The principal sanctuaries of Attica outside the asty were situated in strategically important positions at the territorial limits of Athens. It will be argued that the sanctuaries placed on the frontiers of Attica were important nodes in the social construction, expression and implementation of Athenian territoriality. Sanctuaries which accommodated polis-level cults outside the urban centre provided the Athenians with a highly visible means of demarcating and communicating the extent of their territorial sovereignty. These religious sites developed in a visually conspicuous manner at a time when the territorial and social boundaries between the Athenians and neighbouring communities were crystallising. From an early stage in the development of the sanctuary sites of Attica, they played an instrumental role in defining the extent of Athenian territory, a space imbued with meaning in terms of claims of sovereignty and membership within the Athenian community. During the Archaic period, the border sanctuaries of Attica and the cults which they accommodated were elaborated, augmenting Athenian claims to contested borderlands and enhancing the prestige of the polis. The relative ranking and status of Athens in her interpolis relations was thereby enhanced, allowing the Athenians to reduce the threat of invasion of the chora. Following the Persian Wars, the sanctuaries continued to disseminate messages of the power and status of Athens, now hegemon of the Delian League. The structures and rites of the border sanctuaries reified the hegemonic power of Athens. When, during the long and bitter conflict of the Peloponnesian War, it became necessary to control the points of access into Athenian territory along the coastline, Rhamnous and Sounion were fortified. In the Late Classical period, the military role of a number of these sanctuaries was institutionalised. Fortification walls were augmented and refurbished and ephebic involvement in rites and festivals attested the close connection between religious and military activity.

The principal sanctuaries of Attica outside the asty were situated in strategically important positions at the territorial limits of Athens. It will be argued that the sanctuaries placed on the frontiers of Attica were important nodes in the social construction, expression and implementation of Athenian territoriality. Sanctuaries which accommodated polis-level cults outside the urban centre provided the Athenians with a highly visible means of demarcating and communicating the extent of their territorial sovereignty. These religious sites developed in a visually conspicuous manner at a time when the territorial and social boundaries between the Athenians and neighbouring communities were crystallising. From an early stage in the development of the sanctuary sites of Attica, they played an instrumental role in defining the extent of Athenian territory, a space imbued with meaning in terms of claims of sovereignty and membership within the Athenian community. During the Archaic period, the border sanctuaries of Attica and the cults which they accommodated were elaborated, augmenting Athenian claims to contested borderlands and enhancing the prestige of the polis. The relative ranking and status of Athens in her interpolis relations was thereby enhanced, allowing the Athenians to reduce the threat of invasion of the chora. Following the Persian Wars, the sanctuaries continued to disseminate messages of the power and status of Athens, now hegemon of the Delian League. The structures and rites of the border sanctuaries reified the hegemonic power of Athens. When, during the long and bitter conflict of the Peloponnesian War, it became necessary to control the points of access into Athenian territory along the coastline, Rhamnous and Sounion were fortified. In the Late Classical period, the military role of a number of these sanctuaries was institutionalised. Fortification walls were augmented and refurbished and ephebic involvement in rites and festivals attested the close connection between religious and military activity.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Linhas Imprevistas no Horizonte é uma reflexão sobre experiências de desestabilização de um limite imaginado da paisagem, sugerido pela linha do horizonte. Este traço do pensamento é materializado através de vídeos ou objetos em operações poéticas que investigam novos olhares sobre a paisagem. São registros de gestos que se situam entre a desconstrução e a permanência dessa demarcação fictícia. Os trabalhos partem da linha enquanto elemento essencial do desenho para investigar as tensões produzidas ao redesenhar as fronteiras desestabilizadas. Aproximações, deslocamentos, superposição de imagens, espelhamentos e alteração de escalas são alguns dos recursos explorados para questionar o visível e resignificar a paisagem natural. Da mesma forma que cartografias e objetos antigos agregam novos significados às linhas que compõem paisagens poéticas. Assim os trabalhos oscilam entre o desejo de imersão no espaço para fazer fugir os limites e a necessidade de distanciar-se para ver sem perder o foco. Conceitos surgem de conexões entre a arte e a biologia e buscam repensar vivências associadas à sensação de desterritorialização. O que move o processo artístico é a reinvenção constante das identidades humanas e territoriais, associada à noção de paisagem como uma experiência do corpo no espaço / Linhas Imprevistas no Horizonte is a reflection over experiences of destabilization of a imaginated limit of the landscape, suggested by the horizontal line. This line of thought is materialized throughout videos or objects in poetic operations that investigate new gazes over the landscape. They are registrations of gestures that are situated between the deconstruction and the permanence of this fictive borderline. The artworks started from the line as essential element of drawing to investigate the tensions produced by redrawing the destabilizated frontiers. Approximations, displacements, overlapping of images, mirrowings and alterations of scales are some of the ways explored to question the visible and to redefine the natural landscape. In the same way that maps and old objects bring new meanings to the lines that compose poetic landscapes. So the works swing between the desire of diving in the space to take away the limits and the necessity of take distance to see without loosing the focus. Concepts appear out of conexions between art and biology and search for rethought life experiences associated with the sensation of deterritorialization. What moves the artistic process is the permanent reinvention of human and territorial identities, associated with the idea of the landscape as an experience of the body in space

A fronteira é uma área fragilizada; o trânsito livre de pessoas na região faz com que ela seja altamente vigiada, tanto para a segurança quanto o contrabando e tráfico. Essa facilidade de acesso no transito entre os países, traz um número de pessoas que fazem um trajeto longo, muitas vezes com risco de vida eminente, em busca de assistência médica, inexistente no seu país de origem. O pagamento dessa fatura é de responsabilidade do país que realizou o atendimento, assim como a estatística. Os gestores estaduais e municipais tentam contornar essa situação da melhor maneira possível, sem causar perdas financeiras no seu orçamento. A partir da experiência internacional de parcerias entre cidades de fronteira (transfronteirização), esta dissertação tem como eixo principal analisar o caso do município de Foz do Iguaçu, onde a problemática da política brasileira de saúde nas fronteiras se revela em sua potência máxima. O trabalho apresenta a situação do financiamento da saúde na fronteira oeste do Estado do Paraná, propondo um termo de cooperação na assistência e no financiamento. / The frontier is a fragile area. Free traffic of people in this frontier region makes it highly monitored as to safety and as to restrain smuggling and drugs trafficking. Facility of access within coutries, brings in a great number of people who travel a long way, many times, facing great eminent death hazard, in search of medical care that does not exist in their home country. When they are assisted, payment is due to the country responsible for health care Managers try to overcome this situation and avoid financial losses. Inspired by European experience of partnerships between neighbor towns of different countries, this thesis analyzes the situation in Foz do Iguaçu city, where the problem of Brazilian health politics in the frontier is revealed at its maximum. The work presents the health financing situation in the West frontier of Parana State, proposing a cooperation term for health care and health financing, which would allow treatment for this population by Brazilian health system.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Linhas Imprevistas no Horizonte é uma reflexão sobre experiências de desestabilização de um limite imaginado da paisagem, sugerido pela linha do horizonte. Este traço do pensamento é materializado através de vídeos ou objetos em operações poéticas que investigam novos olhares sobre a paisagem. São registros de gestos que se situam entre a desconstrução e a permanência dessa demarcação fictícia. Os trabalhos partem da linha enquanto elemento essencial do desenho para investigar as tensões produzidas ao redesenhar as fronteiras desestabilizadas. Aproximações, deslocamentos, superposição de imagens, espelhamentos e alteração de escalas são alguns dos recursos explorados para questionar o visível e resignificar a paisagem natural. Da mesma forma que cartografias e objetos antigos agregam novos significados às linhas que compõem paisagens poéticas. Assim os trabalhos oscilam entre o desejo de imersão no espaço para fazer fugir os limites e a necessidade de distanciar-se para ver sem perder o foco. Conceitos surgem de conexões entre a arte e a biologia e buscam repensar vivências associadas à sensação de desterritorialização. O que move o processo artístico é a reinvenção constante das identidades humanas e territoriais, associada à noção de paisagem como uma experiência do corpo no espaço / Linhas Imprevistas no Horizonte is a reflection over experiences of destabilization of a imaginated limit of the landscape, suggested by the horizontal line. This line of thought is materialized throughout videos or objects in poetic operations that investigate new gazes over the landscape. They are registrations of gestures that are situated between the deconstruction and the permanence of this fictive borderline. The artworks started from the line as essential element of drawing to investigate the tensions produced by redrawing the destabilizated frontiers. Approximations, displacements, overlapping of images, mirrowings and alterations of scales are some of the ways explored to question the visible and to redefine the natural landscape. In the same way that maps and old objects bring new meanings to the lines that compose poetic landscapes. So the works swing between the desire of diving in the space to take away the limits and the necessity of take distance to see without loosing the focus. Concepts appear out of conexions between art and biology and search for rethought life experiences associated with the sensation of deterritorialization. What moves the artistic process is the permanent reinvention of human and territorial identities, associated with the idea of the landscape as an experience of the body in space

Orientador: Ana Cristina Cavalcanti Lyra / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T02:43:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_HevertonAugusto_M.pdf: 2867857 bytes, checksum: a8f2affcf72d938b865fc77e3f26a610 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Nas últimas décadas as formas de transmissão de conhecimentos têm evoluído muito rapidamente, principalmente pela evolução da tecnologia da informação. A modelagem de sistemas físicos tem atingido grande complexidade, tornando as equações matemáticas difíceis de interpretação. Essa complexidade impõe um desafio no ensino dos componentes dos sistemas de energia elétrica, que pode ser superado com a utilização de ferramentas computacionais. O objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver um aplicativo computacional didático, para simulações de estabilidade da máquina síncrona, que permita a análise da influência do controle de reativo e do sinal estabilizador na estabilidade da máquina síncrona. Além disso, é analisada a influência da reatância do transformador na estabilidade. Neste trabalho todas as análises de estabilidade têm como premissa as fronteiras de estabilidade, oscilatória e aperiódica, desenvolvidas a partir do modelo de 3ª ordem da máquina síncrona. O modelo de 3ª ordem foi desenvolvido a partir do modelo de 5ª ordem, e ambos não incluem os enrolamentos amortecedores. Uma comparação realizada entre os dois modelos mostrou grande semelhança entre os modelos de 3ª e 5ª ordem. Para o desenvolvimento da interface gráfica foi utilizado o Matlab®. A interface foi desenvolvida para maior usabilidade, onde a simulação é realizada sem necessidade do uso de linguagens de baixo nível. Assim, o foco é analisar os gráficos gerados a partir da simulação. Os cinco módulos desenvolvidos foram: simulação do modelo de 3ª ordem, comparação entre o modelo de 3ª e 5ª ordem, comparação entre ganhos de reativo, comparação entre sinais estabilizadores e comparação com e sem transformador. A inclusão de outros módulos pode ser realizada de maneira rápida, proporcionando que atualizações possam ser realizadas sem impacto ao sistema original. / Abstract: The ways to spread knowledge in the last decades have been rapidly evolved, most due to improvements on information technology. The modeling of physical systems has reached vast complexity. In advance, the mathematical equations used on these models have become harder to interpret. This complexity imposes a challenge on teaching synchronous machines and it can be managed through the use of computational resources. The purpose of this work is to develop a didactical application, that helps teaching synchronous machines stability and allow the analysis of the reactive control and stabilizing signal influences on synchronous machine stability. Additionally, the influence of the transformer reactance on the stability is analyzed. Every stability analysis included on this work has as premise the stability frontiers, oscillatory and aperiodic, developed through the synchronous machine's third order model. The 3rd order model was developed from the 5th order and none of the models include dampers winding. A comparison between the 3rd and 5th order models showed great similarity among them. Matlab® was used to develop a graphical interface and the models were simulated with the use of Simulink®. Usability was the key factor during the development of the interface, were the simulations can be done without the need of low-level languages. Thus, the focus should be analyzing the graphics generated through the simulation. The five modules developed were: 3rd order model simulation, comparison between 3rd and 5th order models, reactive gain comparison, stability signal comparisons and the comparison with and without transformer. New modules can be easily added to this work, providing new updates without affecting the original system. / Mestrado / Automação / Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

The Rhodes University professor of Medicinal Chemistry and Nanotechnology, Tebello Nyokong, says the Award for her Scientific Achievements by the International Conference on Frontiers of Polymers and Advanced Materiel (ICFPAM) is an honour, especially since it is awarded in memory of the centenary of the first Nobel Prize in Chemistry awarded to a woman: Marie Curie.

The fullest and most comprehensive unpacking of the term finis has yet to be achieved. Studies have narrowly focussed on the idea of border, boundary or frontier, without even entertaining the prospect of interpreting the study from the ancient point of view. This investigation considers the use of the word finis in Livy and attempts to recreate a conception of finis which mirrors as closely as possible that of a Roman of the Republic up to the very Early Empire. Besides the remarkably high usage of the term by Livy, the author’s work is also useful due to its chronological nature, which allows for broad investigation throughout the Republican Period, as well as shedding light on the Early Imperial concept of finis. The main aim of this dissertation is to provide a collective analysis of diverse cases, which together can help build a complete picture of the detectable features related to the term finis. As well as this, the analysis of the contexts – in which the term finis is used has also cast light on those features of finis – that have remained fixed despite the different historical contexts in which they appear. For example, throughout my study, two fundamental concepts will continue to pop up in front of the reader’s eyes: a) the inapplicability of modern conceptual categories to the idea of finis and b) finis – if translated as border, boundary or frontier – as a concept applicable not to a line, but to a spatial element. On the basis of Livy’s evidence – drawn from his work Ab Urbe Condita – this study attempts to present a reconstruction of the term through the identification of an entirely new concept. This study is conceived in terms of a crescendo, which begins with the basic definitions attached to finis and evolves, adding an increasing number of evidences until it reaches a climax, whereby the reader can see both those invariable features of finis in Livy’s account and the 4 Introduction: Research guidelines evolution of the term as fines are applied within different political contexts. Rome – a city that rose on a finis, the Tiber River – reinvented or remodelled the concept of finis, demonstrating behaviour antithetical to the notion of confining herself behind a ‘single line’. Once identified as a finis, the natural features helped the Romans to exert their imperium, which was itself an embodiment of the features contained within the concept of finis. The establishment of the fines provided an ‘imaginary’ subdivision of the territory subjected to the Roman imperium in a series of land strips. This is documented by Livy through Rome’s expansionist ‘finis-system’, from a single occupation of the Janiculum Hill to the scientific approach and setting of the treaty of Apamea. Although the lacunae in Ab Urbe Condita – from 168 B.C. onwards – do not permit a direct connection between the Late Republic and the Early Empire, some elements can be used to evidence an intimate relationship between Livy’s and Augustus’ thinking and terminology. To some extent, this common intent has made possible this attempted reconstruction of the ‘bordering practices’ used in the last 150 years of the Republic, as well as the possible evolution of such practices in the first 150 about years of the Empire.

The economic development of frontier regions has been neglected in the study of the Roman economy. Traditional core/periphery models suggest that frontiers were marginal zones dependent on a wealthy Mediterranean core, and this view has dominated scholarship for more than thirty years. In light of recent work on the Roman economy, it is clear that many old models need to be reappraised; this thesis examines the economic development of frontiers through the case study of the Rhine River Basin. This region formed one of Rome’s northern frontiers for more than 400 years and has a rich tradition of detailed archaeological and historical research. Using data from the Rhine frontier, this thesis re-examines the nature of frontier economies, arguing that they were dynamic, versatile, and complex rather than subaltern and undeveloped. A new model, based in the analytic framework of economic geography, is suggested as a replacement in order to appreciate the realities and potential of frontier economies.

Student Number : 8534741 - PhD thesis - School of Geography, Archaeology and Environmental Studies - Faculty of Science / During the 19th century the present Makapan Valley World Heritage site was a place of repeated refuge from the conflicts arising from shifting authority, acquisition and loss of power, and competition over the control of resources in the northern regions of Republic of South Africa. During 1854 growing resistance amongst the northern AmaNdebele against the frontier of colonial expansion erupted in the murder of a number of trekboers who were encroaching on their territory. Historic Cave, one of the caves in the Valley, became written into the Afrikaner Nationalist narratives of the 20th century as the place where the Boers avenged the treacherous murder of their fellow trekkers, by suppressing the savage forces of chief Mugombane and his Kekana chiefdom. The events surrounding the siege and the scale of the massacre became blurred in the playing out of these political agendas, while the Kekana oral histories remained silent on the matter. The excavation of Historic Cave, prompted by the contradictions in the historical narrative and the silence in the oral record, provided a means to detect the boundary between what happened and what was said to have happened. This thesis presents the results of a survey of the Valley, the excavation of Historic Cave and the analysis of the remains of the siege of 1854. The archaeological survey and excavation indicates that a number of scurmishes took place in the valley, but that Historic Cave was occupied only on one occasion for any length of time, during the siege of 1854. The lime enriched deposits and dry conditions within the cave have allowed for the exceptional preservation of plant, animal and human remains. This enduring evidence chronicled the activities and steps taken by the Kekana to survive. The spatial layout of the cave together with cultural remains echo the structure and hierarchy of the society trapped within it, which like many African societies of this time comprised a heterogeneous ‘royal’ core and other ‘foreign’ subordinate groups. Evidence for divination reflects the final attempts to divine the cause of misfortune and protect the group against maleficent forces. However, it is argued that the social and religious forces that operated to keep the chiefdom together may have begun to loosen under the pressure of the siege, especially as the polluting forces of death became stronger and the group began to succumb. The remains of young and old people, and the desiccated bodies of a child and a young woman speak of untold suffering and provide a glimpse of the horror within the cave. From this it is reasoned that following the devastation of the siege the core of the chiefdom was challenged; the chief was ‘dealt with’ and the political power base shifted. The real reason for the ‘silence’ then lies at the point of rupture, at the stage when the surviving statesmen contrived a suitable account of ensuing events to give the new chief legitimacy and the lineage continuity.