The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of DIBELS Nonsense Word Fluency Scores in the fall of first grade as a predictor of SAT-10 results. A comparison of boys and girls, three ethnic groups (Caucasian, Hispanic, African-American), and three different reading risk groups were examined using multiple regression analyses. Analysis of data from a total of 27,000 participants from a cohort of Reading First schools in 2003/2004 confirmed Nonsense Word Fluency scores in the fall of first grade to be a significant predictor of the SAT-10 reading scores in the spring. Differences found between and within groups were determined very small when Cohen's effect size was calculated. These results support for the use of Nonsense Word Fluency as a valid and useful early literacy assessment tool for determining which children likely need early additional reading instructional support in order to be successful readers.

Formative assessment is supported by research as a process to enhance student learning. A vital aspect in the process is the role of feedback which, based on its use, can support or hinder student learning. The problem addressed in this study was based on the concern of a high school administrator that teachers in the school were not using formative feedback in a manner that supported student learning. The purpose of this instrumental qualitative case study was to explore and understand the assessment and feedback practices of mathematics teachers in a private high school setting. The conceptual framework for this study was a model influenced by Black and Wiliam's theory of formative assessment and by Hattie and Timperley's model of feedback in which effective feedback is the supporting structure of the formative assessment process for promotion of student learning. The research questions were designed to explore the beliefs and practices of 3 mathematics teachers regarding the purpose of assessment and feedback. Qualitative data were collected from archival documents, observations, and a series of semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed by using multicycle descriptive coding and development of themes. Findings included teachers' beliefs, practices and misconceptions about the assessment and feedback cycle in relation to student learning in their classrooms. A recurring theme was that they lacked training in formative assessment practice. A 3-day professional development workshop that integrated and grounded formative assessment research into the daily practice of teachers was developed as a project. Teachers might bring about positive social change as their students develop self-regulatory learning strategies and transfer them into community life.

Background and objective: Patients’ and parents’ involvement in nursing students’ pediatric clinical practice assessment is informal. This study explored patients’ and parents’ perceptions of their role in students’ formative assessment. Approach: Interviews were conducted with patients and parents admitted at the study setting who received care from a nursing student. They were transcribed verbatim. Data was analyzed using a qualitative content analysis while Lincoln and Guba’s criteria of rigor and trustworthiness were upheld. Findings: Three categories emerged from the data: 1) Patients’ and parents’ current involvement in the assessment of nursing students’ pediatric clinical practice; 2) How they would like to be involved; and 3) The benefits and challenges of their involvement. Conclusion: This study has provided an understanding of patients’ and parents’ past encounters with nursing students, the elements of care that they would want to assess, and their perceived benefits and challenges of their involvement.

This thesis presents an e-learning solution to facilitate formative assessment of electronically submitted open-ended written assignments.It is widely accepted that formative assessment is highly beneficial to student leaning. A number of researchers are active in developing specialized approaches and software systems for assisting formative assessment of student work. However, no comprehensive e-learning solution exists for facilitating formative assessment of students' open-ended written work. The project presented in this thesis has developed a new approach for using computers to facilitate formative assessment of electronically submitted open-ended written assignments.Based on the literature review of the education theories around formative assessment and current computer software technologies, this project has developed three principles for e-learning support for formative assessment of open-ended written assignments:1. It needs to facilitate all the activities that are potentially required for formative assessment of student assignments (for example, the creation of assessment criteria, the submission of assignments, and the analysis of the assessment results), not only the marking activity to create feedback on assignments.2. It needs to provide an onscreen marking tool which enables human markers to mark open-ended written assignments in an intuitive and efficient way by replicating their paper-based assessment approaches.3. It needs to provide a generic solution for facilitating formative assessment of open-ended written assignments from all disciplines, not a limited solution restricted to some specific domains (for example, computers science or business courses).Based on these principles, a specification of an e-learning system for facilitating formative assessment of open-ended written assignment was developed and a system was implemented accordingly. This system, called the Written Assignment Assessment (WAA) system, has been already used in the assignment marking of several courses at Massey University.

<p>I den kvalitativa studien undersöks vad som ligger till grund för bedömning i fyra ämnen inom gymnasieskolan. De ämnen som undersöks är teater, idrott- och hälsa, hotel- och restaurang samt träteknik. Intervjuer med lärare visar att det läggs stor vikt vid bedömning av processen i den dagliga undervisningen, dvs. närvaro, samarbete, ansvar, behov av handledning, självständighet och ambition. Även den produkt eller det slutresultat som undervisningen leder fram till tas med i bedömningen. Lärarna uttrycker även att teoretiska aspekter på undervisningen såsom faktakunskaper, analys, att problematisera och reflektera är underlag för bedömning. Personlig färdighet, talang, förkunskaper samt att kunna göra kopplingar till yrket dvs. elevens förmåga att tillämpa sina kunskaper väger även det in i bedömningen. Observationer vid omdömessamtal samt analys av skriftliga omdömen visar att det är processen som får mest utrymme i bedömningen. För att dokumentera och avgöra om eleven nått målen för undervisningen använder sig lärarna av anteckningar men även den produkt eller det resultat som består. Lärarna beskriver även att de genom kommunikation med eleverna och genom att uppmärksamma hur elever reflekterar kring uppgifterna gör bedömningar. Lärarna uttrycker att de skulle önska att de kunde arbeta mer med bedömning men det som hindrar de är fram för allt tiden, att man upplever att man i så fall skulle behöva strukturera om eller göra avkall på viss undervisning. Andra hinder som lärarna beskriver är att man är fast i vissa traditioner vad gäller undervisning och organisation. Dessutom beskriver lärarna att de saknar tydlighet hur de själva kommunicerar mål och betygskriterier till eleverna.</p>

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mso-ansi-language:SV;} span.BallongtextChar {mso-style-name:"Ballongtext Char"; mso-ansi-font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:1492866463; mso-list-type:simple; mso-list-template-ids:517357830;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-start-at:0; mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:-; mso-level-tab-stop:18.0pt; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:18.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} --><p>This paper will discuss the proposed reintroducing of a final degree in upper secondary school. In a public government inquiry that was released in March 2008 a proposal about reintroducing a final degree in upper secondary school was presented. A final degree has not been a part of the upper secondary school science 1968. Why was the system with a final degree abounded and why do the government want to reintroduce it?</p><p>Research in pedagogy has through the years presented numbers of theories about assessment. In last decades a great part of the discussion has been focused on formative assessment. In formative assessment the assessment is used as a pedagogy tool. The purpose is to help the student develop their learning process and to learn to work independently. The contrary to formative assessment is assessment which only purpose is to summarise and control the level of knowledge a student possesses.</p><p>The public government inquiry that led to abolish of a final degree in upper secondary school in 1968 shared many thoughts with theories about formative assessment. Forty years later the government has grown sick of all the formative assessment, which they think has led to a “muddled” school. The public government inquiry presented in 2008 wants to reintroduce a final degree and create a school where the student’s knowledge is orderly controlled and summarised.</p></p>

<p><p>The purpose of this essay is to study how to support students who have not achieved the objectives for grade 3 in mathematics. This was done using a teaching experiment with students in grade 4 who have failed the target in grade 3. The research tools were literature searches, mentoring, diary entries, interviews, analysis of student responses from the primary sample, and photographs of critical moments of the teaching.</p><p>The teaching experiment was made at an elementary school outside a major city in Sweden. Out of 49 students 17 needed to be given extra support in one or more milestones from national tests grade 3. The paper reports one of the targets, which is written algorithms, where nine students participated in 15 lessons á 30 minutes. All nine participating students enhanced to fulfill their objectives and passed the level approved in the fractional G "Written algorithms". The average changed from 5 to 12 correct out of 14 possible after the teaching experiment. The students worked in a small temporary group linked to the present case by virtue of a special teacher who used formative assessment.</p><p>The students chose to use the arrangement as written calculation method instead of using intermediaries in the sub sample.</p></p> / <p>Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur man kan stödja elever som ännu inte nått målen för skolår 3 i matematik. Detta genomfördes i ett undervisningsförsök med elever i skolår 4 som inte klarat målet för skolår 3. Forskningsverktygen var litteratursökning, handledning, dagboksanteckningar, intervjuer, analys av elevsvar från delprov och fotografier av kritiska moment från undervisningen.</p><p>Undervisningsförsöket gjordes på en 1-7 skola utanför en större stad i Sverige. Av 49 elever var det 17 st som behövde få extra stöd i ett eller flera delmål enligt nationella prov skolår 3. I uppsatsen redovisas ett av delmålen som handlar om skriftliga räknemetoder där nio elever deltog på 15 st lektioner á 30 min. Alla de nio deltagande eleverna ökade sin måluppfyllelse och klarade nivån för godkänt på delprov G "Skriftliga räknemetoder" . Medelvärdet på resultatet ändrades från 5 till 12 rätt av 14 möjliga efter undervisningsförsöket. Eleverna arbetade i en liten tillfällig grupp knuten till det aktuella målet med stöd av en speciallärare som använde sig av formativ bedömning.</p><p>Eleverna valde att använda uppställning som skriftlig räknemetod framför räkning med mellanled i delprovet.</p>

Abstract: This dissertation is a case study of one teacher who participated in a project that investigated the effects of the Texas Instruments NavigatorTM, a wireless communication system on student algebra achievement and related pedagogy. The larger study, Classroom Connectivity in Promoting Mathematics and Science Achievement (CCMS) based at The Ohio State University (OSU), funded by the U. S. Department of Education, involved approximately 120 self-selected participants across the United States. A partial requirement for participation was agreement to attend professional development provided by the CCMS project. The professional development included a week-long summer institute at OSU prior to implementation of the TI-NavigatorTM, attendance at annual International T3 meetings, participation in the cohort listserve, and semi-annual telephone interviews. During data collection of the CCMS project, many of the participants exhibited an enthusiasm for implementation of the tool and the pedagogy supported by the CCMS project. The subject of this case study, Mrs. G, was among those perceived as high implementers. This longitudinal study attempts to verify alignment of her instruction with the pedagogy promoted in the professional development sessions provided by the project. Transcripts from professional development sessions were compared with Mrs. G’s comments about her perception of her implementation of the project. Transcribed classroom observations were then analyzed using NVivo software to quantify evidence of implementation of the pedagogy with respect to the three constructs of classroom discourse, levels of questioning and formative assessment. The results of the analyses indicated that Mrs. G implemented the pedagogy advocated by the professional development sessions of the CCMS project. According to the literature key elements were in place for successful professional development. The teacher was allowed autonomy and choice in her professional development In Mrs. G’s words, “Professional development must be relevant to my profession and support my goals… student understanding.” Implications are that pre-service programs should instill in prospective teachers the importance of life-long learning and equip them with strategies to seek out professional development opportunities that are relevant to them. In-service teachers should in turn be given autonomy and choice in determining which professional development opportunities will complement their programs.

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mso-ansi-language:SV;} span.BallongtextChar {mso-style-name:"Ballongtext Char"; mso-ansi-font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:8.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma; mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma; mso-bidi-font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} @page Section1 {size:612.0pt 792.0pt; margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; mso-header-margin:36.0pt; mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 {page:Section1;} /* List Definitions */ @list l0 {mso-list-id:1492866463; mso-list-type:simple; mso-list-template-ids:517357830;} @list l0:level1 {mso-level-start-at:0; mso-level-number-format:bullet; mso-level-text:-; mso-level-tab-stop:18.0pt; mso-level-number-position:left; margin-left:18.0pt; text-indent:-18.0pt;} ol {margin-bottom:0cm;} ul {margin-bottom:0cm;} -->This paper will discuss the proposed reintroducing of a final degree in upper secondary school. In a public government inquiry that was released in March 2008 a proposal about reintroducing a final degree in upper secondary school was presented. A final degree has not been a part of the upper secondary school science 1968. Why was the system with a final degree abounded and why do the government want to reintroduce it? Research in pedagogy has through the years presented numbers of theories about assessment. In last decades a great part of the discussion has been focused on formative assessment. In formative assessment the assessment is used as a pedagogy tool. The purpose is to help the student develop their learning process and to learn to work independently. The contrary to formative assessment is assessment which only purpose is to summarise and control the level of knowledge a student possesses. The public government inquiry that led to abolish of a final degree in upper secondary school in 1968 shared many thoughts with theories about formative assessment. Forty years later the government has grown sick of all the formative assessment, which they think has led to a “muddled” school. The public government inquiry presented in 2008 wants to reintroduce a final degree and create a school where the student’s knowledge is orderly controlled and summarised.

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