Esta dissertação trata de code-switching e footing na sitcom estadunidense Friends. Tanto a troca linguística como o posicionamento identitário são elementos de análise da Sociolinguística Interacional (GOFFMAN, 1981; HUDSON, 1996; DURANTI, 1997), que é a teoria basilar desta investigação. Não somente aspectos teóricos desse arcabouço são utilizados como também estudos sobre humor (RASKIN, 1979; WRIGHT, 1875), sitcom (FURQUIM, 1999; SAVORELLI, 2010; VANDAELE, 1996), multimodalidade (GOODWIN, 2010; KRESS; LEEUWEN, 1996; VIEIRA; SILVESTRE, 2015), estereótipos (LAKOFF, 1987; SCHIAPPA; GREGG; HEWES, 2005), performance (TURNER, 1987), generalização social (BLUM, 2004), dentre outros. A fim de responder ao problema desta pesquisa, que reside em entender se o code-switching e o footing são mecanismos de geração do humor na sitcom Friends, optamos pelo estudo de caso dessa comédia seriada e pela investigação dos atos comunicativos em que se fazem presentes a alternância de código linguístico e o reposicionamento identitário. O objetivo geral da pesquisa é examinar a relação entre a geração de humor e as situações em que há a presença de code-switching entre Inglês Americano e do Inglês Britânico e de posicionamento entre variedades do Inglês Americano, além de considerar o posicionamento multimodal das interações comunicativas em episódios da sitcom Friends. Os objetivos específicos são (a) identificar os construtos identitários culturais na sitcom Friends, (b) identificar as situações de code-switching na geração de humor, (c) analisar situações de code-switching e aspectos multimodais na interação comunicativa e (d) analisar os efeitos do humor, com ênfase em fatores culturais intervenientes. Com a finalidade de cumprir com esses objetivos, alicerçamos nossa pesquisa, também, nos estudos de framing (GOFFMAN, 1974), que foram identificados nas cenas em que há code-switching e footing, que foram transcritas a partir da simbologia da Análise da Conversa (SACKS; SCHEGLOFF; JEFFERSON, 1974). Os resultados demonstram que, nos episódios da série Friends que foram analisados, o code-switching e o footing são mecanismos potenciais estratégicos de geração de humor que se formam em situações plurais com diversas funções de comicidade, tais como: sátira cultural, caricaturização estereotipada, representação da realidade, dentre outras. / This dissertation is about code-switching and footing in the north-american sitcom Friends. Both the switch of language and the identity positioning are objects of analysis for the Interactional Sociolinguistics area (GOFFMAN, 1981; HUDSON, 1996; DURANTI, 1997), which is the main theory of this investigation. Not only theoretical aspects of this background are used but also studies about humour (RASKIN, 1979; WRIGHT, 1875), sitcom (FURQUIM, 1999; SAVORELLI, 2010; VANDAELE, 1996), multimodalidality (GOODWIN, 2010; KRESS; LEEUWEN, 1996; VIEIRA; SILVESTRE, 2015), estereotypes (LAKOFF, 1987; SCHIAPPA; GREGG; HEWES, 2005), performance (TURNER, 1987), social generalization (BLUM, 2004), among others. In order to solve the problem of this research, which resides in understanding whether both code-switching and footing are strategies of humour in the sitcom Friends, we opted for the case study of this situational comedy and for the investigation of the communicative acts in which the switch of linguistic codes and identity repositiong are found. The general objective of this research is to examine the connection between humour creation and the situations in which there is evidence of code-switching between American English and British English, positioning between American English varieties and the multimodal positioning of communicative interactions in episodes of the sitcom Friends. The specific objectives are (a) to identify the constructs of cultural identity in the sitcom Friends, (b) to identify the situations of code-switching in the humour generation, (c) to analyse the situations of code-switching and the multimodal aspects of the communicative act and (d) to analyse the effects of humour, highlighting the intervenient cultural aspects related to such effects. In order to fulfill these objectives, we, also, based our research on the studies of framing (GOFFMAN, 1974), which are identified in the scenes of code-switching and footing, being transcribed according to the Conversation Analysis symbolic conventions (SACKS; SCHEGLOFF; JEFFERSON, 1974). The results show that, in the episodes of the series Friends analysed, both code-switching and footing are potential strategic mecanisms to create humour formed in several situations through different comical functions, such as: cultural satire, stereotyped caricature, reality representation, among others.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T18:23:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Giseli Previdente Martins Vicentini.pdf: 1229296 bytes, checksum: 846a1f274d842f51aa6d02bc8be3fcb9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-05-18 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The aim of this study was to suggest a complementation of an activity from the coursebook InsideOut Upper Intermediate (Kay e Jones, 2001), through Corpus Linguistic analysis. The main theoretical underpinning for the research is provided by Corpus Linguistics, which is an area that is concerned with the collection and analysis of corpora, which are collections of texts that have been carefully collected for linguistic research. Although the literature in the area is extensive, there is a shortage of research dealing with the areas of Corpus Linguistics and English Language Teaching the way this research attempts to do. Two corpora have been used in this research. The main corpus, which is a collection of all the episodes of the sitcom Friends, is made up of 883,453 words; the other corpus was a reference corpus containing 4.,35,731 words from the oral component of the British National Corpus (BNC). The research questions investigated in this study aimed at the identification, in the corpora, of the most frequent lexicogrammatical patterns of the words and expressions focused by the activity in the coursebook. The analysis made it possible to select lexicogrammatical patterns for inclusion in activities that were designed to complement activities in the coursebook. These were detailed in the third chapter of the disseertation. The study presented here will hopefully make an original contribution to the existing body of corpus-based research, more specifically in the area of Corpus Linguistics and English Language Teaching, by detailing an attempt at bringing together DDL and Sociointeractionism in practical activities for the EFL classroom / O trabalho teve como objetivo geral sugerir a complementação de uma atividade proposta pelo material didático InsideOut Upper Intermediate (Kay e Jones, 2001), tomando-se como ponto de partida, a investigação lingüística por meio de corpora. Para tanto, o trabalho encontrou suporte teórico na Lingüística de Corpus, que pode ser definida como a área da Lingüística que se ocupa da coleta e exploração de corpora, ou conjunto de dados lingüísticos textuais, em formato legível por computador, que foram coletados criteriosamente com o propósito de servirem para a pesquisa de uma língua ou variedade lingüística (Berber Sardinha, 2004:3). Além da Lingüística de Corpus, a pesquisa também inspirou-se na teoria socionteracionista de Vygotsky (1933/1989), mais especificamente, adotando critérios para a elaboração de material didático com características de mediação, descritos por Feuerstein (1990). Dois corpora foram empregados na pesquisa. O corpus de estudo é composto por todos os episódios das dez temporadas do seriado Friends, totalizando 883.453 palavras. O corpus de referência é composto pela parte oral do British National Corpus (BNC) 4.335.731 palavras. As questões de pesquisa propostas foram as seguintes: (1) Quais são os padrões léxico-gramaticais mais freqüentes das palavras e expressões propostas pela atividade do livro didático a ser complementado? (2) Os padrões encontrados no corpus de estudo também estão presentes no corpus de referência? (3) Como o resultado da análise pode ser transformado em atividades que promovam a conscientização desses padrões? (4) As atividades elaboradas colocaram em prática os princípios teóricos e metodológicos propostos em relação aos critérios de elaboração estabelecidos? Os resultados das análises permitiram a escolha criteriosa dos itens a serem utilizados na elaboração das atividades sugeridas no final do capítulo três. A pesquisa pretende ter contribuído para a área de Lingüística de Corpus mais especificamente para a área de Lingüística de Corpus e Ensino, na medida em que proporciona uma aplicação da Lingüística de Corpus e de seus procedimentos e ferramentas no ensino de Língua Inglesa. Além disso, ao fazer uso de critérios do DDL e da EAM conjuntamente, para a elaboração e sugestão de atividades didáticas, por meio de um corpus de linguagem oral, audiovisual, espera-se ter mostrado alguns possíveis caminhos para a aproximação entre DDL e alguns princípios do Sociointeracionismo, visando a preencher uma lacuna importante na literatura

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This study focused on records management in churches, particularly the Friends Church (Quakers) in Kenya. The study sought to find out the record types and formats created or received, establish records management systems currently being used, investigate the challenges faced in managing the records, and assess the status quo in records management as well as recommend possible solutions for the Friends Church in Kenya. Both qualitative and quantitative were used to collect data from the field. Through interviews, data was collected from pastors, church administrators, and church members. Exploratory research design was adopted in conducting in-depth interviews among the participants in order to understand records management practices in the Friends Church in Kenya and provide recommendations for improvement. Purposive sampling technique was adopted to select a sample size of 24 participants who included individuals with relevant information about records management in the Friends Church in Kenya. The response rate for this study was 100 percent. The study discovered that records created or received by the Friends Church in Kenya were not properly managed. This was due to lack of an electronic system of records management, inadequate qualified personnel to manage records, inaccessible records when needed, lack of fire protected cabinets, poor leadership, among others. These culminated to time wastage in churches, conflicts, overspending on various church activities, unproductivity, loss of file(s) that contain vital information, poor organization and culture, and some committed church members left the church. The Study concluded that for the Friends Church to achieve operational efficiency, it is important that the church leadership establish records management offices that are equipped with requisite resources to effectively manage paper based records and electronic records. / Information Science / M. Inf. (Information Science)

Det finns ett stort behov av att effektivisera byggbranschen i Sverige och partnering ses ofta som ett möjligt arbetssätt för att uppnå bättre resultat. Uppfattningen om vad partnering i ett byggprojekt innebär skiljer sig dock åt. Trots detta genomförs forskning runt om i världen i syfte att belysa skillnader mellan traditionella byggprojekt och partneringprojekt. Resultaten är inte tydliga och forskningen har fått kritik för att vara partisk genom att främst fokusera på fördelarna och inte på svårigheter och nackdelar. Med syftet att fördjupa kunskapen om partnering har två tillsynes likvärdiga byggprojekt jämförts. Det är Stockholms två nya arenor som har studerats; Friends Arena och Tele2 Arena. Jämförelser har baserats på vilka partneringprocesser och dimensioner av partnering som använts. Studien har även sökt efter andra projektpåverkande faktorer för att få en mer komplett bild av den miljö som partneringprojekt agerar i. Telefonintervjuer har genomförts med representanter från respektive part och projekt och resultatet visar på stora skillnader mellan projekten. Slutsatserna är att branschen bör enas om en grundnivå av partneringprocesser och dimensioner av partnering som ska användas för att ett projekt ska få kalla sig partneringprojekt. Vid rekrytering av nyckelresurser till projekt eller vid jämförelse av produktivitet och kostnader samt även vid erfarenhetsåterföring från andra partneringprojekt, baseras informationen på dagens breda flora av s k partneringprojekt. Det innebär risk för att felaktiga slutsatser dras som i sig ligger till grund för de beslut som fattas. / There is a need to increase productivity within the Swedish construction industry and Partnering is often seen as a possible way to achieve higher result. Though the understanding of Partnering varies, research is made, around the world, with purpose to compare Partnering projects with Non-partnering projects. There are no clear results and the research has been criticised for being partial by enhancing the advantages and not looking at problems and disadvantages. With purpose to deepen the knowledge of Partnering, a study of two equal construction projects has been made, using Stockholm’s new arenas as cases Friends Arena and Tele2 Arena. The study has been carried out by comparing processes and dimensions of partnering in addition to looking for other variables that has affected the projects, in order to achieve a better understanding of the nature of projects. Interviews have been made with representatives from each actor and project. The result shows great differences between the two projects. The conclusion is that the construction business needs to agree on common ground regarding processes and dimensions that shall take place within a project in order to be called a Partnering project. When recruiting key-competence to projects or comparing productivity and cost as well as handling feedback from other Partnering projects the information is based on today's large variety of so-called partnering projects. This comes with the risk that wrong conclusions underlie decision-making.

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No description available.

Tyrimo objektas – Mokinių socialinės paramos, fizinės aplinkos ir mokymosi pasiekimų sąsajos su fiziniu aktyvumu Tyrimo tikslas – Nustatyti 8–9 klasių mokinių socialinės paramos, fizinės aplinkos ir mokymosi pasiekimų sąsajas su fiziniu aktyvumu. Uždaviniai: 1. Nustatyti mokinių fizinį aktyvumą lyties ir amžiaus aspektu. 2. Nustatyti socialinė paramos įtaką mokinių fiziniam aktyvumui. 3. Nustatyti fizinės aplinkos įtaką mokinių fiziniam aktyvumui. 4. Nustatyti mokinių mokymosi pasiekimus skirtingo fizinio aktyvumo aspektu. 5. Nustatyti fizinio aktyvumo, socialinės paramos įtakos, fizinės aplinkos ir mokinių mokymosi pasiekimų tarpusavio sąsajas. Išvados: 1. Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad 52,2 proc. tirtų mokinių buvo fiziškai aktyvūs ir 47,7 proc. pasyvių, fiziškai aktyvesni buvo vaikinai (p<0,05), fiziniu aktyvumu dažniau užsiima vyresni mokiniai. Dauguma mokinių fiziniam aktyvumui per savaitę skiria po 2–3 kartus per savaitę. Fiziškai aktyvesni mokiniai subjektyvų savo fizinį aktyvumą ir pajėgumą vertino aukštesniais balais. 2. Nustatyta, kad tėvai palaiko ir paremia jaunesnius mokinius ir vaikinus fiziniam aktyvumui (p<0,05). Tyrimo metu nustatyta, kad tėvai mažiau domisi vyresnio vaiko fiziniu aktyvumu, nei jaunesnio, o taip pat vaikinus fiziniam aktyvumui remia mažiau, nei merginas. Išanalizavus draugų įtaką mokinių fiziniam aktyvumui pastebėjome, kad vyresnių klasių mokiniai kur kas dažniau siūlo užsiimti fiziniu aktyvumu kartu. Šiuo atveju jaunesni mokiniai savo... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The object of research – Students of social support, physical environment and learning outcomes interfaces with physical activity The aim – Set of 8-9 grade students of social support, physical environment and learning outcomes relationship with physical activity. Objectives: 1. Set the physical activity of students by gender and age. Third set of physical environment on students physical activity. 2. Identify social support impact on student physical activity. 3. Identify the physical environment on students' physical activity. 4. Identify students' learning achievements of different aspects of physical activity. 5. Set physical activity, social support influence the physical environment and the students' learning achievement between the interfaces. Conclusions: 1. The study found that 52,2 rate surveyed students were physically active and 47,7 rate passive, were more physically active males (p<0,05), physical activity, older students more engaged. Most of the students' physical activity per week to 2 – 3 times a week. Physically active students of their subjective physical activity and capacity by higher scores. 2. It was found that parents support and support younger pupils and boys physical activity (p<0,05). The study found that parents are less interested in the older child's physical activity than younger, but also guys supporting physical activity less than girls. The analysis of students' friends and influence physical activity found that older students much more... [to full text]

The illegal drug ecstasy, chemically known as 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), sometimes contains additional chemicals which can pose health risks to users. This thesis examines strategies that recreational ecstasy users in Victoria, British Columbia utilize to determine the purity of their ecstasy. It also examines why they use these strategies and if they are concerned about impure ecstasy affecting their health because this information can help explain the use of these strategies. I performed a quantitative analysis of data collected by the Centre for Addictions Research of BC’s survey, the Canadian Recreational Drug Use Survey, to determine the strategies participants utilized to minimize potential harms caused by ecstasy use. This analysis revealed that 73.9% of survey participants discussed purity of ecstasy with friends, 33.3% checked drug information websites, 17.4% used an ecstasy testing kit, 2.9% asked harm reduction services for advice, and 0% owned a testing kit. In addition, the data revealed that the participants were more likely to take ecstasy from a friend than a stranger. Next, I developed an interview guide based on these findings and I interviewed 10 female recreational ecstasy users. I chose to interview women only because recreational drug use by women is underrepresented in the drug literature. The most common strategy the women utilized to determine ecstasy purity was to discuss ecstasy with friends. They preferred this strategy because it was a convenient, practical strategy. Also, they perceived their friends to be a trusted source of ecstasy and ecstasy information. Half the women analyzed how they felt after ingesting ecstasy to determine its purity because they believed different chemicals caused different effects. Others assessed the physical characteristics of their ecstasy to try to determine purity because they believed these characteristics could reveal its chemical contents. One participant used an ecstasy testing kit, but the rest cited multiple barriers to their use. Some women also had negative attitudes towards testing kits and felt no social pressure to use them. I asked the participants about their use of ecstasy testing laboratories, but none used this service because they did not know it existed. Overall, none of the women seemed concerned about ecstasy impurity harms. This could be due to four factors. First, their ecstasy use patterns made them feel safe from harms related to ecstasy use. Second, recreational ecstasy use was “normal” amongst young adults in Victoria who attend parties, raves, or clubs. Third, they primarily obtained ecstasy and ecstasy information from trusted friends. Fourth, they had never suffered significant harm caused by ecstasy impurity, even though all of the women believed they had ingested impure ecstasy. / Graduate

Subject: How a drogue ex-user see a period of his addiction. Abstract: The work focus on the actual situation of ex-users. These people were fighting with an addiction and now they are a part of the majority society. The qualitative research, inspired by a grounded theory, try to approach their point of view. What they think about their past and how do they see their relations with a family, friends and a vicinage. Not just in that period but nowadays as well. Relationships with home-folks are stigmatized by a degree of drug addiction. The smaller addiction the smaller losses. Once a drug user is falling down into the drug trap, the losses depend on how deep he will fall. On the bottom there are no friends, no family, just nothing. Some of the drug users do not fall to the bottom, they do their decision earlier. We call that decision a break point ( a moment when they decide to abstain). A break point comes individually and it is connected to an "interior border" of each person. Anyway, it is a moment, when an individual concerned decide to live a different way. It is a very intense moment and very fundamental for a abstinence success. We have used an interview to study not just this phenomenon. During the interview we tried to find out how a life looks with and without an addiction. Key words: addiction,...