Made available in DSpace on 2013-08-07T18:51:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 000446164-Texto+Completo-0.pdf: 948462 bytes, checksum: e5d9458a3f221880fcc25c24d2a2db2a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / The text Education, ethics and dialogue since Levinas and Gadamer, presented as a doctoral thesis in the Postgraduate Program in Education from PUC-RS, intends to investigate the relations between education and dialogue, in order to achieve the concept of education understood here as inseparable from its ethical condition. Admitting the inexistence of any universal grounding which support education, as well as any predetermined goals that guide educative action, this text takes the theoretical direction in favor of an ethical discursivity as a way to legitimate educational discourse. Furthermore, this theoretical course has a clear option in the conceptions of dialogue brought up by two philosophers: Emmanuel Levinas and Hans-Georg Gadamer. Therefore, in the text there is an elaboration of theoretical bases which enable us to understand the educational phenomenon, assuming the dialogue as the first movement of its occurrence. Once this introduction is made, it should be said that this paper develops around the following question: considering the impossibility of universal groundings for education and the resulting requirement to constructing legitimacy through discursivity, what implications can the dialogue conceptions presented in the philosophical theories of Levinas and Gadamer bring to the understanding of educational phenomenon? In order to answer this question rightly, observing the prior conjectures already mentioned, the text is organized around four important concepts which are articulately investigated together: sensibility, subjectivity, language and education. Each chapter is organized regarding one of these four concepts.Through these chapters is possible to observe a progressive elaboration of the final thesis, which is presented in two articulate stages: firstly as a conceptual dialogue between Levinas and Gadamer, who never had such oncoming in life; from this approach between both authors, derives the idea of dialogue that justifies the concept of education presented in the text. The concept of sensibility provides the title to the chapter that explores it in a direct articulation with the aesthetic experience, reaching one of the richest ideas of this study: openness, term often used by Gadamer and rather close to the Levinasian idea of welcome. The concept of subjectivity is explored in the second chapter, from the limits of modern philosophy of consciousness, to the openness to intersubjectivity as the condition so that it is possible to talk about a conception of subject. After the initial approach about sensibility and the attitude taken towards subjectivity based on intersubjectivity, a condition of originality that the dialogue takes in human relations starts to be justified. The third chapter aims to explain the concept of language, articulating authors referring to the philosophical movement of the linguistic turn up to the proposal of an ethical character of language: the dialogue as inaugural of ethics and, consequently, as first movement in education. The final chapter dedicates to summarize these four concepts in favor of what is formulated in the research question as “comprehension of educational phenomenon”. Thus, the text culminates presenting a conception of education which arises from the openness to the other revealed in the dialogue, and which has its occurrence marked by the possibility of the subject to constitute itself in the educative relation established.Read in a transversal way, the text enables us to perceive that: a) at the beginning of each chapter the debate context about the concept under discussion is presented, indicating the problems concerning education; b) at the second and third part of each chapter the aforementioned concepts from Levinas and Gadamer works are explored, respectively; c) at the fourth part of each chapter the first stage of the thesis elaboration takes place, which is the construction of a dialogue between the two authors referred; d) and, finally, at the last stage of each chapter, the concepts are applied to the reflection about the educational phenomenon until it culminates in the final thesis of this work. This whole work is presented as a theoretical study about the issue, built from a conceptual philosophic referential which was understood and applied so as to justify a comprehension about education. It is not an elaboration of a pedagogical proposal to be implanted. Instead, this work intends to be a philosophical description of a human phenomenon: the education. As such, the thesis does not point out for actions to be made, but describes and analyzes conceptually which movements can be recognized as educative action. The educational phenomenon can be understood, through this study, as a human event that: a) starts to manifest itself from an encounter between subjects who set up, in openness, into a conversation; and b) creates conditions so that each subject is able to elaborate their life experiences so as to provide a human sophistication from sensibility to rationality. / O texto Educação, ética e diálogo desde Levinas e Gadamer, apresentado como tese doutoral junto ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação da PUC-RS, propõe-se a investigar as relações entre educação e diálogo, a fim de perscrutar uma concepção de educação aqui concebida como inseparável de sua condição ética. Admitindo a inexistência de quaisquer fundamentos universais que sustentem a educação, e quaisquer finalidades predeterminadas que orientem a ação educativa, o texto toma a direção teórica em favor de uma discursividade ética como via de legitimidade do discurso educacional. E este percurso teórico tem uma opção clara nas concepções de diálogo trazidas por dois filósofos: Emmanuel Levinas e Hans-Georg Gadamer. Portanto, ao longo do texto encontra-se a elaboração de bases teóricas que possibilitem a compreensão do fenômeno educacional, assumindo o diálogo como movimento primeiro de seu acontecimento. Feitas essas considerações, cabe dizer que o presente trabalho orienta-se em torno da seguinte questão: considerando-se a impossibilidade de fundamentos universais para a educação e a consequente exigência de construção de legitimidade via discursividade, que implicações as concepções de diálogo apresentadas nas teorias filosóficas de Levinas e Gadamer podem trazer para a compreensão do fenômeno educacional? A fim de responder adequadamente à questão apontada, observando os pressupostos já referidos, o texto organiza-se em torno de quatro grandes conceitos que são explorados articuladamente entre si: sensibilidade, subjetividade, linguagem e educação. Em torno de cada um destes quatro conceitos é organizado um dos capítulos da tese.Ao longo destes capítulos observa-se uma elaboração gradual da tese final, que se apresenta em duas etapas articuladas: primeiramente como diálogo conceitual entre Levinas e Gadamer, dois autores que em vida não tiveram tal aproximação; desta aproximação entre os autores, deriva a concepção de diálogo que justificará a concepção de educação apresentada ao longo do texto. O conceito de sensibilidade dá título ao capítulo que o explora em articulação direta com a experiência estética e chega até uma das ideias mais caras a este estudo: a abertura, termo recorrentemente utilizado por Gadamer e bastante próximo da ideia levinasiana de acolhida. O conceito de subjetividade é explorado no segundo capítulo desde os limites da filosofia moderna da consciência, até a abertura à intersubjetividade como condição para que se possa ainda tratar de uma concepção de sujeito. Com a abordagem inicial sobre a sensibilidade e o posicionamento dado à subjetividade a partir da intersubjetividade, começa-se a justificar uma condição de originalidade que o diálogo toma nas relações humanas. O terceiro capítulo explora o conceito de linguagem, articulando os autores de referência ao movimento filosófico do giro linguístico até a proposição de um caráter ético da linguagem: o diálogo como inaugural da ética e, por conseguinte, como movimento primeiro na educação. O capítulo final dedica-se a fazer a síntese dos conceitos já abordados em favor do que é tratado na questão de pesquisa como “compreensão do fenômeno educacional”. Deste modo, o texto culmina apresentando uma concepção de educação que se origina da abertura a outrem manifesta no diálogo, e que tem seu acontecimento marcado pela possibilidade que dá ao sujeito de formar-se na relação educativa estabelecida.Se lido de modo transversal, o texto permitirá perceber que: a) ao início de cada capítulo é apresentado um contexto de debate sobre o conceito em voga, apontando a problemática atinente à educação; b) na segunda e terceira partes de cada capítulo exploram-se os conceitos mencionados a partir das obras de Levinas e de Gadamer, respectivamente; c) na quarta parte de cada capítulo dá-se a primeira etapa de formulação de tese, que é a construção de diálogo entre os dois autores de referência; d) e, por fim, na última etapa de cada capítulo, os conceitos são aplicados à reflexão sobre o fenômeno educacional até culminar com a tese final do trabalho. Todo o trabalho apresenta-se como um estudo teórico sobre o tema, construído a partir de um referencial conceitual filosófico que foi interpretado e aplicado de modo a justificar uma compreensão sobre a educação. Não se trata da elaboração de uma proposta pedagógica a ser implantada. Antes disso, o trabalho propõe-se a ser uma descrição filosófica sobre um fenômeno humano: a educação. Como tal, a tese não aponta ações a serem praticadas, mas descreve e analisa conceitualmente quais movimentos podem ser reconhecidos como ação educativa. O que se compreende por fenômeno educacional, a partir deste estudo, é um acontecimento humano que: a) principia a manifestar-se a partir de um encontro entre sujeitos que se põe, em abertura, numa conversação; e b) promove condições para que cada sujeito seja capaz de elaborar as experiências vividas de modo a, assim, proporcionar um refinamento humano desde a sensibilidade até a racionalidade.

Tese (doutorado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Comunicação, 2010. / Submitted by Albânia Cézar de Melo (albania@bce.unb.br) on 2011-06-08T13:31:06Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_DanielChristino.pdf: 1349568 bytes, checksum: 597513254b9f1253f88e4a18c242d49d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Patrícia Nunes da Silva(patricia@bce.unb.br) on 2011-06-14T02:47:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_DanielChristino.pdf: 1349568 bytes, checksum: 597513254b9f1253f88e4a18c242d49d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-06-14T02:47:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2010_DanielChristino.pdf: 1349568 bytes, checksum: 597513254b9f1253f88e4a18c242d49d (MD5) / Este trabalho procura derivar da leitura analítica das principais obras dos filósofos Martin Heidegger e Hans-Georg Gadamer um conceito de comunicação filosoficamente estruturado e que possibilite a abertura de vias de diálogo entre os campos de pesquisa da filosofia e da comunicação. A partir da definição de comunicação encontrada na filosofia de cada autor, chega-se, através da identificação de suas lacunas e limites, ao conceito de comunicação como um pôr-se de acordo sobre o sentido do existir humano, que nos vem através do deixar e fazer ver da linguagem enquanto diálogo. A partir deste conceito, procura-se compreender o fenômeno da comunicação desde uma posição teórica e epistemológica própria, de caráter humanista, que se oponha criticamente ao modelo historicamente adotado no campo científico das ciências da comunicação. ______________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT / This work aims to derive from the analytical reading of the major works of philoso-phers Martin Heidegger and Hans-Georg Gadamer a philosophically structured concept of communication which allows the developing of a dialogue between the search fields of philosophy and communication. From the definition of communication found in the philosophy of each author, and by identifying their gaps and limits, the work arrives to the concept of communication as a reached agreement on the meaning of the human existence, which comes through letting someone see with us in language perceived as dialogue. From this concept, the work seeks to understand the phenomenon of commu-nication, from a humanistic theoretical and epistemological position, which critically opposes to the model historically adopted in the scientific field of communication re-search.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior / The goal of this dissertation is the compreension of the concept Hermeneutics inside the thiking of Hans-Georg Gadamer and the relation between language and comprehension. In relation to this subject it is necessary we reflect about the several questions that compound the reflection center of our author. We can show the theree ways the theme presents: the first accompany the historic-philosophical evolution of the hermeneutics problem; the second triest to the several onthologic problems studied by Heidegger and that contribute fundamentally with the Gadamerâs reflection, where the conductor string is the language. In this sense, the philosopher proposes the hermeneutics as onthology. The third way consists on the synthesis of the gadamerian thinking, where is need to show that the hermeneutics cannot be understood as a simple interpretative method but as an way of being of the comprehension as a whole. We can understand, finally, the hermeneutics as a live themathization of the historic phenomena which determine the dialogical relationship I â world, as growth and continuos development of their respective subjects. / The goal of this dissertation is the compreension of the concept Hermeneutics inside the thiking of Hans-Georg Gadamer and the relation between language and comprehension. In relation to this subject it is necessary we reflect about the several questions that compound the reflection center of our author. We can show the theree ways the theme presents: the first accompany the historic-philosophical evolution of the hermeneutics problem; the second triest to the several onthologic problems studied by Heidegger and that contribute fundamentally with the Gadamerâs reflection, where the conductor string is the language. In this sense, the philosopher proposes the hermeneutics as onthology. The third way consists on the synthesis of the gadamerian thinking, where is need to show that the hermeneutics cannot be understood as a simple interpretative method but as an way of being of the comprehension as a whole. We can understand, finally, the hermeneutics as a live themathization of the historic phenomena which determine the dialogical relationship I â world, as growth and continuos development of their respective subjects.

Este trabalho tem como tema central a hermenêutica filosófica de Hans-Georg Gadamer. O objetivo geral deste é investigar a possibilidade de se compreender a ética como fundamento ontológico da compreensão, tendo em vista que a hermenêutica gadameriana desenvolve-se no âmbito da filosofia prática. Para tornar isso mais evidente, começaremos a nossa investigação apresentando alguns conceitos fundamentais da hermenêutica filosófica, assim como algumas das suas raízes históricas. Analisaremos o conceito de compreensão que, para Gadamer, deixa de ser um problema epistemológico passando a ser uma questão ética. A partir disso, veremos que Gadamer remete a sua hermenêutica à tradição grega do pensamento ontológico, ao compreender que esta, desde o princípio, soube reconhecer que toda busca por conhecimento, por ser uma disposição natural do homem, é originalmente um fenômeno moral. Logo, com o intuito de reconquistar o sentido original do fenômeno hermenêutico, seu sentido ontológico, perdido nos desvios metodológicos das ciências modernas, ele retoma o conceito de phrónesis aristotélica para servir de modelo à virtude reflexiva hermenêutica. Resgata também a dialética socrático-platônica para ressaltar a primazia da pergunta e a importância do diálogo no processo do conhecimento. Portanto, para Gadamer, a hermenêutica é o modo de ser do ser humano que, ao buscar compreender o mundo, se vê diante da oportunidade de compreender a si mesmo. Compreender é reconhecer; é atitude de quem sabe que não sabe e deseja saber e que adota a postura de abertura e dialoga com o outro. A compreensão por ser originalmente dialógica, reconhece o outro como parceiro imprescindível na busca por conhecimento, desvelando, assim, o seu verdadeiro fundamento ontológico: a ética. / This text has its main theme the philosophical hermenutics of Hans-Georg Gadamer. The main aim is to investigate the possibility of understanding ethics as the ontological foundation of comprehension, given that the Gadamer’s hermeneutics develops itself in the range of practical phylosophy. To make this more evident, we will begin our investigation by presenting some fundamental concepts of philosophical hermeneutics, as well as some of its historical roots. We will analyze the concept of comprehension which, for Gadamer, ceases to be an epistemological problem and becomes an ethical issue. Based on this work we will be able to see that Gadamer relates his hermeneutics to the Greek tradition of ontological thinking by understanding that since the beginning he has recognized that the whole search for knowledge being a natural disposition of man, was originally a moral phenomenon. Therefore, in order to reconquer the original meaning of the hermeneutic phenomenon, its ontological meaning, lost in the methodological deviations of the modern sciences, it retakes the concept of Aristotelian phronesis to serve as a model for the hermeneutic reflexive virtue. It also rescues the Socratic-Platonic dialectic to emphasize the primacy of the question and the importance of dialogue in the process of knowledge. Thus, for Gadamer, hermeneutics is the way of being of the human being who, in seeking to comprehend the world, finds himself faced with the opportunity to comprehend himself. To comprehend is to recognize; it is the attitude of those who know they do not know and want to know and who adopt the opening posture and dialogue with the other. The comprehension because it is originally dialogic, recognizes the other as an essential partner in the search for knowledge, thus revealing its true ontological foundation: ethics.

Bien qu’ils soient généralement opposés sur la question de l’herméneutique et de l’historicisme, Hans-Georg Gadamer (1900-2002) et Leo Strauss (1899-1973) sont deux des plus grands représentants du retour contemporain à la pensée grecque, et plus particulièrement à Platon. Cette thèse cherche à éclairer le débat entre Gadamer et Strauss en insistant sur cet élément central de leurs philosophies respectives. En dépit de multiples accords interprétatifs sur les Dialogues, nous soutenons qu’un désaccord est également perceptible à même leurs lectures de Platon, à savoir qu’ils ne s’entendent pas sur la relation de la dimension théorétique et la dimension pratique de l’existence humaine dans la philosophie platonicienne. Nous cherchons d’abord à introduire les problématiques platoniciennes en analysant les réceptions gadamérienne et straussienne de l’interprétation d’Aristote proposée par Martin Heidegger dans les années 1920, laquelle influença de manière déterminante leur approche de Platon. Nous comparons ensuite leurs compréhensions de l’articulation entre theôria et praxis dans la philosophie platonicienne à l’égard de trois questions : 1) la signification pratique de la forme dialoguée ou dialogique de la philosophie ; 2) le rapport entre philosophie et poésie ; 3) le rapport entre politique et philosophie, a fortiori la philosophie comme recherche des Idées. En éclairant ainsi des points de convergence et de divergence entre Gadamer et Strauss en amont de la question de l’herméneutique et de l’historicisme, nous proposons un portrait plus complet et nuancé d’un dialogue qu’on tend trop souvent à réduire à une stricte opposition.

This thesis is an examination of transformative effects of literature on environmental identity. The work begins by examining and expanding the Deep Ecology concept of identification-with-nature. The potential problems with identification through direct encounters are used to argue for the relevance of the possibility of identification-through-literature. Identification-through-literature is then argued for using the hermeneutic and narrative theories of Hans-Georg Gadamer and Paul Ricoeur, as well as various examples of nature writing and fiction.

Esse trabalho dissertativo apresenta as contribuições da hermenêutica filosófica de Hans Georg Gadamer (1900-2002) no entendimento do modo como se dá a compreensão e as implicações teóricas para a educação. Como fio condutor da argumentação, assim como reforça Gadamer, a linguagem adquire o sentido de meio de onde parte a compreensão, superando a ideia de linguagem como instrumento. Com base nesses conceitos, a educação se mostra como um fenômeno humano de entrada na linguagem e ao mesmo tempo de mudança na articulação dos elementos constituidores de sentido. Para o movimento da compreensão, assim como para a educação, a abertura para o outro e para a pergunta, como ocorre no diálogo, torna-se o critério de mobilização dos preconceitos e do limite da compreensão. O texto está dividido em quatro capítulos, na primeira parte serão apresentadas algumas bases teóricas da hermenêutica filosófica, bem como uma trajetória conceitual do círculo hermenêutico em Schleiermacher, Dilthey e Heidegger. No segundo capítulo a proposta é mapear os conceitos que dão sustentação à teoria de Gadamer acerca da compreensão. O terceiro capítulo tem como foco a linguagem e pretende dar visibilidade ao seu aspecto fundante como condição de possibilidade da compreensão e da entrada no mundo. Por fim, no quarto capítulo serão retomados os conceitos-chave da hermenêutica filosófica na tentativa de aproximação com a educação. / This work presents the contributions of dissertational philosophical hermeneutics of Hans Georg Gadamer (1900-2002) to understand the way it gives understanding and theoretical implications for education. As a thread of the argument, as well as reinforces Gadamer, language acquires a sense of where the middle part of the understanding, overcoming the idea of language as a tool. Based on these concepts, shows how education is a human phenomenon in language input and at the same time change in the articulation of the elements constitutor sense. For understanding the movement as well as for education and openness to the other to the question, as in dialogue, becomes the criterion for the mobilization of bias and the limits of understanding. The text is divided into four chapters, the first part will present some theoretical bases of philosophical hermeneutics, as well as a conceptual trajectory of the hermeneutical circle in Schleiermacher, Dilthey and Heidegger. In the second chapter the proposal is to map the concepts that support the theory about understanding Gadamer. The third chapter focuses on language and wants to project its foundational aspect as a condition of possibility of understanding and entrance into the world. Finally, the fourth chapter will resume the key concepts of philosophical hermeneutics in an attempt to approach the education.

This philosophical dissertation concerns the nature of play, a nebulous concept that is nonetheless vitally important to understanding the human being. Play is older than the spoken word and represents a mode of being in the world for many animals, including us. Many thinkers have attempted to unravel the mysteries of play but it has long resisted attempts to fully capture it. I begin Part One by defining play – a trickier proposition that one might expect – and examining the biological origin of the instinct for play in boredom and fun. Part One is a genetic account of play. Part Two contains a memetic account of play – these five chapters look at personal, human play in particular. They cover five philosophical topics: how the play concept has been used in the history of philosophy, the phenomenological experience of play, the relations between play and reason, the aesthetic and ethical dimensions of play, and the relation between play and the production of culture. By examining the discourse surrounding the concept of play in these spheres of human activity, this treatise provides a thorough philosophical understanding of play as a foundation upon which future studies of the play concept can build.

La présente étude se veut un examen de l’interprétation de la phronesis chez deux grands penseurs allemands du vingtième siècle, soit Martin Heidegger et Hans-Georg Gadamer. La motivation de ce projet découle d’un intérêt marqué pour l’étude de modèles alternatifs à la pensée technoscientifique de la connaissance. Considérant que Heidegger et Gadamer ont entrepris une importante réappropriation de la phronesis, nous avons jugé intéressant d’analyser leur pensée sous cet angle. Notre but est de mettre en relief les raisons qui ont poussé Heidegger et Gadamer à se tourner vers le concept de la phronesis et par la suite de tirer au clair les implications de cette réappropriation du concept aristotélicien au sein de leurs philosophies respectives. Cette étude est divisée en deux chapitres, traitant de la réappropriation de la phronesis chez Heidegger et Gadamer respectivement. Le premier chapitre porte sur l’interprétation heideggérienne de la phronesis en portant une attention particulière sur les cours maintenant publiés du plus jeune Heidegger. Dans le deuxième chapitre, nous traitons également de la réappropriation de la phronesis, mais cette fois, chez Gadamer afin de mettre en relief l’intérêt que présente la phronesis aristotélicienne pour l’herméneutique, mais aussi pour l’éthique de Gadamer. La dernière partie de ce chapitre propose une analyse comparative entre l’interprétation heideggérienne et gadamérienne de la phronesis. Notre étude veut montrer que Gadamer a suivi de près l’interprétation heideggérienne du concept aristotélicien de la phronesis, mais qu’il a aussi su s’en distinguer dans sa quête d’une conception plus authentique des sciences humaines, de l’herméneutique et de l’éthique. / The present study aims at examining the interpretation of phronesis conducted by two central figures in twentieth-century German philosophy, namely Martin Heidegger and his student Hans-Georg Gadamer. The impetus for the following project comes from a general interest in the study of the alternatives to the technoscientific model of knowledge. Seeing as both philosophers took up the concept of phronesis, we deemed it as an interesting point of departure for an analysis of both their philosophies. In effect, we want to put into relief the reasons that motivated both thinkers to turn to the concept of phronesis and thereafter clarify the ramifications of their reappropriation of this Aristotelean concept in the development of their thought. The present study is divided in two chapters, each of which addresses the reappropriation of phronesis. The first chapter is an in-depth examination of the use of phronesis by Martin Heidegger, specifically with respect to his earlier lectures. The second chapter is also an examination of Gadamer’s reappropriation of phronesis in connection to both his conception of hermeneutics and ethics. The last section of this project is devoted to a comparative analysis between Heidegger and Gadamer’s reappropriation of phronesis. Our study reveals that Gadamer followed closely the lead of his teacher, while at the same time making the concept of phronesis his own by integrating it in his quest for a more genuine conception of the Geisteswissenschaften, and in his substantial development of hermeneutics.

Diploma thesis called Historical Self-consciousness works with the topic of personal art history, that is natural to the work of every author. Time is cyclic and different epochs are changing and overlaping. Diploma thesis is result of my very long interest in history and understanting to this term, as it have been changing during my studies.