This research project explores an area which had been touched only tangentially, being a comparative analysis of the idea and interpretations of friendship which emerge from the three vernacular collections attributed to the supervision of King Alfonso X of Castile (1252-1284): namely the Marian songs Cantigas de Santa María, the law code known as the Siete Partidas and the chronicle Estoria de España. These sources have been examined by adopting a thematic approach which has highlighted the existence of categories such as spiritual, religious and political friendships, as well as other forms of amicable relationships, including those between representatives of different religious, ethnic and social groups. Additionally, this study demonstrates that there was a conscious adoption of a specific lexicon of amicitia which contributed to reinforce either the opposition or the coincidence between friendship, companionship and counsellorship. Despite the undeniable inheritance of both classical eastern and western traditions, the works of the ‘Learned’ King present a peculiar idea of friendship which was deeply affected by contemporary historical contingencies and by the political and cultural projects of a sovereign who wanted to be regarded as a friend of his people, without denying, however, the unbridgeable gap which existed between different social groups. Interestingly, even if the Alfonsine works display a complicated range of relationships which envisage clear differences, they still outline a perfectly-balanced system within which the general and untouchable rules of friendship predominated, although in some cases certain variants were allowed in order to adapt such general requirements to contemporary social and political situations.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the prevalence and quality of on-line friendships, to find which individual characteristics differentiate people who look for and form on-line friendship(s) from those who don't, and to discover factors which are of importance for the development of on-line friendship(s). 574 Internet users completed an on-line questionnaire. The results showed that: (1) almost 50% of respondents had on-line friendship(s); (2) off-line friendships were better developed than on-line friendships. However, there was only a minor difference between the quality of the best off-line and best on-line friendships; (3) the Internet was a safe place for building personal relationships, especially for shy individuals; (4) people who felt lonely were more likely to turn to the Internet to find friends; (5) Internet usage and attitudes to the Internet were significant factors that differentiated those who looked for and formed friendship(s) on-line from those who didn't. / Psychology / M.A. (Psychology)

published_or_final_version / Social Work / Master / Master of Social Work

published_or_final_version / Education / Master / Master of Education

本研究旨在探讨与青少年自我概念有关的三方面问题。首先是关于青少年自我概念的来源。在符号互动理论和依恋理论的指导下，已有研究揭示了他人的评价以及个体与他人的关系质量对自我概念的影响。但这些研究通常只关注父母、老师或者同伴之一对被试的评价或者与被试的关系质量对被试自我概念的影响。这使得父母、老师和同伴在自我概念形成过程中的相对重要性，以及他人评价与关系质量之间可能存在的交互作用没有得到充分的研究。因此，本研究调查了父母、老师和朋友对青少年的评价及与青少年的关系对青少年多维度自我概念 （学业、社会、体育、外貌、行为）的影响。具体来说，我比较了父母、老师和朋友在各维度的自我概念形成过程中的相对重要性，并探索了他人评价与关系质量之间可能存在的交互作用。其二，鉴于以往研究显示了多维度自我概念与总体自我价值感之间的紧密联系，以及这种联系可能存在的文化差异，我在一个尚未得到充分研究的群体，即，中国农村青少年，中探索了它们之间的关系。其三，鉴于以往研究对留守儿童自我概念发展的争论，我探索了留守儿童和与父母生活在一起的儿童在自我概念平均水平上及他人对自我概念的影响作用上可能存在的差异。 / 本研究调查了中国四川农村地区的799个7到12年级的中学生（其中包括175个留守儿童）。主要的研究结果如下：（1）在不同的理论视角下，父母、老师和朋友在自我概念的不同维度上所起作用不同。从符号互动理论来看，朋友的评价对各个维度的自我概念几乎都有着最重要的影响。从依恋理论来看，朋友关系质量对社会自我的影响最大，但对学业自我和体育自我没有特别的影响。师生关系质量对学业自我和体育自我的影响最大。他人评价与关系质量之间的交互作用具体有：与老师的关系越好，自己对外貌的评价便与老师的评价越相近；与朋友的关系越好，自己对行为的评价便与朋友的评价越接近。（2）对本研究中的中国农村青少年而言，在外貌和行为方面的自我概念与总体自我价值感之间的关系最紧密。（3）留守儿童与和父母生活在一起的儿童在自我概念的形成方面基本相似。不同之处在于：留守女孩与父母关系更差；留守儿童对自己外貌的评价与老师的评价联系更紧密，而与父母的评价联系更小。 / 本研究对于帮助我们更好的理解青少年自我概念的形成有一定的贡献。首先，它揭示了父母、老师和朋友在自我概念不同维度的形成过程中的相对重要性， 并且揭示了他人评价与关系质量之间可能存在的交互作用。其次，它揭示了在中国农村青少年中多维度自我概念与总体价值感之间的关系。再次，它在一定程度上澄清了前人关于留守儿童自我概念发展的争论。此外，它展示了同时从不同理论视角，研究多种社会情境对儿童发展的影响的优势。最后，它为提升自我价值感的项目和留守儿童相关政策的制定提供了理论依据和建议。 / This study aims to explore three aspects of adolescents’ self-concept development. The first and primary aspect concerns the potential influential factors of self-concept. Previous research built on symbolic interactionism or attachment theory suggests the effect of reflected appraisal and relationship quality on self-concept respectively. However, usually either reflected appraisal or relationship quality alone was examined in single context (e.g., parent), thus, leaving their potential interactive effect and the relative importance of different contexts underexplored. This study, therefore, mainly focused on the concurrent relationship between reflected appraisal, relationship quality and the multi-domain self-concept (i.e., academic, social, athletic, appearance and behavioral) in multiple contexts (i.e., parents, teachers and peers). Specifically, relative importance of different contexts and the interactive effects of reflected appraisal and relationship quality in different domains were investigated. The second aspect considered the relationship between domain-specific self-concept and self-esteem. Previous studies suggested the effect of domain-specific self-concept, but the relative importance of different domains may vary across cultures. Thus, this study explored their relative importance in an underexplored culture, rural China. The third aspect concerned potential effect of left-behind status (left-behind children vs. children living with parents) on self-concept development. Since limited existing works provided inconsistent findings, I, specifically, tested the potential effects on mean-level self-concept and related factors (i.e., reflected appraisal and relationship quality) as well as their relationship. / A cross-sectional survey was conducted in rural areas of Si Chuan, China. Participants are 799 adolescents ranging from grade 7 to 12 (175 left-behind children). Major findings of this study were as follows: (1) The relative importance of parents, friends and teachers differed across domains of self-concept and theoretical perspectives. From the interactionism perspective, parents’, friends’ and teachers’ appraisals all could explain unique variance of self-concept in most domains but friends’ appraisals tended to be most important in all domains. From the attachment perspective, relationship quality with friends was most important in social domain but could not explain unique variance of self-concept in academic and athletic domain, where teachers are most influential. Significant interactive effect of reflected appraisal and relationship quality was found in peers’ context (in behavioral conduct) and teachers’ context (in physical appearance) but not in parents’ context. (2) Physical appearance and behavioral conduct domain were most predictive of self-esteem. (3) Left-behind children were similar to children living with parents except that left-behind girls had lower relationship quality with parents and left-behind children’s self-evaluation of physical appearance was more associated with parents’ appraisals than teachers’ appraisals. / Theoretically, this study contributes to our understanding of adolescents’ self-concept development by demonstrating (1) the relative importance of parents, friends and teachers in different domains of self-concept and the interactive effect of reflected appraisal and relationship quality; (2) relationship between domain-specific self-concept and self-esteem in a underexplored population, rural China; (3) left-behind status variation on self-concept development. It also underscores the merit of multi-context study and taking different theoretical perspectives. Practically, it provides evidence and advice for self-esteem enhancement programs and policies regarding left-behind children. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Hou, Yang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 83-101). / Abstracts and appendixes also in Chinese. / Abstract (English) --- p.i / Abstract (Chinese) --- p.iii / Acknowledgement --- p.v / Table of Contents --- p.vi / List of Tables --- p.viii / List of Figures --- p.x / Chapter Chapter 1 --- : introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Self-concept --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Definition and measurement of self-concept --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- The value of self-concept in child development --- p.5 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Self-concept in adolescence --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2 --- Potential influential factors of self-concept --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Symbolic interactionism perspective --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Attachment theory perspective --- p.14 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Potential interactive effect of reflected appraisal and relationship quality --- p.18 / Chapter 1.3 --- Relationship between domain-specific self-concept and global self-worth --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4 --- Left-behind children --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Self-concept of Left-behind children --- p.25 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Social relationships of left-behind children --- p.26 / Chapter 1.4.3 --- Reflected appraisals of left-behind children --- p.29 / Chapter 1.5 --- The current study --- p.30 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- : method --- p.33 / Chapter 2.1 --- Participants --- p.33 / Chapter 2.2 --- Procedure --- p.35 / Chapter 2.3 --- Measurements --- p.35 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- : Results --- p.40 / Chapter 3.1 --- Descriptive statistics --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2 --- The relationship between reflected appraisals, relationship qualities and self-appraisals in five specific self-concept domains --- p.43 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Academic competence domain --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Social competence domain --- p.46 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Athletic competence domain --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Physical appearance domain --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.5 --- Behavioural conduct domain --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2 --- Relationship between domain-specific self-concept and global self-concept --- p.55 / Chapter 3.3 --- Potential effect of left-behind status on children’s self-concept development --- p.57 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- : discussion --- p.61 / Chapter 4.1 --- Potential influential factors of self-concept --- p.61 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Age and sex variation on the effect of others’ appraisals and relationship qualities with others on adolescents’ self-concept --- p.61 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Relative importance of parents’, peers’ and teachers’ effect --- p.63 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Interactive effect of reflected appraisal and relationship quality --- p.71 / Chapter 4.2 --- Relationship between domain-specific self-concept and global self-worth --- p.72 / Chapter 4.3 --- Self-concept development of left-behind children --- p.75 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Mean level difference in self-concept, reflected appraisal and relationship quality --- p.75 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Influence of parents, friends and teachers on left-behind children’s self-concept --- p.78 / Chapter 4.4 --- Limitation and future direction --- p.79 / Chapter 4.5 --- Conclusion --- p.81 / Chapter References --- p.83 / Chapter Appendix A --- : Self-Perception Profile for Children --- p.102 / Chapter Appendix B --- : Reflected appraisal scales --- p.104 / Chapter Appendix C --- : Relationship quality scales --- p.105

Sex and the City was a television show that aired on Home Box Office from 1998-2004. The tv show succeeded because of feminist's wanting a modern woman's drama rich in episodes about consumption, women's sexuality, financial independence, fashion and contemporary relationship dynamics. The characters captured and perpetuated just that. The modern take on the ideologies that drive women's perception of personal fulfillment, body image, consumerism, social behavior and values and romantic relationship dynamics made this tv show the phenomena that it became.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:12:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2310.pdf: 1867602 bytes, checksum: f52a1dd06e0f3435e26f0e2371ea1484 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-02-04 / This work aims to analyze the Nietzsche s project of an ethics of friendship, as it appears in the writings of the so-called second period of the production of the German philosopher (1876-1882). We begin with the hypothesis that the Nietzsche s philosophy undertaking must be understood as an experimental process that aims to overthrow the metaphysical foundations of the philosophy, art and religion to reveal a affirmative and original intent of morality in which the individual's self appears as main theme. This moral of the individuality, however, relies on the notion of friendship because the individual is understood by Nietzsche as a multiple and constituted from the basis of relations among their peers, whose result is the assertion of life. Objects to the morality of compassion for this lead to the denial of the existence abnegation of the individual and their submission to the fellow man, the German philosopher recovers the notion of friendship as antidote to the decadence of modern relationships, whose balance is the rise of the absolute value of equality gregarious and the consequent illness of the human. The assertion of himself and of the reality are the foundations of a type of thinking that connects the morality to individual pathos which is constructing the shaft from the experimental and obtain as result not a canon of values, but the freedom of spirit and happiness tragic-existential. This hypothesis will require an analysis of methodological assumptions that mark the thought of Nietzsche in this second period, summarized under the concept of experimentalism. In the first chapter of this work is carried out an examination of the experimental procedure and the use of this stratagem for analysis of life and human phenomenon, which leads to the relationship between loneliness, illness and friendship as a privileged space for experimenting with the individual with himself. The three following chapters deal with the Nietzsche's critical of the foundations of the ethics of compassion and then be listed the two devices that characterize the design his project of the ethics of friendship: freedom of spirit and sharing of happiness.The notion of freedom of spirit encompasses some of the virtues of his moral of the future: the courage of detachment, the simplicity that make possible the nomadic life of the stroller and strength of the enemy. The sharing of happiness refers, in turn, the concept of life as celebration, virtue of the laughter and a sense prophylactic of the Mitfreude, which opposed to the compassion (Mitleide) presents itself as a congratulation (Mitfreunde). / O presente trabalho de pesquisa pretende analisar o projeto nietzscheano de uma ética da amizade, tal como esse se apresenta nos escritos do chamado segundo período da produção do filósofo alemão (1876-1882). Parte-se da hipótese de que o empreendimento filosófico de Nietzsche deve ser entendido como um processo experimental que almeja derrocar as bases metafísicas da filosofia, da arte e da religião para revelar uma intenção afirmativa e original da moralidade na qual a autoformação do indivíduo aparece como mote principal. Essa moral da individualidade, entretanto, se apóia sobre a noção de amizade porque o indivíduo é compreendido por Nietzsche como múltiplo e constituído a partir de relações entre seus pares, cujo resultado é a asserção da vida. Opondo-se à moral da compaixão por esta conduzir à negação da existência pela abnegação do indivíduo e sua submissão ao próximo, o filósofo alemão recupera a noção de amizade como antídoto contra a décadence das relações modernas, cujo saldo é a ascenção do valor absoluto da igualdade gregária e o consequente adoecimento do humano. A afirmação de si e da realidade enquanto tal são as bases de um tipo de pensamento que liga a moralidade ao pathos individual que se contrói a partir do eixo experimental e obtém como resultado não um cânone de valores, mas a liberdade do espírito e a alegria trágico-existencial. Essa hipótese exigirá uma análise dos pressupostos metodológicos que marcam o pensamento de Nietzsche nesse segundo período, resumidos sob a noção de experimentalismo. No primeiro capítulo desse trabalho realiza-se um exame do procedimento experimental e do uso desse estratagema para análise da vida e dos fenômenos humanos, o que conduz à relação entre solidão, doença e amizade como espaços privilegiados de experimentação do indivíduo consigo mesmo. Os três capítulos seguintes tratam de analisar a crítica de Nietzsche aos fundamentos da ética da compaixão para, em seguida serem elencados os dois dispositivos que caracterizam o projeto de uma ética da amizade: a liberdade do espírito e a partilha da alegria. A noção de liberdade de espírito encerra algumas das virtudes apresentadas por Nietzsche para a sua moral do futuro: a coragem do desprendimento, a simplicidade que possibilita o nomadismo do andarilho e a resistência do inimigo. A partilha da alegria remete, por sua vez, à concepção da vida como festa, à virtude do riso e ao sentido profilático da Mitfreude, a qual, contraposta à compaixão (Mitleide) se apresenta como congratulação (Mitfreunde).

No description available.

Vänner möts inte längre bara på fysiska platser utan även online på olika typer av plattformar. Denna studie utforskar var onlinevänner träffas, i vilka aktiviteter de umgås, hur frekvent onlinevännerna umgås samt hur många onlinevänner som även träffas offline. Syftet med studien är att få en större förståelse för var och hur människor möter vänner online. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av en enkätundersökning med 1000 deltagare som spreds via sociala nätverkstjänster och offline, samt genom att analysera tidigare forskning inom relaterade ämnen. Resultatet av studien pekar på att det finns ett stort antal olika plattformar där onlinevänner kan skapas. De vanligaste av dessa är Facebook och World of Warcraft. Främst umgås onlinevänner via textchatt, röstchatt och genom att spela tillsammans. De flesta onlinevänner umgås dagligen och majoriteten av deltagarna träffade 2-5 onlinevänner offline. Studien väckte stort engagemang på sociala medier och kan förhoppningsvis komplettera redan existerande forskning samt bidra med inspiration till framtida studier. / Friends no longer meet only in physical places; they can also meet on various different online platforms. This paper aims to explore where online friends meet, in which activities they socialise, how frequent they socialise and how many online friends also meet each other offline. The purpose of this paper is to get a better understanding of where and how people meet friends online. The paper was realised through a survey with 1000 participants, distributed both on social networking sites and offline. An analysis of already existing related research papers was also made. The result of the survey showed that there are various different platforms where online friends can be made. The most common platforms were Facebook and World of Warcraft. Most online friends socialised via text chat, voice chat and through playing games together. The majority of the online friends kept in touch with each other on a daily basis and met 2-5 online friends offline. The survey was given big attention at social networking sites and hopes to complement already existing research as well as contribute with inspiration to further studies.