Orientador: Alan Rodrigo Panosso / Resumo: O dióxido de carbono (CO2) é um dos principais gases do efeito estufa adicional, sendo a agricultura uma grande contribuinte para a emissão do mesmo no Brasil. Para melhor modelar a perda de carbono do solo via CO2, deve-se considerar a variação espacial dessa variável, bem como dos atributos do solo, atento ao uso do solo agrícola e manejo. O presente estudo objetivou caracterizar a anisotropia espacial de FCO2 e atributos físicos e químicos do solo por meio da dimensão fractal (DF), na região do Cerrado no Mato Grosso do Sul. Para o estudo da anisotropia e geração de mapas de padrões espaciais foi utilizado uma malha regular amostral constituída de 102 pontos nas duas áreas. Para a FCO2 foram observados valores de DF 2,51 ± 0,41 para cana-de-açúcar e 2,61 ± 0,18 para eucalipto. A DF de FCO2 e dos atributos do solo estudadas por meio do gráfico de rosas mostrou que o fluxo de CO2 do solo apresenta variação espacial associada a diferentes atributos químicos e físicos do solo. Foram observados ganhos de precisão quando comparados os mapas de padrões espaciais isotrópico e anisotrópico para as variáveis FCO2, matéria orgânica do solo (MO) e a densidade do solo (Ds) nas duas áreas, indicados pela validação cruzada, com os valores de coeficiente de determinação entre 0,82 e 0,99 para área de cana-de-açúcar e 0,94 e 0,98 para áreas de eucalipto. FCO2 é um fenômeno de natureza complexa, sendo sua anisotropia espacial associada às variações espaciais dos demais atributos do solo e s... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Carbon dioxide (CO2) is one of principal greenhouse gases, being the agriculture one of the contributor major to emission specially in Brazil. To better understands this phenomenon, it is necessary to consider the spatial variation of this variable, as well as the attributes of the soil, considering the type of agricultural land use and management. The present study objective of characterizing the spatial anisotropy of FCO2 and other soil physical and chemical attributes, through the fractal dimension (DF), in Cerrado region, Mato Grosso do Sul. For the study of anisotropy and maps generation of spatial patterns, a regular sample consisting of 102 points in both areas was used. To FCO2 anisotropy values of DF were observed for 2.51 ± 0.41 for sugarcane and 2.61 ± 0.18 for eucalyptus areas. DF of FCO2 and other soil attributes studied through the rose graphics showed that the FCO2 presents spatial variation associated with different soil chemical and physical attributes. Precision and accuracy gains were observed when comparing spatial patterns generated from isotropic and anisotropic modeling for FCO2, soil organic matter (MO) and soil density (Ds) in the two study areas, as indicated by cross-validation, with values of determination coefficient varying between 0.82 and 0.99 for sugarcane and 0.94 and 0.98 for eucalyptus areas. The spatial pattern indicated that the spatial variability of FCO2, soil organic matter (MO) and soil density (Ds) that obtained gains in the two stud... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Este trabalho se propõe a estudar o comportamento assintótico dos sistemas dinâmicos autônomos respaldado na Teoria das Dimensões. Mais precisamente, vamos compreender de que maneira nos é útil limitar a dimensão fractal do atrator global de um semigrupo a fim de estudar a dinâmica em dimensão finita, sem que se perca informações sobre a dinâmica ao fazê-lo. Para tanto, o Teorema de Mañé tem um papel decisivo junto às propriedades da dimensão de Hausdorff e a da dimensão fractal; nos permitindo encontrar uma projeção cuja restrição ao atrator é injetora sobre um espaço de dimensão finita. Constatamos ainda que esta abordagem por projeções se aplica largamente a semigrupos originados de equações diferenciais em espaços de Banach de dimensão infinita. / In this work, we study the asymptotic behavior of autonomous dynamical systems supported on the Dimension Theory. More precisely, we understand how fractal dimension finiteness of the global attractor of a semigroup can be used to study the dynamics in finite dimension, without losing information on the dynamics in doing so. For this purpose, the Mañés Theorem plays a decisive role considering the Hausdorff dimension properties and the fractal dimension; thanks to which we managed to find a projection whose restriction to the attractor is an injective application over a finite dimensional space. Besides, we also acknowledge that this projections approach is largely applied to semigroups arrising from differential equations in infinite dimensional Banach spaces.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-01-16T11:56:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Abreu Castelo Vieira dos Paxe.pdf: 3080748 bytes, checksum: 5a882d79c0c3fc7df61fc5d3c39b6acf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-16T11:56:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Abreu Castelo Vieira dos Paxe.pdf: 3080748 bytes, checksum: 5a882d79c0c3fc7df61fc5d3c39b6acf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-12-12 / This research proposes to investigate the translations between textualities of the proverb from the Angolan and African contexts and discourses that these ones cross: from a model of experimentation of avant-garde art that mix between chromaticism and sounds to the graphicvisual forms. In the corpus are listed bases of these textualities of three regions: the pot script, mats, in Cabinda, northern Angola; the sand on drawings or lusona, and rock art in Lunda, east of Angola; the dances of shepherds in the southern region of Angola. These cases are analyzed from the perspective of cultural miscegenation, of baroque cultures mechanisms in Africa and how assumptions of border cultures. The narratives in vehicles of different media are examined taking for granted the assumption the hypothesis that the images and textualities are constantly created, recreated and updated by each other, with this vehicle to take up the role of traditional artistic forms with intersecting forms. As Amalio Pinheiro, this circularity is treated by zigzags in reframing of cultural elements, being Africa the place of miscegenation and intersecting par excellence. Investigate these media-art procedures noncanonical from primitive realities also means understanding the processes of abstraction and migration of things in relation nature-human-culture-city, it sets the fictionalization of the life and textualization of quotidian elements. Ana Hatherly speaks of the need to reconnection between people and the tradition, which it can be dynamic. To some extent, these media practices carried out by the proverb suggests to reformulate the social reality with reallocations and changes of power in a spectacular way and into the fantastic and fable by the hypertext formation, which is dynamic and has several meanings. The role of the media has proved preponderant as a guide for these elaborations. But it is precisely from there that the problem this study arose: what are the translations undertaken for the media used by the proverb also converted on the way to the various textualities? This work is linked to the study of culture and media environments and their methodology is based on immersion in printed and oral literature through collected documents and meetings with popular storytellers and professionals who are involved in this important episode of the culture. This research revealed the expanded notion of proverb in the cultural tissue / Esta pesquisa propõe-se a investigar as traduções entre as textualidades do provérbio a partir dos contextos angolano e africano e os discursos que a essas atravessam: de um modelo das experimentações das vanguardas artísticas que mesclam entre cromatismos e sonoridades às formas gráfico-visuais. No corpus estão elencadas bases destas textualidades de três regiões: os testos de panela, as esteiras, em Cabinda, norte de Angola; os desenhos sobre areia, ou lusona, e artes rupestres, na Lunda, leste de Angola; as danças de pastores, na região sul de Angola. Estes casos são analisados sob a perspectiva da mestiçagem cultural, dos mecanismos barroquizantes da cultura em África e como pressupostos das culturas das bordas. As narrativas em veículos de diferentes mídias são examinadas tendo como pressupostos a hipótese de que as imagens e textualidades são constantemente criadas, recriadas e atualizadas umas pelas outras, com esse veículo a ocupar o papel das tradicionais modalidades artísticas com formas entrecruzadas. Como diz Amálio Pinheiro, essa circularidade é tratada por ziguezagues na ressignificação dos elementos da cultura, sendo a África também o lugar de mestiçagens e dos entrelaçamentos por excelência. Investigar esses procedimentos midiáticoartísticos não canônicos a partir das realidades primitivas significa também compreender os processos de abstração e migração das coisas na relação natureza-homem-cultura-cidade, isso configura a ficcionalização da vida e a textualização dos elementos do cotidiano. Ana Hatherly fala da necessidade de reatar com a tradição no que ela pode ter de dinâmica. Em alguma medida, essas práticas mediáticas realizadas pelo provérbio sugerem a reelaboração da realidade social com realocações e trocas de poder, de uma maneira espetacular e adentrando pelo fantástico pelo fabulatório na formação de hipertexto vivo e plurissignificante. O papel das mídias revelou-se preponderante como roteiro para essas elaborações. Mas é justamente daí que surgiu o problema deste estudo: quais são as operações de tradução empreendidas para que as mídias usadas pelo provérbio se convertam também em caminho para as várias textualidades. Este trabalho está vinculado aos estudos sobre cultura e ambientes midiáticos e sua metodologia se apoia na imersão em literatura impressa e oral, por meio de documentos recolhidos e de encontros com narradores populares e com profissionais que se ocupam deste importante capítulo da cultura. A pesquisa revelou a noção expandida do provérbio no tecido da cultura

Todos os seres vivos compartilham uma característica comum na sua composição estrutural, a célula. No corpo humano, as células vasculares de músculo liso são fundamentais para o bom funcionamento dos vasos arteriais. A principal função dessas células é contrair e regular o calibre desses vasos, a pressão sanguínea e a distribuição do fluxo de sangue. Devido a isto, alterações mecânicas sofridas por estas células acarretam modificações estruturais nos vasos, podendo levar à hipertensão, vasoespasmo e arteriosclerose. O principal objetivo do nosso trabalho foi o de desenvolver uma nova plataforma de análise de imagens de células vasculares para caracterizar suas propriedades estruturais. Em nossa plataforma, analisamos parâmetros estruturais de células vasculares de músculo liso de diferentes leitos arteriais, com as fibras de actina evidenciadas com marcadores fluorescentes, obtidas por microscopia confocal. Estes parâmetros são: o Índice de Alinhamento das fibras de actina da imagem, a distribuição de comprimento dessas fibras e sua dimensão fractal. Mostramos que com esses parâmetros somos capazes de comparar células de leitos arteriais diferentes de forma quantitativa, assim como, correlacionar esses parâmetros com suas propriedades mecânicas. / All living organisms share a unique characteristic in their structural composition, the cell. In the human body, vascular smooth muscle cells are fundamental for the ideal functioning of the arterial vessels. The main function of these cells is to contract and regulate these vessels caliber, as well as the blood pressure and flow distribution of blood. Due to the exposed above, mechanical alterations suffered by these cells cause structural modifications in vessels, which may lead to hypertension, vasospasm and atherosclerosis. The main objective of our research was to develop a new framework of image analysis for vessel cells in order to characterize their structural properties. In our framework we analyzed structural parameters of vascular smooth muscle cells from different arterial sites, with actin fibers labeled with fluorescent markers, obtained by confocal microscopy. These parameters are: the actin fibers alignment index of the image, the length distribution of these fibers and their fractal dimension. We presented that with these parameters we are able to quantitatively compare cells in different arterial sites as well as correlate these parameters with their mechanical properties.

Todos os seres vivos compartilham uma característica comum na sua composição estrutural, a célula. No corpo humano, as células vasculares de músculo liso são fundamentais para o bom funcionamento dos vasos arteriais. A principal função dessas células é contrair e regular o calibre desses vasos, a pressão sanguínea e a distribuição do fluxo de sangue. Devido a isto, alterações mecânicas sofridas por estas células acarretam modificações estruturais nos vasos, podendo levar à hipertensão, vasoespasmo e arteriosclerose. O principal objetivo do nosso trabalho foi o de desenvolver uma nova plataforma de análise de imagens de células vasculares para caracterizar suas propriedades estruturais. Em nossa plataforma, analisamos parâmetros estruturais de células vasculares de músculo liso de diferentes leitos arteriais, com as fibras de actina evidenciadas com marcadores fluorescentes, obtidas por microscopia confocal. Estes parâmetros são: o Índice de Alinhamento das fibras de actina da imagem, a distribuição de comprimento dessas fibras e sua dimensão fractal. Mostramos que com esses parâmetros somos capazes de comparar células de leitos arteriais diferentes de forma quantitativa, assim como, correlacionar esses parâmetros com suas propriedades mecânicas. / All living organisms share a unique characteristic in their structural composition, the cell. In the human body, vascular smooth muscle cells are fundamental for the ideal functioning of the arterial vessels. The main function of these cells is to contract and regulate these vessels caliber, as well as the blood pressure and flow distribution of blood. Due to the exposed above, mechanical alterations suffered by these cells cause structural modifications in vessels, which may lead to hypertension, vasospasm and atherosclerosis. The main objective of our research was to develop a new framework of image analysis for vessel cells in order to characterize their structural properties. In our framework we analyzed structural parameters of vascular smooth muscle cells from different arterial sites, with actin fibers labeled with fluorescent markers, obtained by confocal microscopy. These parameters are: the actin fibers alignment index of the image, the length distribution of these fibers and their fractal dimension. We presented that with these parameters we are able to quantitatively compare cells in different arterial sites as well as correlate these parameters with their mechanical properties.

The need for image enhancement and restoration is encountered in many practical applications. For instance, distortion due to additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) can be caused by poor quality image acquisition, images observed in a noisy environment or noise inherent in communication channels. In this thesis, image denoising is investigated. After reviewing standard image denoising methods as applied in the spatial, frequency and wavelet domains of the noisy image, the thesis embarks on the endeavor of developing and experimenting with new image denoising methods based on fractal and wavelet transforms. In particular, three new image denoising methods are proposed: context-based wavelet thresholding, predictive fractal image denoising and fractal-wavelet image denoising. The proposed context-based thresholding strategy adopts localized hard and soft thresholding operators which take in consideration the content of an immediate neighborhood of a wavelet coefficient before thresholding it. The two fractal-based predictive schemes are based on a simple yet effective algorithm for estimating the fractal code of the original noise-free image from the noisy one. From this predicted code, one can then reconstruct a fractally denoised estimate of the original image. This fractal-based denoising algorithm can be applied in the pixel and the wavelet domains of the noisy image using standard fractal and fractal-wavelet schemes, respectively. Furthermore, the cycle spinning idea was implemented in order to enhance the quality of the fractally denoised estimates. Experimental results show that the proposed image denoising methods are competitive, or sometimes even compare favorably with the existing image denoising techniques reviewed in the thesis. This work broadens the application scope of fractal transforms, which have been used mainly for image coding and compression purposes.

The need for image enhancement and restoration is encountered in many practical applications. For instance, distortion due to additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) can be caused by poor quality image acquisition, images observed in a noisy environment or noise inherent in communication channels. In this thesis, image denoising is investigated. After reviewing standard image denoising methods as applied in the spatial, frequency and wavelet domains of the noisy image, the thesis embarks on the endeavor of developing and experimenting with new image denoising methods based on fractal and wavelet transforms. In particular, three new image denoising methods are proposed: context-based wavelet thresholding, predictive fractal image denoising and fractal-wavelet image denoising. The proposed context-based thresholding strategy adopts localized hard and soft thresholding operators which take in consideration the content of an immediate neighborhood of a wavelet coefficient before thresholding it. The two fractal-based predictive schemes are based on a simple yet effective algorithm for estimating the fractal code of the original noise-free image from the noisy one. From this predicted code, one can then reconstruct a fractally denoised estimate of the original image. This fractal-based denoising algorithm can be applied in the pixel and the wavelet domains of the noisy image using standard fractal and fractal-wavelet schemes, respectively. Furthermore, the cycle spinning idea was implemented in order to enhance the quality of the fractally denoised estimates. Experimental results show that the proposed image denoising methods are competitive, or sometimes even compare favorably with the existing image denoising techniques reviewed in the thesis. This work broadens the application scope of fractal transforms, which have been used mainly for image coding and compression purposes.

Fractal geometry is a new branch of mathematics. This report presents the tools, methods and theory required to describe this geometry. The power of Iterated Function Systems (IFS) is introduced and applied to produce fractal images or approximate complex estructures found in nature. The focus of this thesis is on how fractal geometry can be used in applications to computer graphics or to model natural objects.

This thesis proposes an integrated artificial neural network based approach to classify the position of a wireless device in an indoor protected area. Our experiments are conducted in two different types of interference affected indoor locations. We found that the environment greatly influences the received signal strength. We realized the need of incorporating a complexity measure of the Wi-Fi signal as additional information in our localization algorithm. The inputs to the integrated artificial neural network were comprised of an integer dimension representation and a fractional dimension representation of the Wi-Fi signal. The integer dimension representation consisted of the raw signal strength, whereas the fractional dimension consisted of a variance fractal dimension of the Wi-Fi signal. The results show that the proposed approach performed 8.7% better classification than the “one dimensional input” ANN approach, achieving an 86% correct classification rate. The conventional Trilateration method achieved only a 47.97% correct classification rate.

La thèse explore les œuvres de Blaise Cendrars, de Victor Segalen et d’Albert Londres sous l’angle de « l’éclat du voyage » et se propose d’analyser les effets produits par la présence du voyage sur un plan diégétique, métadiégétique et stylistique. Chez ces trois auteurs, la notion de voyage dépasse en effet sa vocation thématique pour se faire véritable matière à travailler le langage et atteindre la sphère de la littérarité en exerçant sur le texte une menace d’éclatement, et contribue à l’instauration d’une littérature moderne. Cette étude interroge les premiers écrits de Cendrars (1912-1938) en explorant par quelles voies la présence conjointe du motif du voyage et de l’éclatement conduit à la création d’une représentation fractale du monde. L’examen du cycle polynésien de Segalen met en évidence la présence du voyage comme le résultat d’un écart désirant qui aboutit à la formation d’une poétique littéraire de la diffraction. Enfin, à travers l’étude des reportages d’Albert Londres, la thèse montre comment l’écriture du voyage trouve un regain de force par le détour du reportage. / This thesis explores the bursting effect of travel in the works of Blaise Cendrars, Victor Segalen and Albert Londres in their diegetic, metadiegetic and stylistic aspects. The notion of travel goes beyond a mere theme discussed in those texts and affects their very language, challenges their literarity by issuing a bursting threat on them, and contributes to their modernity.This study examines the first works of Blaise Cendrars (1912-1938) and explores the ways in which the joined presence of travel and bursting phenomenon leads to a literary creation of a fractal world. The study of Segalen’s Polynesian period reveals that travel exists as an outcome of a distance invested by desire, and results in a poetic of diffraction in his texts. Finally, the investigation of the role of travel in Albert Londres’ reportages illuminates how travel writing and reportage can work together towards a modern literature.