The purpose is to understand the reasons for changed perceptions about Swedish nuclear weapons during the time when Sweden considered acquiring these weapons. The main question is: which stories about Swedish nuclear weapons did key players in Sweden present from 1958 to 1963 and how did these stories change. Primary sources are texts from 1958– 1963, texts for or against Swedish atomic weapons, government investigations and political texts and bills. The theoretical perspective is framing analysis (Kuypers) and narrative analysis (Shenhav) unified in a method. Text-by-text, framing, agenda extension, and story are investigated and compared, supported by previous research. The analysis shows that stories can be divided into five categories, the military, the dystopian, the scientific, the state community building and the security policy stories. In 1958, the military story of nuclear weapons dominated as an issue of weapons development in the nuclear age. The following year, new stories came from opinion leaders, the yes side developed stories about the necessity of the bomb for the military and in foreign policy. The no side told stories about the consequences of a Swedish bomb as a dystopia for humanity and the collapse in foreign relations. Both told scientific stories about the effects which either ended in calming message to the people or created fear of radiation damage and the genetics of future generations. After 1959 both the Social Democrats and the military began to hesitate and changed their stories. Among other things, future civil nuclear power, economic realism and good relations with the US outweighed the idea of nuclear weapons guaranteeing a Swedish non-alliance policy. The change in the stories could also be interpreted as an early de facto no a conclusion shared by previous research. By 1963 the Social Democrats' story of a modern society without nuclear weapons dominated.

This thesis critically analyses the language and images used by international online news media to represent the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in May 2021. In total, 270 online news headlines and featured lead images, published on the English news websites of Al Jazeera, BBC and CNN, are analyzed. This study aims to identify the framing employed by the different international media outlets as well as analyze the scope of their coverage. The theories of agenda-setting, framing and media representation help guide the current research to identify the discursive practices employed by international news media. The framework employed to carry out this research combines Pan & Kosicki (1993) approach to textual framing analysis with Barthes’ (1972) method for analysing visual semiotics. The results indicate variations in the patterns of representing and framing the conflict across the three analysed media outlets. However, overall, the results reveal that the 2021 outbreak in the Israel-Palestine conflict is portrayed mainly through a frame of ‘’war’’. These distinctions broadly reflect and correspond to the journalists' practices and differences of each media outlet.

We live in a time of changing climate and global warming, creating an urgency for policy- and societal ameliorative action. Increasing climate change skepticism in the Anglo-Saxon parts of the world as well as in Europe risks delaying urgent actions needed. This thesis studies a climate skeptical blog site and network in Sweden, Klimatupplysningen, and analyzes strategies used. A comparative framing analysis is conducted where frames compiled from previous research is searched for and analyzed in a randomly selected material of 150 blog posts. The results from the research show that strategies and frames from previous research to a large extent match those in Klimatupplysningen. Two new frames appeared from the material; Media & Debate and Humor. The new frames are indicative of a contextuality of online social media as main platform for communication and networking. More research is needed on effects on audiences from blogs and other social media.

The purpose of this study was to examine how Greta Thunberg, as a phenomenon, is portrayed in the news media Fox News as well as CNN and also how other actors are appearing in the news frames. The study was done by doing a qualitative content analysis in the form of a news framing analysis by focusing on frequent themes; frames by which she is portrayed. Furthermore I compared CNN with Fox News in relation to Greta Thunberg and how they portray her objectively. The examined articles were those of which they were published during the week when Greta Thunberg was named TIME’s ‘Person of the Year’. The frames, as a result, were that Greta Thunberg is framed as ‘A Hero’, ‘Someone to be questioned as Person of the Year’ and ‘A threat towards Donald Trump. The frequent actors apart from Greta Thunberg who appeared were Donald Trump as well as TIME’s Magazine. The results also found that Fox News and CNN takes different stands when it comes to Greta Thunberg.

The purpose of the following study is to investigate if, and in what way, other parliamentary parties show similarities with the Swedish Democrats rhetoric in the speech on immigration and integration and, based on Bourdieu's concepts field, capital and doxa, offer a possible explanation for the other parliamentary parties' position through the speech on immigration and integration. In order to achieve the purpose, a framing analysis is made in which speech presented on Almedalen by the Social Democrats, the Left Party, the Moderates, and the Christian Democrats during the period 2009-2019 constitute the empirical material. The position of the investigated parliamentary parties in the political field through the speech on immigration and integration is explained on the basis of Pierre Bourdieu's concepts of field, capital, and doxa. The study shows that the pattern of change among the parliamentary parties examined differs in the way of speaking but also in the existence of similarities with the rhetoric of the Swedish Democrats as well as the tendency to raise issues concerning immigration and integration. One conclusion that can be drawn is that an approach to the Swedish Democrats seems to entail changed rhetoric as well as an increased tendency to discuss immigration and integration issues. Another conclusion is that the existence of the Swedish Democrats means that the investigated parliamentary parties must somehow relate to them since neutral handling of them does not seem possible. A third conclusion is that nothing happens as an isolated event, but several factors cooperate in the change of the parliamentary parties' investigated speech on immigration and integration.

The current global food system is market-driven and depends on the exploitative commodification of our basic need to eat. It has been consistently condemned for its incapacity to account for justice, sustainability, welfare, and health. Developing alternative food system strategies is a necessary step towards creating a more sustainable and just reality. By conducting a comparative analysis using semi-structured interviews and virtual mapping between a rural area and an urban city in Ontario, Canada, the relationship between food geographies and the development of diagnostic (problem-oriented) and prognostic (solution oriented) framings within the corporate food regime is explored. Considering the influences of socio-geographical context (i.e. urban or rural), and the impacts of cognitive and physical food distancing adds new perspective and considerations to the existing literature. The results found that the urban participants had more robust diagnostic and prognostic framings than the rural participants. They also found that the impacts of food distancing were represented by the participants differently; The urban participants experienced more significant cognitive and physical distancing, but were mostly worried about the impacts of cognitive food distancing, whereas the rural participants were mostly focused on the impacts of physical distancing and were less affected by both types of distancing.

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The thesis deals with the issue of photographs taken during the Rwandan genocide in 1994. The ethnically motivated conflict, in which the Hutu majority tried to exterminate the Tutsi minority, claimed almost a million victims in a hundred days. The Rwandan genocide is notoriously associated with machetes and radio. Most of the victims were killed with primitive weapons, and the murders of neighbours and family members took place under the influence of a propaganda radio broadcast. The thesis describes how photojournalism in the 1990s reported on such a specific conflict as modern genocide. The thesis uses visual framing analysis, which is based on the theory of framing. After that it was possible to identify the recurring visual frames through which the Rwandan genocide is depicted in the images.

Evo Morales became Latin Americas first indigenous president in 2005. Morales praised the indigenous peoples, the indigenous movements and aimed at ending their political marginalization in Bolivia. However, this politicization and framing of indigenous identity and rights was later turned into his disadvantage. In 2011, Confederation of Indigenous Peoples of Eastern Bolivia (CIDOB) decided to mobilize against the government's decision to build a highway through Isiboro Secure National Park and Indigenous Territory (TIPNIS), where three of the indigenous groups represented by CIDOB lives. The decision was taken without consolidation with the population living in the area. In this study Robert D. Benford and David A. Snow's theoretical framework concerning framing processes and social movements are used to analyze CIDOBs collective action framing of their indigenous identity and rights in their mobilization in the TIPNIS conflict. In the result, it became evident that CIDOB used their indigenous identity and rights in different framing strategies including master frames, frame alignment processes, diagnostic, and prognostic framing.

The aim of this study is to investigate how moral issues surrounding one of the lengthiest environmental conflicts – the Canadian seal hunt controversy - were communicated by two Canadian mainstream newspapers: the national Globe and Mail, and the Newfoundland-based The Telegram in 2009, the year in which the European Union banned the import of all seal products on the basis of a moral standard relating to the welfare of animals. At a general level, the purpose of this work is to examine how the news media construe and convey environmental ethical positions when dealing with complicated environmental issues. To this end, this thesis draws from media framing theory to implement a qualitative linguistic analysis of the 99 news articles to analyze how seals and sealers – the two main subjects of moral worth in this controversy – were framed in the two newspapers. The analysis found that seals were predominantly framed in accordance with their perceived social and economic benefit, largely overlooking animal welfare considerations. Sealers, on the other hand, tended to be portrayed as people of moral rectitude and brave seafarers, with a concomitant onus placed on the cultural and economic importance of sealing for Northerners. The findings corroborate claims that our perceptions of animal species, especially those which are considered wildlife, and the type of our relationship with them vary in accordance with human utility. At the same time, these perceptions are influenced by the social and cultural aspects of humans' relationship with the environment that may trump considerations of animal welfare and compassion toward sentient animals. Seen in the perspective of environmental ethics debate, the seal hunt controversy reveals the current lack of consensus on determining the most sound ethical principle in order to ensure our treatment of the environment is morally consistent. As the seal hunt controversy is not a standalone phenomenon of the protest based in animal welfare considerations, this thesis can be of value for the future research of comparable environmental controversies. Reconciling antagonistic environmental ethics is important for environmental policy-making and management, in order to ensure a greater and more productive stakeholder participation in solving environmental issues more effectively, while at the same realizing our moral obligations towards the animal world and the rest of the nature.