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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Aspectos fisiológicos e rentabilidade de mamoeiro uenf/caliman 01 sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação. / Physiological aspects and profitability of papaya UENF / 01 Caliman grown under different irrígation leveis.

SOUSA, Mônica Shirley da Silva. 03 July 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Johnny Rodrigues (johnnyrodrigues@ufcg.edu.br) on 2018-07-03T21:31:37Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MÔNICA SHIRLEY DA SILVA SOUSA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEA 2011..pdf: 9971495 bytes, checksum: 281a21e692a012743c390717f1a602bd (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-03T21:31:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MÔNICA SHIRLEY DA SILVA SOUSA - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEA 2011..pdf: 9971495 bytes, checksum: 281a21e692a012743c390717f1a602bd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02 / A irrigação é uma prática bastante utilizada na fruticultura no Nordeste brasileiro, inclusive na cultura do mamoeiro, a fim de aumentar a sua produtividade. Desejando-se conhecer o potencial produtivo de híbrido de mamoeiro sob irrigação, realizou-se um experimento objetivando avaliar suas alterações fisiológicas e rentabilidade sob diferentes lâminas de irrigação, visando subsídios para a agricultura irrigada no sertão paraibano. O trabalho foi realizado no Campus IV do Centro de Ciências Humanas e Agrárias da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, localizado no município de Catolé do Rocha - PB. Foram testadas quatro lâminas de irrigação (50, 75, 100 e 125 % da ETo), sendo a evapotranspiração de referência calculada pelo modelo de Penman-Monteith. Utilizou-se o mamoeiro (Carica papaya L.) UENF/Caliman 01, plantado em fileiras simples, sendo o plantio realizado no espaçamento de 4,0 m x 2,0 m, irrigado por gotejamento. O delineamento adotado foi em blocos ao acaso com 6 repetições e 3 plantas úteis por parcela. As variáveis estudadas foram: condutância estomática (gs), taxa de assimilação de CO2 (A), transpiração (E), eficiência instantânea no uso da água (EUA), concentração interna de CO2 (C7), eficiência instantânea de carboxilação (A/Ci), fluorescência inicial (Fo), fluorescência máxima (Fm), fluorescência variável (Fv), eficiência quântica do fotossistema II (Fv/Fm), massa do fruto (MF), número de frutos (NF), rendimento de fruto e rentabilidade, diâmetro transversal (DT) e diâmetro longitudinal (DL), espessura da polpa (EP) (cm), aparências externa (AE) e interna (AI), sólidos solúveis (SS), acidez titulável (AT), pH da polpa e relação SS/AT. As lâminas de irrigação não exerceram efeito significativo nas trocas gasosas do mamoeiro UENF/Caliman 01. A eficiência quântica do PSLI apresentou maiores valores com a aplicação de 100 % da ETo não sofrendo influência entre os horários avaliados. Melhores índices qualitativos dos frutos foram obtidos quando o mamoeiro foi irrigado com 100 % da ETo. Na lâmina 4 (125 % da ETo) obteve-se a máxima produtividade (66,59 mg ha'1) e de acordo com as análises económicas realizadas verificou-se que o cultivo do mamoeiro apresentou maior retorno económico com a aplicação desse tratamento. O híbrido UENF/Caliman 01 pode ser cultivado na região do sertão paraibano com taxa de reposição entre 100 e 125 % da ETo, sem comprometimento no desempenho produtivo, fisiológico, qualitativo e econômico da cultura. / Irrígation is a practice much used in fruit crop in the brazilian Northeast, including the papaya crop in order to increase their productivity. Wishing to know the productive potential of hybrid papaya under irrígation, an experiment was conducted to evaluate their physiological changes and yield under different irrígation leveis, seeking subsidies for irrigated agriculture in sertão paraibano. The work was done in the Campus IV, at the Center of Human and Agricultural Sciences, State University of Paraíba, located in Catolé do Rocha - PB. Were tested four irrigation leveis (50, 75, 100 and 125 % of ETo) and the reference evapotranspiration calculated by Penman-Monteith model. Was used the papaya (Carica papaya L.) UENF/Caliman 01, planted in single rows, in the spacing 4.0 m x 2.0 m, irrigated by drip. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with six repetitions and three plants per plot. The variables studied were: stomatal conductance (gs), CO2 assimilation rate (A), transpiration (E), instantaneous water use efficiency (EUA), internai C O2 concentration (Ci), instantaneous carboxylation efficiency (A/Ci), initial fluorescence (Fo), maximum fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv), quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Fv / Fm), fruit mass (MF), number of fruits (NF), yield and fruit profitability, transverse diameter (DT) and longitudinal diameter (DL), pulp thickness (EP) (cm), externai appearance (AE) and internai appearance (AI), soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (AT), pulp pH and SS/AT. The water leveis does not have significant effect on gas exchange of papaya UENF/Caliman 01. The quantum efficiency of PSII showed higher values with use of 100 % of ETo not being influenced among the times evaluated. Best qualitative índices of the fruits were obtained when the papaya was irrigated with 100 % of ETo. In the levei 4 (125 % ETo) obtained the maximum yield (66.59 mg ha"1) and according to the economic analysis carried out showed that the cultivation of papaya has a higher economic return with the application of this treatment. The hybrid UENF/Caliman 01 can be cultivated in the region of sertão paraibano with replacement rate between 100 and 125 % of ETo, without compromising on growth performance, physiological, qualitative and economic of the crop.
12

Moscas-das-frutas (Diptera: Tephritidae) e seus Parasitóides (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), em Pomares Domésticos, nos Municípios de Apodi e Baraúna, Rio Grande do Norte / Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) and its Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), in Domestic Orchards, in Regions of Apodi e Baraúna, Rio Grande do Norte

Costa, Gleider Maria de Menezes 04 March 2011 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-12T19:18:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GleiderMMC_TESE.pdf: 1026348 bytes, checksum: c5ea2b42208979c2fd529b86808efddd (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-04 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Rio Grande do Norte State (RN) is one of the greatest producers of tropical fruits, for it has adequate edaphoclimatic conditions for the large scale development of such activity. Due to the negative impact that fruit flies represent to agribusiness, studies regarding this plague are necessary in regions with potential for fruit production. It is also crucial the knowledge on the existing region fruit parasites as to strategically plan the biological control and integrated handling of plagues. The present work was performed in the metropolitan areas of Apodi and Baraúna, located in the semiarid region of RN. It had as objectives identifying the fruit fly species, the distribution patterns and the relationships with their host plants and the associated parasitoids. After three years of data collection, 15.608 fruits and 9.961 tephritid were obtained, of which 4.953 samples of Anastrepha and 5.008 of Ceratitis capitata. The Anastrepha species present in individualized fruits were Anastrepha zenildae (35,82%), Anastrepha sororcula (8,19%), Anastrepha obliqua (4,45%), Anastrepha pickeli (0,74%) and C. capitata (50,8%). Considering the simultaneous presence of fruit flies and parasitoids of the same fruit, it was found Doryctobracon areolatus associated with A. obliqua in cajá fruits; in guavas, there was an association of the parasite with A. sororcula and A. zenildae; in juá fruits, the association was observed only with A. zenildae. The only parasitoid found was the D. areolatus. The total parasite rate found was 4%, valid only for Anastrepha, for it was not found an association of D. areolatus with C. capitata in a same fruit. The cajá host has presented a greater rate of natural parasitism (19%). The logistic regression analysis indicates that the fruit size does not influence the condition of being or not infested. The results of the simple linear regressions indicate that, in general, the fruit weight does not determine the number of puparium. The correlations between the climatic and the biotic factors only point that rainfall affects negatively the percentage of infected fruits / O Estado do Rio Grande do Norte (RN) é um dos maiores produtores de frutas tropicais, dispondo de condições edafoclimáticas adequadas para o desenvolvimento dessa atividade em grande escala. Diante do impacto negativo que as moscas-das-frutas representam para o agronegócio, faz-se necessário que estudos sobre essa praga sejam realizados nas regiões com potencial frutícula, como também é crucial o conhecimento dos parasitóides existentes na região, com vistas ao planejamento estratégico de controle biológico e manejo integrado de pragas. Este trabalho foi realizado nos municípios de Apodi e Baraúna, localizados na região semiárida do RN. Teve como objetivos identificar as espécies de moscas-das-frutas, o padrão de distribuição e as relações com plantas hospedeiras e seus parasitóides associados. Após três anos de coletas, obteve-se 15.608 frutos e 9.961 tefritídeos, sendo 4.953 exemplares de Anastrepha e 5.008 de Ceratitis capitata. As espécies de Anastrepha presentes nos frutos individualizados foram Anastrepha zenildae (35,82%), Anastrepha sororcula (8,19%), Anastrepha obliqua (4,45%), Anastrepha pickeli (0,74%) e C. capitata (50,8%). Considerando a presença simultânea de moscas-das-frutas e parasitóides em um mesmo fruto, encontrou-se em cajá Doryctobracon areolatus associado com A. obliqua; em goiabas, houve associação do parasitóide com A. sororcula e A. zenildae; em juá, a associação foi observada apenas com A. zenildae. O único parasitóide encontrado foi o D. areolatus. O índice de parasitismo total encontrado foi de 4%, válido apenas para Anastrepha, pois não se constatou associação de D. areolatus com C. capitata em um mesmo fruto. O hospedeiro cajá apresentou o maior índice de parasitismo natural (19%). A análise de regressão logística indica que o tamanho do fruto não influencia a condição de ser ou não infestado. Os resultados das regressões lineares simples indicam que, de modo geral, o peso dos frutos não determina o número de pupários. As correlações entre os fatores meteorológicos e os fatores bióticos apontam que apenas a pluviosidade afeta negativamente a porcentagem de frutos infestados
13

Perspectiva do emprego de limonoides do nim (Azadirachta indica) no controle comportamental de Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) / Employment outlook of neem limonoids (Azadirachta indica) in the behavioral control of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Márcio Alves Silva 12 January 2015 (has links)
Visando contribuir para o manejo de moscas-das-frutas em parreirais de uva, inicialmente determinou-se, neste estudo, a concentração limiar dos limonoides azadiractina e 3-tigloilazadiractol (AzaMax®) capaz de inibir completamente a oviposição de Ceratitis capitata em frutos de uva. Em seguida, foram averiguados os estímulos envolvidos na inibição da oviposição da praga pelos referidos limonoides. Posteriormente, avaliou-se a proteção do parreiral de uva pelos limonoides contra C. capitata no polo de produção de Petrolina/PE, Brasil. Finalmente, foi avaliada a atividade biológica residual dos limonoides sobre a praga em parreiral de uva no polo de produção de Petrolina. A concentração limiar para a completa inibição da oviposição de C. capitata se dá com 100 ppm de azadiractina (+ 28,5 ppm de 3-tigloilazadiractol) na superfície de frutos de uva. A inibição da oviposição é drástica a partir de 50 ppm de azadiractina (+ 14,3 ppm de 3-tigloilazadiractol) em situação de chance de escolha do hospedeiro. A seleção hospedeira de C. capitata não é afetada por concentração igual ou inferior a 7,5 ppm de azadiractina (+ 2,14 ppm de 3-tigloilazadiractol) na superfície de frutos de uva. A concentração limiar de 100 ppm de azadiractina (+ 28,5 ppm de 3-tigloilazadiractol) impede que o hospedeiro seja reconhecido pela praga em função dos estímulos que promovem a inquietação (irritação), locomoção e consequente dispersão da praga. Assim, os limonoides (AzaMax®) podem ser qualificados como repelentes com baixa capacidade de difusão. Os limonoides em alta concentração ocasionam mortalidade sobre C. capitata, porém não evitam que os cachos ou frutos de uva sejam injuriados e ou infestados por C. capitata numa condição de baixa população natural ou artificial em campo. As conclusões registradas corroboram a hipótese de que são necessárias mais investigações pormenorizadas para avaliação do efeito de limonoides do nim sobre C. capitata em campo. A perspectiva de controle comportamental de moscas-das-frutas utilizando limonoides do nim foi discutida, com especial referência para C. capitata em parreirais de uva. / Aiming to contribute to the management of fruit flies in the vineyards, this research initially determined the concentration threshold of limonoids azadirachtin and 3-tigloylazadirachtol (AzaMax®) able to completely inhibit oviposition of Ceratitis capitata in grape fruits. Then the stimuli involved in the inhibition of oviposition of C. capitata by these limonoids were investigated. Subsequently, we evaluated the vineyard protection by limonoids against fruit flies in the production pole of Petrolina - PE, Brazil. Finally, we evaluated the residual biological activity of limonoids on C. capitata in vineyard in the production pole of Petrolina. The threshold concentration for complete inhibition of oviposition of C. capitata is 100 ppm of azadirachtin (+ 28.5 ppm of 3-tigloylazadirachtol) on the surface of grape fruits. The inhibition of oviposition is drastic from 50 ppm of azadirachtin (+ 14.3 ppm of 3-tigloylazadirachtol) with free choice of the host. The host selection by C. capitata is not affected by concentration equal to or less than 7.5 ppm of azadirachtin (2.14 ppm of 3-tigloylazadirachtol) on the fruits surface. The threshold concentration of 100 ppm of azadirachtin (+ 28.5 ppm of 3-tigloylazadirachtol) prevents the host to be recognized by C. capitata depending of the stimuli that promote caring (irritation), locomotion and consequent dispersion of insect. Thus, the limonoids (AzaMax®) can be qualified as repellents with low diffusion capacity. The limonoids in high concentration (AzaMax®) cause mortality of C. capitata, but do not prevent the injury and or infestation on grape clusters by C. capitata in a condition of low natural or artificial population in the field. The findings reported support the hypothesis that more detailed assessment for the effect of neem limonoids on C. capitata in field investigations are necessary. The perspective of behavioral control of fruit flies using neem limonoids was discussed, with special reference to C. capitata in vineyards.
14

Apfelanbau unter Hagelnetz

Handschack, Margita 02 October 2013 (has links)
In den sächsischen Versuchsanlagen Dresden-Pillnitz und Sornzig-Ablaß wurden die Auswirkungen von schwarzen, grauen und weißen Hagelnetzen auf Ertrag und Fruchtqualität von Tafeläpfeln untersucht. Für den Apfelanbau in Sachsen werden weiße und graue Hagelnetze empfohlen. Ab Erträgen von 50 t/ha (60 % Handelsklasse I) ist der Anbau unter Hagelnetzen wirtschaftlich.
15

Bekämpfung des Apfelmehltaus

Kröling, Christian 28 June 2014 (has links) (PDF)
Der Bericht informiert über die Ergebnisse des Projektes »Bekämpfung des Echten Mehltaus am Apfel mit dem Wirkstoff Penconazol im Raum Sachsen«. Die Untersuchung erfolgte im Zeitraum von 2010 bis 2012 in Labor- und Feldversuchen. Für eine optimale Bekämpfung des Erregers Podosphaera leucotricha ist die Erziehung des Baumes zu einer schlanken Krone unumgänglich. Der Primärbefallsdruck in einer Anlage und der angrenzenden Flächen darf 5 % nicht überschreiten. Untersuchungen der Wirkstoffverteilung mit wassersensitivem Papier und Rückstandsanalysen in Blättern sind für die Beurteilung der Feldleistung von Penconazol notwendig. Diese ermöglichen den Bezug zu im Biotest erhobenen Sensitivitätswerten. Ein »shifting« der Schaderregerpopulation in der Peconazolsensitivität ist zu erkennen, jedoch keine Resistenz.
16

Bekämpfung des Apfelmehltaus

Kröling, Christian 28 June 2014 (has links)
Der Bericht informiert über die Ergebnisse des Projektes »Bekämpfung des Echten Mehltaus am Apfel mit dem Wirkstoff Penconazol im Raum Sachsen«. Die Untersuchung erfolgte im Zeitraum von 2010 bis 2012 in Labor- und Feldversuchen. Für eine optimale Bekämpfung des Erregers Podosphaera leucotricha ist die Erziehung des Baumes zu einer schlanken Krone unumgänglich. Der Primärbefallsdruck in einer Anlage und der angrenzenden Flächen darf 5 % nicht überschreiten. Untersuchungen der Wirkstoffverteilung mit wassersensitivem Papier und Rückstandsanalysen in Blättern sind für die Beurteilung der Feldleistung von Penconazol notwendig. Diese ermöglichen den Bezug zu im Biotest erhobenen Sensitivitätswerten. Ein »shifting« der Schaderregerpopulation in der Peconazolsensitivität ist zu erkennen, jedoch keine Resistenz.
17

Klimawandel und Sauerkirschanbau

Matzneller, Philipp 19 January 2016 (has links)
In dieser Arbeit wurden die Veränderungen der agrarklimatologischen Bedingungen im Zuge des Klimawandels für ausgesuchte Sauerkirschanbauregionen in Europa und Nordamerika untersucht. Es wird auf veränderte Risiken (Spätfrost, Hitzewellen, Wassermangel) hingewiesen, die durch nachhaltige, praxisorientierte und ökonomisch vertretbare Anpassungsmaßnahmen (Überdachung, Frostschutz, Bewässerung, Anbausystem, Wahl der Sorte und Unterlage, etc.) begrenzt werden können. Der Klimawandel kann neben Risiken aber auch Chancen für den Sauerkirschanbau eröffnen. Höhere Temperaturen und eine längere Vegetationsperiode können regional differenziert zu günstigeren Anbaubedingungen führen. Ein besonderer Schwerpunkt wurde auf die Entwicklung phänologischer Modelle gelegt, mit denen Veränderungen im Entwicklungsrhythmus der Sauerkirschgehölze analysiert werden konnten. Dafür wurden acht Modelle zur Vorhersage des Blühbeginns und Blühendes entwickelt. Weitere phänologische Stadien konnten mit dem Modell von Zavalloni et al. (2006) berechnet werden. Die Untersuchungen haben ergeben, dass sich der Blühbeginn unter geänderten Klimabedingungen verfrüht, aber nur geringe Verkürzungen der Zeiträume zwischen den phänologischen Stadien zu erwarten sind. Zu den gefürchteten Witterungsschäden im Obstbau gehört Spätfrost, der zu hohen Ertragsverlusten führen kann. Im Zuge des Klimawandels können sich die Häufigkeit und Stärke der Fröste ändern. Die Frostwahrscheinlichkeit während der untersuchten Entwicklungsphasen von Sauerkischgehölzen könnte in diesem Jahrhundert in Rheinland-Pfalz und Eau Claire abnehmen, während sich die Verhältnisse in den anderen Anbaugebieten nur geringfügig ändern. In einem zweiten Schritt wurden die Ertragsverluste durch Frost bestimmt. Hierbei hat sich ergeben, dass die Frostschäden in den untersuchten Anbauregionen wahrscheinlich geringer werden. Allerdings differieren die Ergebnisse zwischen den Berechnungen mit beobachteten und modellierten Temperaturen oft stark. / This thesis investigates the changes in agro-climatic conditions for selected growing region in Europe and North America under current and future climate conditions. The overall aim of the study was to identify possible risks (spring frosts, heat waves, water shortages), which can be limited by sustainable, practically oriented and economically viable adaptation measures (hail- and frost-protection, irrigation, cultivation system, choice of variety and rootstock). Besides risks, climate change can provide new opportunities. Higher temperature levels and extended growing season lengths could regionally differentiated improve the growing conditions. Particular focus was given to developing phenological models, used to investigate shifts in spring phenology of sour cherry trees due to climate change. Therefore, eight models to predict the beginning and end of blossom were optimized and validated. Further phenological stages were calculated with the model by Zavalloni et al. (2006). The results show an earlier onset in the beginning of sour cherry blossom under future climate conditions, while the length of the period between the phenological stages only shortens slightly. Spring frosts are feared weather hazards in orchards which can cause substantial yield losses. The changing climate conditions could influence the frequency and strength of spring frosts. In the course of this century the spring frost probability is likely to decrease in Rhineland-Palatinate and Eau Claire, while only slight changes are expected in the other growing regions. In the second step, yield losses caused by spring frost were calculated. The frost damages on sour cherries in the investigated growing regions will probably decrease. However, the yield losses calculated with observed and modeled temperatures often differ strongly.

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