Small grain varieties are evaluated each year by University of Arizona personnel. The purpose of these tests is to characterize varieties in terms of yield and other attributes. Variety performance varies greatly from year to year and several site-years are necessary to adequately characterize the yield potential of a variety. A summary of small grain variety trials conducted by the University of Arizona can be found online at http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/crops/az1265.pdf.

Small grain varieties are evaluated each year by University of Arizona personnel. The purpose of these tests is to characterize varieties in terms of yield and other attributes. Variety performance varies greatly from year to year and several site-years are necessary to adequately characterize the yield potential of a variety. A summary of small grain variety trials conducted by the University of Arizona can be found online at http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/crops/az1265.pdf.

Les techniques de contrôle non-destructif s’appuyant sur des traducteurs ultrasons multi-éléments sont maintenant de plus en plus utilisées dans l’industrie. Ces traducteurs offrent en effet de nombreux avantages, en particulier une polyvalence d’utilisation et une adaptabilité à des configurations complexes. De plus des techniques d’acquisition avancées, telle que la Full Matrix Capture, permettent d’avoir accès à des données beaucoup plus riches et complètes que celles fournies par les techniques conventionnelles, offrant ainsi de nouvelles possibilités en terme de localisation et de caractérisation de défauts. Les travaux de cette thèse ont pour objectif de mettre en œuvre des méthodes d’imagerie et de reconstruction adaptées aux diverses acquisitions multi-éléments possibles. Pour cela, nous proposons différentes méthodes dérivées de l’approche dite de focalisation synthétique. Ces méthodes s’appuient sur des modèles directs développés au CEA LIST et implémentés dans la plateforme CIVA. Ces derniers peuvent, en outre, prendre en compte les configurations de contrôle complexes, notamment en ce qui concerne l’état de surface -irrégulier- des pièces inspectées. Dans un premier temps, nous nous sommes intéressés à la localisation de diffracteur quasi-ponctuel. Sous cette hypothèse, nous avons évalués les performances des méthodes proposées lorsqu’elles sont appliquées à différents types d’acquisitions. La suite des travaux s’est recentrée sur l’étude de la Full Matrix Capture couplée à l’algorithme dit de « Focalisation en Tous Points (FTP) », cette combinaison ayant montré de bonnes performances en terme de localisation. Dans un second temps, nous avons prolongé notre approche à la reconstruction de défauts étendus et à la prise en compte de trajets ultrasonores multiples. En particulier, nous avons appliqué la généralisation de l’algorithme FTP à la localisation et à la caractérisation d’entaille proche du fond de la pièce à l’aide d’échos de coin, échos dus à des réflexions successives de l’onde ultrasonore sur le fond et le défaut. Les différentes méthodes envisagées dans ces travaux ont été appliquées avec des données simulées ainsi qu’avec des mesures expérimentales. / Techniques for nondestructive testing based on ultrasonic phased array probe are now increasingly used in industry. These probes offer many advantages, in particular use versatility and adaptability to complex configurations. More advanced acquisition techniques, such as “Full Matrix Capture”, provide access to collection of data richer and more complete than those provided by conventional techniques, offering so new possibilities in terms of localization and characterization of defects. The work of this thesis aims to implement imaging and reconstruction methods for various operating modes of UT array inspection. For this, we propose different methods derived from the so-called synthetic focusing. These methods rely on forward models developed at CEA LIST and implemented in the CIVA software platform. These models can also take into account the complex inspection configurations, especially in regard to the -irregular- surface inspected parts. At first, we were interested in locating point-like scatterer. Under this hypothesis, we evaluated the performance of the proposed methods when they are applied with different types of inspection operating mode. Next work has been refocused on the study of the Full Matrix Capture coupled to the algorithm called Focalisation en Tous Points (FTP), this combination has shown good performance in terms of defect localization. In a second step, we generalized our approach to extended defects and multiple ultrasonic paths. In particular, we applied the latest FTP algorithm to the localization and characterization of notch near the bottom of the part with corner echoes, echoes due to successive ultrasonic wave reflections on the bottom and defect. The different methods considered in this work have been applied with both simulated data and experimental measurements.

O problema de testar hipóteses sobre proporções marginais de uma tabela de contingência assume papel fundamental, por exemplo, na investigação da mudança de opinião e comportamento. Apesar disso, a maioria dos textos na literatura abordam procedimentos para populações independentes, como o teste de homogeneidade de proporções. Existem alguns trabalhos que exploram testes de hipóteses em caso de respostas dependentes como, por exemplo, o teste de McNemar para tabelas 2 x 2. A extensão desse teste para tabelas k x k, denominado teste de homogeneidade marginal, usualmente requer, sob a abordagem clássica, a utilização de aproximações assintóticas. Contudo, quando o tamanho amostral é pequeno ou os dados esparsos, tais métodos podem eventualmente produzir resultados imprecisos. Neste trabalho, revisamos medidas de evidência clássicas e bayesianas comumente empregadas para comparar duas proporções marginais. Além disso, desenvolvemos o Full Bayesian Significance Test (FBST) para testar a homogeneidade marginal em tabelas de contingência bidimensionais e multidimensionais. O FBST é baseado em uma medida de evidência, denominada e-valor, que não depende de resultados assintóticos, não viola o princípio da verossimilhança e respeita a várias propriedades lógicas esperadas para testes de hipóteses. Consequentemente, a abordagem ao problema de teste de homogeneidade marginal pelo FBST soluciona diversas limitações geralmente enfrentadas por outros procedimentos. / Tests of hypotheses for marginal proportions in contingency tables play a fundamental role, for instance, in the investigation of behaviour (or opinion) change. However, most texts in the literature are concerned with tests that assume independent populations (e.g: homogeneity tests). There are some works that explore hypotheses tests for dependent proportions such as the McNemar Test for 2 x 2 contingency tables. The generalization of McNemar test for k x k contingency tables, called marginal homogeneity test, usually requires asymptotic approximations. Nevertheless, for small sample sizes or sparse tables, such methods may occasionally produce imprecise results. In this work, we review some classical and Bayesian measures of evidence commonly applied to compare two marginal proportions. We propose the Full Bayesian Significance Test (FBST) to investigate marginal homogeneity in two-way and multidimensional contingency tables. The FBST is based on a measure of evidence, called e-value, which does not depend on asymptotic results, does not violate the likelihood principle and satisfies logical properties that are expected from hypothesis testing. Consequently, the FBST approach to test marginal homogeneity overcomes several limitations usually met by other procedures.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marisa Xavier Coutrim Dalri.pdf: 1539333 bytes, checksum: 895f8f9db4c6cede343570713b170dc1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-06 / The present study aimed to investigate the challenges of managing a process Integrated Center for Public Education (ICPE) in the city of Americana - SP, in its administrative and pedagogical aspects. Sought to recognize the specificities and differential management school full-time (SFT) researched and analyze its elements facilitating and inhibiting. In this perspective, we sought to identify the public policy of expanding the school day in Brazil, which revealed diverse experiences. Studies on the subject are so important in contemporary educational setting, where the expansion of the school day is explicit in the current Law of Guidelines and Bases of National Education (LGBNE), Law No. 9394, of December 20, 1996. In a qualitative approach, empirical materials were produced through desk research and semi-structured interviews with the management team of that ICPE after bibliography and literature review. The survey revealed a successful experience of SFT in ICPE researched. As regards the factors hindering and facilitating its management, highlights were the facilitators, it is possible to perceive differences imply that the quality of the educational process of the school researched, academic training of managers, coupled with experience in teaching career and the political commitment and teaching the same toward public education. Among the difficulties that stands out the ICPE?s infrastructure, principlamemente in relation to physical space. Respondents indicated a differential, the possibilities of space and time for meetings, which set out exchanges and collective constructions. It is intended that the research will foster the expansion of spaces for reflection and debate needed on school full time in Brazil, so as to contribute to the definition and redefinition of public policies in education, strengthening the construction of a quality education social. / A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo investigar os desafios do processo de gest?o de um Centro Integrado de Educa??o P?blica (CIEP) do munic?pio de Americana - SP, em seus aspectos administrativos e pedag?gicos. Buscou-se reconhecer as especificidades e o diferencial da gest?o da escola de tempo integral (ETI) pesquisada e analisar seus elementos facilitadores e dificultadores. Nesta perspectiva, procurou-se identificar as pol?ticas p?blicas de amplia??o da jornada escolar no Brasil, as quais revelaram experi?ncias diversificadas. Os estudos a respeito do tema adquirem relev?ncia no cen?rio educacional contempor?neo, em que a amplia??o da jornada escolar est? explicitada na atual Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da Educa??o Nacional (LDBEN), Lei N? 9394, de 20 de dezembro de 1996. Em uma abordagem qualitativa, foram produzidos materiais emp?ricos, por meio de pesquisa documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas com a equipe gestora do referido CIEP, ap?s levantamento bibliogr?fico e revis?o de literatura. A pesquisa revelou uma experi?ncia exitosa de ETI no CIEP pesquisado. Quanto aos elementos dificultadores e facilitadores de sua gest?o, sobressaem-se os facilitadores, sendo poss?vel perceber diferenciais que implicam a qualidade do processo educativo da escola pesquisada, como a forma??o acad?mica dos gestores, aliada ? experi?ncia na carreira do magist?rio e ao compromisso pol?tico e pedag?gico dos mesmos para com a educa??o p?blica. Entre as dificuldades apontadas, destaca-se a infraestrutuda do CIEP, principalmemente, em rela??o ao espa?o f?sico. Os entrevistados apontaram como diferencial, as possibilidades de espa?o e tempo para reuni?es, em que se estabelecem trocas e constru??es coletivas. Pretende-se que a pesquisa possa fomentar a amplia??o dos espa?os de reflex?o e debates necess?rios sobre a escola de tempo integral no Brasil, de modo a contribuir para a defini??o e redefini??o de pol?ticas p?blicas em educa??o, potencializando a constru??o de uma educa??o com qualidade social.

Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: leaves 226-244.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:21:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre Paulichi Chiovitti.pdf: 981770 bytes, checksum: bfb4c05dd69c01f03514cea8a23f4d99 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-09-03 / The main goal of this study is to analyze the hypotheses of restrictions on the right of full defense, catalyzed both by constitutional and legal systems, but viewing it from the perspective of the confluence with the Brazilian Federal Constitution s policy. After all, the constitutional right of full defense has the stigma of a invulnerable and intangible principle of law (now erected as a legal principle, as some law-writers prefer), which should not suffer any kind of blemish or mitigation, under penalty of violating the most relevant scopes of the jurisdiction. Indeed, the constitutional right of full defense fits in the procedural law as an issue of constitutional nature, erected as an institute of fundamental importance. So the question is: could an institute with such force and scope be actually restricted? In being so, may the law limit what the Constitution classifies as a wide and ample right as that? Or it would only be possible to have such restrictions if they are effectively contained in the text of the Constitution itself? The theme of this study is justified, in our understanding, by the recognition that our legal system provides, in several legislative vehicles, assumptions limiting the right of defense. Would, after all, these exceptions be unconstitutional? Or our legal system can authorize and assimilate these very exceptions? Finally, we intend to demonstrate how these institutes interrelate with each other, guaranteeing and restricting, in some points and in some matters, the right of defense / O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar as hipóteses de restrições ao direito de defesa catalisadas tanto pelo ordenamento constitucional como infraconstitucional, mas sob a ótica da confluência com a nossa Magna Carta política. Afinal, a ampla defesa possui todo o estigma daquele princípio de direito (agora princípio positivado, como preferem alguns juristas), inatacável, intangível, que não deve sofrer qualquer tipo de mácula ou mitigação, sob pena de se malferir o próprio escopo da jurisdição. Com efeito, a ampla defesa coaduna-se a um direito processual de índole constitucional, erigida à categoria de instituto fundamental. Assim, de se questionar: seria possível um instituto com tamanha força e envergadura sofrer restrições? Em sendo assim, pode a lei limitar o que a Constituição Federal tarjou como amplo? Ou apenas seriam possíveis restrições contidas no bojo da própria Constituição? A temática justifica-se, em nosso sentir, a partir do reconhecimento que nosso ordenamento infraconstitucional prevê, em diversos veículos legislativos, hipóteses de restrição ao direito de defesa. Seriam, afinal, estas exceções inconstitucionais? Ou o ordenamento jurídico as comporta e assimila? Enfim, pretendemos demonstrar como se afinam tais institutos, garantidores e restritivos do direito à ampla defesa

O problema de testar hipóteses sobre proporções marginais de uma tabela de contingência assume papel fundamental, por exemplo, na investigação da mudança de opinião e comportamento. Apesar disso, a maioria dos textos na literatura abordam procedimentos para populações independentes, como o teste de homogeneidade de proporções. Existem alguns trabalhos que exploram testes de hipóteses em caso de respostas dependentes como, por exemplo, o teste de McNemar para tabelas 2 x 2. A extensão desse teste para tabelas k x k, denominado teste de homogeneidade marginal, usualmente requer, sob a abordagem clássica, a utilização de aproximações assintóticas. Contudo, quando o tamanho amostral é pequeno ou os dados esparsos, tais métodos podem eventualmente produzir resultados imprecisos. Neste trabalho, revisamos medidas de evidência clássicas e bayesianas comumente empregadas para comparar duas proporções marginais. Além disso, desenvolvemos o Full Bayesian Significance Test (FBST) para testar a homogeneidade marginal em tabelas de contingência bidimensionais e multidimensionais. O FBST é baseado em uma medida de evidência, denominada e-valor, que não depende de resultados assintóticos, não viola o princípio da verossimilhança e respeita a várias propriedades lógicas esperadas para testes de hipóteses. Consequentemente, a abordagem ao problema de teste de homogeneidade marginal pelo FBST soluciona diversas limitações geralmente enfrentadas por outros procedimentos. / Tests of hypotheses for marginal proportions in contingency tables play a fundamental role, for instance, in the investigation of behaviour (or opinion) change. However, most texts in the literature are concerned with tests that assume independent populations (e.g: homogeneity tests). There are some works that explore hypotheses tests for dependent proportions such as the McNemar Test for 2 x 2 contingency tables. The generalization of McNemar test for k x k contingency tables, called marginal homogeneity test, usually requires asymptotic approximations. Nevertheless, for small sample sizes or sparse tables, such methods may occasionally produce imprecise results. In this work, we review some classical and Bayesian measures of evidence commonly applied to compare two marginal proportions. We propose the Full Bayesian Significance Test (FBST) to investigate marginal homogeneity in two-way and multidimensional contingency tables. The FBST is based on a measure of evidence, called e-value, which does not depend on asymptotic results, does not violate the likelihood principle and satisfies logical properties that are expected from hypothesis testing. Consequently, the FBST approach to test marginal homogeneity overcomes several limitations usually met by other procedures.

Submitted by ALINE LINHARES RODRIGUES null (alinhares_rodrigues@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-05T00:14:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 concepçõesdosgestores.pdf: 812225 bytes, checksum: d5e6368260fe59696c15b9aec1381514 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by LUIZA DE MENEZES ROMANETTO (luizamenezes@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2017-07-11T20:21:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 talaveras_alr_me_mar.pdf: 812225 bytes, checksum: d5e6368260fe59696c15b9aec1381514 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-11T20:21:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 talaveras_alr_me_mar.pdf: 812225 bytes, checksum: d5e6368260fe59696c15b9aec1381514 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-02 / Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar as concepções dos gestores da educação sobre educação integral e tempo integral de escolas municipais do ensino fundamental, ciclo I, da cidade de Marília. Foram analisadas as concepções de 3 gestores, sendo um Diretor de Gestão da Secretaria Municipal de Educação e 2 gestores de escolas do Projeto de Escolas de Educação em Tempo Integral. Trata-se de um projeto próprio do município de Marília que segue as orientações e determinações da política educacional brasileira, do Plano Nacional de Educação de 2014. Para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa realizamos revisão bibliográfica sobre o tema em artigos, livros, teses e dissertações. Em seguida, fizemos buscas sistemáticas no banco de dados da CAPES levando em consideração duas palavras-chave: concepção de educação integral e escola de tempo integral à procura de teses e dissertações sobre o tema. Com a leitura desses trabalhos construímos um panorama das principais discussões que estão sendo realizadas no meio acadêmico sobre as concepções de educação integral e escola de tempo integral. Realizamos também pesquisa e leitura das principais leis nacionais e municipais que abordam a temática, analisamos os Projetos Político-Pedagógicos de 2 escolas municipais do Projeto de Educação em Tempo Integral e realizamos entrevistas semiestruturadas com 3 gestores da educação. Apresentamos os modelos de escola de tempo integral de Anísio Teixeira e Darcy Ribeiro, e as concepções de autores que pesquisam sobre o tema. Para a análise da política educacional de tempo integral apresentamos o ciclo de políticas de Ball e Bowe. Podemos afirmar que as discussões atuais estão focadas na questão do tempo integral e educação integral como aumento quantitativo de tempo e aumento qualitativo de oportunidades, implementação improvisada com estrutura inadequada. As concepções dos gestores da educação do município pesquisado acerca da educação integral e do tempo integral convergem para a ideia de formação integral do ser humano, de que a educação integral deve ocorrer independente da quantidade de horas que o aluno permaneça na escola e que a escola de tempo integral favorece a educação integral. Porém, as escolas pesquisadas ainda enfrentam muitos desafios para oferecerem de fato uma educação integral. / This work had the objective of analyzing the conceptions of education managers on integral and full - time education of municipal schools of primary education, cycle I, in the city of Marília. The conceptions of 3 managers were analyzed, being a Director of Management of the Municipal Department of Education and 2 managers of schools of the Project of Schools of Integral Education. It is a project of the municipality of Marília that follows the guidelines and determinations of the Brazilian educational policy of the National Education Plan of 2014. For the development of the research, we carried out a literature review on the topic in articles, books, theses and dissertations. Then, we performed a systematic search in the CAPES database taking into account two key words: conception of integral education and full-time school in search of theses and dissertations on the subject. With the reading of these works we construct a panorama of the main discussions that are being carried out in the academic environment on the conceptions of integral education and full time school. We also carried out research and reading of the main national and municipal laws that deal with the theme, analyzed the Political-Pedagogical Projects of 2 municipal schools of the Project of Integral Education and we conducted a semi-structured interview with 3 education managers. We present the models of full time school of Anísio Teixeira and Darcy Ribeiro and the conceptions of authors who research on the subject as Cavaliere, Paro, Brandão, Mauritius and Guará. For the analysis of the full-time educational policy we present the policy cycle of Ball and Bowe. We can say that the current discussions are focused on the issue of integral time and integral education as quantitative increase of time and qualitative increase of opportunities, improvised implementation with inadequate structure. The conceptions of the education managers of the municipality researched about integral and full-time education converge to the idea of integral human being formation, that integral education must occur regardless of the number of hours that the student stays in school and that the school Full-time education promotes integral education. But the schools surveyed still face many challenges in order to offer a comprehensive education.

abstract: In a laboratory setting, the soil volume change behavior is best represented by using various testing standards on undisturbed or remolded samples. Whenever possible, it is most precise to use undisturbed samples to assess the volume change behavior but in the absence of undisturbed specimens, remodeled samples can be used. If that is the case, the soil is compacted to in-situ density and water content (or matric suction), which should best represent the expansive profile in question. It is standard practice to subject the specimen to a wetting process at a particular net normal stress. Even though currently accepted laboratory testing standard procedures provide insight on how the profile conditions changes with time, these procedures do not assess the long term effects on the soil due to climatic changes. In this experimental study, an assessment and quantification of the effect of multiple wetting/drying cycles on the volume change behavior of two different naturally occurring soils was performed. The changes in wetting and drying cycles were extreme when comparing the swings in matric suction. During the drying cycle, the expansive soil was subjected to extreme conditions, which decreased the moisture content less than the shrinkage limit. Nevertheless, both soils were remolded at five different compacted conditions and loaded to five different net normal stresses. Each sample was subjected to six wetting and drying cycles. During the assessment, it was evident from the results that the swell/collapse strain is highly non-linear at low stress levels. The strain-net normal stress relationship cannot be defined by one single function without transforming the data. Therefore, the dataset needs to be fitted to a bi-modal logarithmic function or to a logarithmic transformation of net normal stress in order to use a third order polynomial fit. It was also determined that the moisture content changes with time are best fit by non-linear functions. For the drying cycle, the radial strain was determined to have a constant rate of change with respect to the axial strain. However, for the wetting cycle, there was not enough radial strain data to develop correlations and therefore, an assumption was made based on 55 different test measurements/observations, for the wetting cycles. In general, it was observed that after each subsequent cycle, higher swelling was exhibited for lower net normal stress values; while higher collapse potential was observed for higher net normal stress values, once the net normal stress was less than/greater than a threshold net normal stress value. Furthermore, the swelling pressure underwent a reduction in all cases. Particularly, the Anthem soil exhibited a reduction in swelling pressure by at least 20 percent after the first wetting/drying cycle; while Colorado soil exhibited a reduction of 50 percent. After about the fourth cycle, the swelling pressure seemed to stabilized to an equilibrium value at which a reduction of 46 percent was observed for the Anthem soil and 68 percent reduction for the Colorado soil. The impact of the initial compacted conditions on heave characteristics was studied. Results indicated that materials compacted at higher densities exhibited greater swell potential. When comparing specimens compacted at the same density but at different moisture content (matric suction), it was observed that specimens compacted at higher suction would exhibit higher swelling potential, when subjected to the same net normal stress. The least amount of swelling strain was observed on specimens compacted at the lowest dry density and the lowest matric suction (higher water content). The results from the laboratory testing were used to develop ultimate heave profiles for both soils. This analysis showed that even though the swell pressure for each soil decreased with cycles, the amount of heave would increase or decrease depending upon the initial compaction condition. When the specimen was compacted at 110% of optimum moisture content and 90% of maximum dry density, it resulted in an ultimate heave reduction of 92 percent for Anthem and 685 percent for Colorado soil. On the other hand, when the soils were compacted at 90% optimum moisture content and 100% of the maximum dry density, Anthem specimens heave 78% more and Colorado specimens heave was reduced by 69%. Based on the results obtained, it is evident that the current methods to estimate heave and swelling pressure do not consider the effect of wetting/drying cycles; and seem to fail capturing the free swell potential of the soil. Recommendations for improvement current methods of practice are provided. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Civil and Environmental Engineering 2013