This overview has examined the research situation regarding the historical concept: use of history and the factors that weigh heavily are the concept's definition, categorization and function. Since the use of history is part of de-facto governing documents on the subject of history in Sweden. This makes this subject particularly interesting to examine and how the research situation treats the concept. Great thinkers like Friedrich Nietzsche coined the term use of history early on, which has produced its own interpretation and perspective of how people relate and use history in different contexts. The definition of the concept is thus given different emphasis by different researchers, who believe that history can be categorized into typologies. But there are also other approaches to the use of history, which often means that history is used to achieve a future purpose. The question of whether there is a correct way to use the past is a further current question in the discourse. The use or abuse of history is therefore caught in the eye in some discussions. Although a broad consensus of scholars shows that history has a real effect here and now and interacts with the present, whether one wishes so or not.

Nihilism is a popular and heavily studied topic which is prominently displayed in Javier Marí­as' novel Berta Isla. In this article, both Nietzschean and Heideggerian concepts of nihilism will be identified and analyzed within the context of Marí­­as's novel. Through textual analysis, the origin of nihilism will be explored as it relates to the will to power and valuative schema of the individual. It will be suggested that nihilism stems from valuative thinking induced by the herd-mentality of a community and that the fulfillment of such is the acceptance of absolute truth grounded in being and becoming.

This thesis is a literary analysis that discusses gender archetypes within two extensive literary works of Ladislav Klíma which he adapted into final pieces: Sufferings of Prince Sternenhoch and Glorious Nemesis. The methodological and theoretical part of the work examines the question of literary canon, defends feminist criticism as a legitimate approach to text analysis, looks back at the relatively short history of the use of gender as an analytical category, and represents a method of resistant reading. It also reflects the inspirational source of Klíma's authorship, the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche with an emphasis on gender aspects. Using classical feminist texts, works of literary theory, and the works that are central (not exclusively to feminist) analysis of (not only literary) archetypes identifies (mostly) female literary characters with some of the traditional (but also less common) archetypes - mother, witch, goddess of justice and fate, collaborator, and others. Except for archetypes, the thesis also discusses other gender (literary) aspects, for example the issue of stereotypical display of femininity and masculinity, the conceptualization of women as a capital, and women's connection with nature or female sexuality which is still often analyzed on the basis of the...

No description available.

This thesis discusses the potential consequences of applying the philosophy of Mark C. Taylor to the field of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI). The first part of the thesis comprises a study focusing on two discursive trends in contemporary HCI, materiality and the self, and how these discourses describe interaction. Through a qualitative, inductive content analysis of 171 HCI research articles, a number of themes are identified in the literature and, it is argued, construct a dominant perspective of materiality, the self, and interaction. Examples that differ from the dominant discourse are also discussed as alternative perspectives for each of the three focal areas. The second part of the thesis comprises an analysis of Mark C. Taylor’s philosophical project which enables a number of philosophical positions on materiality, the self, and interaction to be identified. These positions are suggested to be variations and rereadings of themes found in Friedrich Nietzsche’s philosophy. These variations emerge as Taylor approaches Nietzsche through poststructuralism and complexity theory, and it is argued that the apparent heterogeneity of Taylor’s project can be understood as a more coherent position when interpreted in relation to Nietzsche’s philosophy. Based on the findings of the two literature studies, the thesis then discusses the possible consequences for HCI, if Taylor’s philosophy were to be applied as a theoretical framework. The thesis argues that Taylor’s philosophy describes the interaction between humans and computers  as an existential process, which contrasts with the dominant HCI discourse; that this view can be related to and provide a theoretical foundation for the alternative discourses in HCI; and that it can contribute to developing HCI. / Denna avhandling syftar till att diskutera de möjliga konsekvenserna av att applicera Mark C. Taylors filosofi inom fältet Människa-Datorinteraktion (MDI). Den första delen av avhandlingen utgörs av en studie som fokuserar på två diskursiva trender inom MDI, materialitet och självet, och hur dessa diskurser beskriver interaktion. Genom en kvalitativ, induktiv innehållsanalys av 171 forskningsartiklar inom MDI-fältet identifieras ett antal teman som kan sägas utgöra dominerande perspektiv i framställningen av de tre fokusområdena. Studien identifierar också exempel på alternativa perspektiv som kontrasterar mot den vedertagna bilden av materialitet, självet samt interaktion inom MDI. Den andra delen av avhandlingen utgörs av en analys där Mark C. Taylors filosofiska projekt utforskas med syfte att identifiera filosofiska positioner som kan fungera som teoretiska resurser för en fördjupad förståelse av de tre fokusområdena. Genom en jämförelse mellan dessa positioner och filosofiska teman hos Friedrich Nietzsche framträder en bild där Taylors positioner kan sägas utgöra variationer och omläsningar av Nietzsches texter i relation till mer sentida teoretiska ansatser. Analysen syftar till att påvisa att Taylors projekt, som vid första anblicken kan tyckas utgöras av en rad skiftande och ibland motsägelsefulla filosofiska framställningar utan inre sammanhang, i själva verket kan förstås som en mer sammanhängande teoretisk position om den läses i relation till Nietzsches filosofi. Med utgångspunkt i de två litteraturstudierna diskuteras slutligen möjliga konsekvenser av att använda Taylors filosofi som teoretiskt ramverk inom MDI och följande slutsatser presenteras: att Taylors filosofi erbjuder ett perspektiv på interaktionen mellan människor och datorer som betonar interaktion som en identitetsskapande, existentiell process vilket skiljer sig från det dominerande perspektivet inom MDI; att Taylors filosofi kan relateras till och utgöra ett teoretiskt fundament för de alternativa MDI-diskurser som tidigare identifierats, samt att en sådan process kan bidra till en vidareutveckling av teoribildningen inom MDI. / <p>QC 20160831</p>

The aim of this MA thesis was to analyze the correspondences and differences between the individual philosophers and writers from the loosely formed intellectual group of Euro- American pragmatism. The thesis utilizes a chronological approach, starting with the early signs of transatlantic pragmatism in Immanuel Kant's philosophy, and traces this development throughout the eighteenth, nineteenth and twentieth century. In addition to the comparison of philosophical similarities and dissimilarities of the examined authors, each chapter also considered the possible uses of pragmatic techniques in pedagogy and education. Therefore, besides the examination of differing epistemologies of writers of transatlantic pragmatism, this thesis also aims to offer educational suggestions, ideas and practical methods for an educator. The first chapter of the thesis is designed to introduce the theme of the work at large. The second chapter of the thesis analyzes the rudimentary signs of pragmatism, in the revolutionary ideas of Immanuel Kant and Johan Gottlieb Fichte. This chapter focuses on the genesis of subjective idealism, subjective category creation and Fichte's Wissenschaftslehre, along with his lectures on vocations. The third chapter surveys the ideas of Ralph Waldo Emerson and his approaches towards the...

Att måla essäistisktDenna uppsats beskriver hur ett konstnärligt samarbetsprojekt utvecklades mellan två konstnärer.Målet med projektet var att komma fram till ett dialogiskt arbetssätt utan att använda det verbalaspråket och beskriver hur arbetet förvandlades från egna monologer till ett måleriskt samtal.Med utgångspunkt i renässansförfattaren Michel de Montaigne och hans arbete med att iessäform reflektera och få kunskap om tillvaron undersöks essäskrivandet både somforskningsmetod och förhållningssätt. Centrala begrepp är Friedrich Nietschzes apollinskt kontradionysiskt och Friedrich Schillers beskrivningar av form-, sinnlig- och lekdrift. Uppsatsen är enmeta-essä med syfte att visa hur ett essäistist arbetssätt kan reflektera och lyfta fram den egna levdapraktiska kunskapen. / Painting essayisticThis essay-form paper depicts the development of an artistic collaboration between two artistswhere the purpose was to come up with a dialogical way of working without using verballanguage. It describes how this work developed from separate monologues to a conversation inpainting.Based in the the renaissance essayist Michel de Montagne and his reflections over andattempts to understand our existence I try to approach the essay as a form that can be utilized asa method as well as an attitude towards this. Central concepts are Friedrich Nietzsche´s »theApollonian» versus »the Dionysian» as well as Friedrich Schiller's descriptions of the formaldrive, the sensuous drive and the play drive. The paper is a “meta essay” about how theessayistic method can be used to reflect over and emphasize personal practical knowledge.Keywords:Essay,

This project compares the career of the early 20th century ballet dancer, Vaslav Nijinsky, to Friedrich Nietzsche’s theory of the tragic arts. In The Birth of Tragedy (1872) and elsewhere, Nietzsche argues that artists play the central role in communal mythmaking and religious renewal; he prescribes the healing work of the “tragic artist” to save modernity from the decadence and nihilism he identifies in scientism, historicism, and Christianity. As a dancer, and especially as a choreographer for the Ballets Russes (1912-1913), Nijinsky staged a kinetic response to modern culture that not only displayed shared concerns with Nietzsche, but also, as I argue, allow him to be interpreted as Nietzsche’s archetypical tragic artist. By juxtaposing the philologist-philosopher and dancer-choreographer as artists, I situate the emergence of Modern Art as a nascent movement still bound to Romanticism even while rebelling against it, and as an attempt to reinterpret art in a mythic (and thoroughly modern) context.

Nietzsche´s work criticizes the existing method of philosophizing which diverts man from his major problems. First of all it is neccessary to deal with human life and to understand what determines life and what defines world. Human life is dominated by the will to power. However it depends, wheather man recognizes the will and wheather he follows this awarness. So far, man has been controlled by emotions which are often considered to be the truth. The will to power predetermines the human evolution to the higher level - the Superman ( Der Übermensch). The Superman is able to implement the will, to become a completely free beeing, controlling everything within his reach - even humanity. The Superman is driven by his own benefits, creating a new morality in which it applies that good is what is useful for life of a Superman. Existing humanity seeks in its weakness support in the faith in God. Only Superman is able to avoid this domination, because for him God is dead. life is what constantly arises and expires in its particular actions. The way of the world is determinatd by the eternal return, which is accepted by a Superman.

Submitted by Marlene Santos (marlene.bc.ufg@gmail.com) on 2014-10-29T20:42:17Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Eduardo Carli de Moraes - 2013.pdf: 1868084 bytes, checksum: 32e1fd9c7d44e8b25112401a76dbd0ba (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-10-30T09:50:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Eduardo Carli de Moraes - 2013.pdf: 1868084 bytes, checksum: 32e1fd9c7d44e8b25112401a76dbd0ba (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-30T09:50:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Eduardo Carli de Moraes - 2013.pdf: 1868084 bytes, checksum: 32e1fd9c7d44e8b25112401a76dbd0ba (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-11-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This dissertation aims to reflect upon the philosophy of Friedrich Nietzsche (18441900), whose thought is here understood as an attempt to overcome both metaphysics and nihilism. This study highlights Nietzsche’s appraisal of philosophical thought endowed with historical sense, faithful to the uninterrupted process of becoming, which implies a worldview similar to that of Heraclitus. It is argued that Nietzsche's peculiar position in the history of moral philosophy lies in his critical analysis of the multiplicity of different moral evaluations always connected with their human, all too human, sources. Through attention to the circumstances and conditions of the emergence, development and decline of many ideals, moral values and religious doctrines, we intend to describe Nietzsche's philosophy as one in rupture with the notion of divine and immutable values and which de-estabilizes beliefs in absolute truths. In order to illustrate the nietzschean genealogical method in operation, we investigate phenomena such as resentment and asceticism, re-inserted into the historical flow and understood with connection with their physiological, psychological and socio-political basis. Grounded on extensive literature review of the work of Nietzsche and his commentators (especially Jaspers, Wotling, Rosset, Giacoia, Moura, Ferraz, among others), it is argued that Nietzsche’s philosophy surpasses Platonic-Christian split between two worlds and also overcomes the dualism between body and spirit. The anti-idealistic philosophy of Nietzsche, critical of moral absolutism and metaphysical supernaturalism, acts as a "school of suspicion" inviting us to free our thought from subservience, credulity and uncritical obedience to tradition. This research also explores the theme of “the death of God" and the collapse of the Judeo-Christian values, and the concomitant rise of nihilism, in the context of a philosophy that seeks to suggest and open new avenues for the human adventure, by mobilizing concepts such as amor fati, Over-Man and "fidelity to the earth." Nietzsche’s thought is not understood only in its critical potential, shattering traditional idealistic metaphysics, but also as a creator of a tragic and dyonisian wisdom which stands at the antipodes of both ascetic ideals and nihilistic doctrines. / Esta dissertação de mestrado tem por objetivo refletir sobre a filosofia de Friedrich Nietzsche (1844-1900), compreendida como tentativa de superação tanto da metafísica quanto do niilismo. Destaca-se a valorização nietzschiana de um pensamento dotado de senso histórico, fiel ao devir ininterrupto do real, o que implica em uma cosmovisão semelhante à de Heráclito. Defende-se que a posição peculiar de Nietzsche na história da filosofia moral consiste na análise crítica da multiplicidade de diferentes valorações morais, sempre remetidas a suas fontes humanas (demasiado humanas). Através da atenção às circunstâncias e condições de surgimento, desenvolvimento e ocaso dos diversos ideais, valores morais e doutrinas religiosas, procuramos mostrar como Nietzsche constitui uma filosofia que rompe com a noção de valores divinos e imutáveis, além de des-estabilizar crenças em verdades absolutas. De modo a ilustrar o método genealógico nietzschiano em operação, investigam-se fenômenos como o ressentimento e o ascetismo, re-inseridos no fluxo histórico e compreendidos a partir de seus pressupostos psicológicos, fisiológicos e sócio-políticos. Com base em ampla pesquisa bibliográfica da obra de Nietzsche e comentadores (como Jaspers, Wotling, Rosset, Giacoiua, Moura, Ferraz, dentre outros), argumenta-se que a filosofia nietzschiana realiza uma ultrapassagem da cisão platônico-cristã entre dois mundos, além de uma superação do dualismo entre corpo e espírito. Procura-se descrever como a filosofia anti-idealista de Nietzsche, avessa ao absolutismo e ao sobrenaturalismo, age como uma “escola da suspeita”, convidando-nos a um filosofar liberto de subserviência, credulidade e obediência acrítica à tradição. Explora-se também a temática da “morte de Deus” e da derrocada dos valores judaico-cristãos, além da concomitante escalada do niilismo, no contexto de uma filosofia que busca sugerir e abrir novas vias para a aventura humana ao mobilizar conceitos como amor fati, além-do-homem e “fidelidade à terra”. Nietzsche é compreendido não somente em seu potencial crítico, demolidor da tradição idealista e metafísica, mas também como criador de uma sabedoria trágica e dionisíaca que se posiciona nas antípodas tanto dos ideais ascéticos quanto dos ideários niilistas.