotional and psychological changes which occur during this time have a significant influence on the self-concept of the adolescent. Much of the developmental energy of adolescence is devoted to identity issues which is an integral part of the self-concept. The researcher believed that it must be that much more difficult for the adolescent who is placed in a diverse cultural setting and is confronted with confusion about his ethnic identity, his present cultural milieu and the physical and psychological changes which challenge him in forming a new adult identity. Overseas studies and some local counseling centres have highlighted the negative impact of acculturation in terms of psychological and emotional adjustment problems in relation to acculturated youth. The objectives of the study included making conclusions and recommendations regarding the influence of acculturation on black adolescents in terms of therapy interventions, guidelines for schools in terms of life-orientation programmes and guidelines for organizations involved in placement of children in trans-racial care. As there was also very little literature on the subject of acculturation within the South African context, another objective of the study was to compile a theoretical frame of reference regarding acculturation within the South African context. Six adolescent black youth in trans-racial adoptive and foster care placements were identified as respondents. They were of mixed gender and between the ages of twelve and twenty. The researcher used a qualitative research approach of an applied nature and a phenomenological strategy of enquiry. Non-probability purposive sampling was used to select six respondents for the study. A semi-structured interview, with an interview schedule as a guideline was used as well as gestalt play therapy techniques as means of information collection. Various domains of the adolescent self-concept were explored on a physical, psychological, social level. The research findings showed that black adolescent youth in trans-racial care who had some connection and knowledge about their cultural roots were more able to begin the process of ethnic identity achievement which led to the development of a positive self-concept. This in turn led to better psychological and emotional adjustment and healthy ways of coping with problems and life in general. In contrast those adolescents who had relinquished their own culture for the new white culture they were emerged in, led to the development of a negative self-concept, poor adjustment and negative ways of coping with problems. For expediency, the male pronoun is used to refer to either sexes and the term family refers to foster family unless otherwise stated. / Dissertation (MA (Play Therapy))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Social Work / unrestricted

The present diploma thesis deals with the indebtedness of employees of a selected company and the ways to help these employees. The main aim of the thesis is to analyze the present situation of the respective company in terms of foreclosure of its employees and, based on this, to propose possible solutions which might help to improve the financial situations of these employees. The sub-aim of the thesis is to define the reasons for indebtedness as well as to assess the level of financial literacy of selected employees. The thesis is divided into two parts: a theoretical and an analytical one. The thesis uses the following research methods: analysis, semi-structured interview, written questionnaire and secondary document analysis.

Malgré d’importants avantages, la dette comme source de financement implique un risque d’insolvabilité. La faillite et la liquidation des actifs ont un coût élevé non seulement pour l’emprunteur et le prêteur, mais aussi pour la société en général. La détresse des entreprises peut en effet d’une part se propager dans l’économie et provoquer une contagion et d’autre part impliquer des externalités négatives (telle la chute du prix des actifs liquidés). La renégociation de la dette survient donc comme une alternative à la faillite/liquidation, une solution qui peut se montrer avantageuse pour toutes les parties impliquées et pour la société. Cette thèse propose une analyse théorique de la renégociation de la dette dans deux contextes particuliers. Le premier concerne le cas de la dette d’entreprise. Le second concerne le cas des crédits hypothécaires. À notre connaissance, tous les modèles de la littérature sur la dette d’entreprise impliquent ou autorisent un nombre infini de renégociations de la dette. Cette caractéristique empêche l’analyse du nombre optimal de renégociations. Pour pallier cet inconvénient, nous introduisons des coûts fixes de renégociation dans un modèle structurel de renégociations multiples. On analyse la réduction optimale du coupon, le moment et le nombre de renégociations. En ce qui concerne la renégociation des crédits hypothécaires, nous contribuons au débat sur la crise actuelle des saisies immobilières en étudiant en premier lieu la décision d’un prêteur de renégocier ou de saisir, et en second lieu l’impact négatif de la saisie sur les prix immobiliers. Enfin, sont analysés le rôle de la titrisation des crédits dans les décisions de saisir les biens immobiliers ou de renégocier les dettes en souffrance, ainsi que les contrats des gestionnaires immobiliers / Despite important advantages debt financing entails a risk of impossibility of payment. Bankruptcy and foreclosure are costly not only for the borrower and the lender, but also to the community as a whole through contagion and negative externality effects. Renegotiation then arises as a win-win solution for the parties involved. This thesis focuses on the analysis of debt renegotiation for the cases of corporate debt and home mortgage debt. To our knowledge, all the previous work on corporate debt renegotiation implies an infinite number of renegotiations. This feature preempts the analysis of the optimal number of renegotiations. We address this drawback by incorporating fixed renegotiation costs in a structural model of multiple renegotiations, analyzing the optimal debt reduction, timing and the number of rounds. Regarding home mortgage renegotiation, we contribute to the debate about the current foreclosure crisis by studying a lender’s decision to renegotiate or to foreclose, and the negative effect of foreclosure on house prices. Finally, the role of securitization in foreclosure and renegotiation decisions, as well as servicer contract design are investigated.

The U.S.-American foreclosure crisis and related economic crises have had severe and wide-reaching effects for the global economy, homeowners, and municipalities alike. These negative changes led to federal, state, regional, and local responses intended to prevent and mitigate foreclosures. As of yet, no research has examined the community- and neighborhood-level impacts of local foreclosure responses. This research seeks to determine the economic, physical, social, and political changes that resulted from these responses. A mixed methods case study of Cuyahoga County, Ohio, home to Cleveland, was used to identify local level foreclosure responses—i.e. those carried out at the county level and below—and their effects. The qualitative component was comprised of semi-structured stakeholder interviews, including local governmental representatives, advocacy groups, and neighborhood representatives. Two community subcases were investigated in depth to further examine the mechanisms and effects of foreclosure responses. The quantitative component supplements the qualitative component by means of a quantile regression model that examines relationships between foreclosure responses and changes in property value at the Census tract level, used to approximate communities. The model integrates data for the entire county and estimates coefficients at various quantiles of the dependent variable, which uncovers variations in the associations between the variables along the dependent variable’s distribution. That is, with quantile regression it is possible to determine whether foreclosure responses have different effects depending on community conditions. The results indicate that the national and local context are of particular importance when responding to the foreclosure crisis. Lackluster national level responses necessitated creative and innovative responses at the local level. The Cleveland region is characterized a weak housing market and its concomitant vacancy and abandonment problems. Thus, post-foreclosure responses that deal with blighted property are essential. A wide variety of foreclosure responses took place in Cuyahoga County, in the form of systems reform, foreclosure prevention, targeting, property acquisition and control, legal efforts, and community- and neighborhood-level efforts. Several strategies used in these responses emerged as themes: targeting, addressing blight, strengthening the social fabric, planning for the future, building institutions and organizational capacity, and advocacy. Physical and economic impacts are closely linked and are brought about especially by responses using targeting and blight reduction strategies. Social impacts, such as increased identification with, investment in, and commitment to the community occurred as the result of responses that used the strategies of strengthening the social fabric and planning a shared future for the community. Finally, the strategies of building institutions and organizational capacity and advocacy resulted in increased political power in the form of more local control and additional resources for neighborhoods and communities. These results provide deeper insight into the effects of the foreclosure crisis and local responses to it on neighborhoods and communities. This case study identifies the importance of targeting, blight removal, strengthening social bonds, planning for a shared future, increasing organizational capacity, and advocacy in addressing the foreclosure crisis on the community and neighborhood levels, especially in weak housing market cities where need far outstrips the available resources.