[pt] Ao longo das últimas décadas, a possibilidade de se assegurar a emancipação da mulher pelo Direito foi empenhada em diversas frentes: consideração de direitos civis e políticos, lutas por direitos reprodutivos e, significativamente, pela tipificação e erradicação de diversos tipos de violências. A partir de uma perspectiva que toma o gênero como fator relevante para a definição do lugar que o sujeito ocupa na vida social, os movimentos feministas têm procurado problematizar o quanto homens e mulheres são impactados de formas diferentes pelo império do Direito. Tendo como principal eixo teórico a obra de Axel Honneth, cuja teoria do reconhecimento permite a compreensão dos conflitos sociais sob a ótica das relações intersubjetivas, a negação do reconhecimento jurídico feminino pode ser visualizada como uma forma de manutenção de uma esfera pública predominantemente masculina. Diante deste panorama, a primeira parte desta dissertação procura examinar o quanto a releitura do Direito por uma ótica feminista foi significativa para a reversão gradual desse quadro. Para cumprir esse objetivo, a pesquisa examina o desenvolvimento das teorias feministas do Direito, sistematizado por Martha Chamallas, e a importância da litigância feminista neste campo para politizar temas anteriormente restritos à esfera privada, tendo como principal objeto a categorização do assédio sexual em suas diversas manifestações. Após apresentar a utilização estratégica do Direito pelas litigantes feminitstas, em um segundo momento, a dissertação procura explorar as recentes atuações pela consideração legal do assédio nas ruas. Por fim, são apresentadas narrativas de mulheres apontando esta interação como responsável pela restrição de liberdades basilares da vida pública democrática.Ao longo das últimas décadas, a possibilidade de se assegurar a emancipação da mulher pelo Direito foi empenhada em diversas frentes: consideração de direitos civis e políticos, lutas por direitos reprodutivos e, significativamente, pela tipificação e erradicação de diversos tipos de violências. A partir de uma perspectiva que toma o gênero como fator relevante para a definição do lugar que o sujeito ocupa na vida social, os movimentos feministas têm procurado problematizar o quanto homens e mulheres são impactados de formas diferentes pelo império do Direito. Tendo como principal eixo teórico a obra de Axel Honneth, cuja teoria do reconhecimento permite a compreensão dos conflitos sociais sob a ótica das relações intersubjetivas, a negação do reconhecimento jurídico feminino pode ser visualizada como uma forma de manutenção de uma esfera pública predominantemente masculina. Diante deste panorama, a primeira parte desta dissertação procura examinar o quanto a releitura do Direito por uma ótica feminista foi significativa para a reversão gradual desse quadro. Para cumprir esse objetivo, a pesquisa examina o desenvolvimento das teorias feministas do Direito, sistematizado por Martha Chamallas, e a importância da litigância feminista neste campo para politizar temas anteriormente restritos à esfera privada, tendo como principal objeto a categorização do assédio sexual em suas diversas manifestações. Após apresentar a utilização estratégica do Direito pelas litigantes feminitstas, em um segundo momento, a dissertação procura explorar as recentes atuações pela consideração legal do assédio nas ruas. Por fim, são apresentadas narrativas de mulheres apontando esta interação como responsável pela restrição de liberdades basilares da vida pública democrática. / [en] Throughout the last decades, the possibility of ensuring the emancipation of women through the Law has been committed on several fronts: consideration of civil and political rights, struggles for reproductive rights and, significantly, the typification and eradication of various types of violence. From a perspective that takes gender as a relevant factor for the definition of the place that the subject occupies in social life, the feminist movements have tried to problematize how much men and women are impacted in different ways by the rule of Law. Having as main theoretical axis Axel Honneth s work, whose theory of recognition allows the understanding of social conflicts from the point of view of intersubjective relations, the denial of female legal recognition can be viewed as a way of maintaining a predominantly male public sphere. Given this panorama, the first part of this dissertation tries to examine how the rereading of the Law in a feminist perspective was significant for the gradual reversion of this picture. In order to fulfill this objective, the research examines the development of feminist legal theories, systematized by Martha Chamallas, and the importance of feminist litigation in this field to politicize subjects previously restricted to the private sphere, having as main object the categorization of sexual harassment in its various manifestations. After presenting the strategic use of Law by feminist litigants, the dissertation seeks to explore recent actions for the legal consideration of street harassment. Finally, narratives of women are presented, understanding this interaction as responsible for the restriction of basic freedoms of democratic public life.

This volume is a tribute to our friend and colleague Philip Shaw, Professor of English linguistics at the Department of English, Stockholm University, on the occasion of his 65th birthday. The 22 contributions to this volume by friends and colleagues worldwide bear witness to Philip’s academic versatility as well as his interests beyond academia. The first paper, ‘Narratives of Nature in English and Swedish: Butterfly books and the case of Argynnis paphia’, a genre study by Annelie Ädel and John Swales, is illustrated by Philip devoting himself to one of his favourite activities. It is followed by four other genre analyses, based on very different texts: Trine Dahl, ‘Telling it Like it Is or Strategic Writing? A portrait of the economist writer’, Paul Gillaerts, ‘Move Analysis of Abstracts from a Diachronic Perspective: A case study’, Maurizio Gotti, ‘Investigating the Generic Structure of Mediation Processes’, and Nils-Lennart Johannesson, ‘Orrmulum: Genre membership and text organisation’. The following five papers all relate to Philip’s work in the fields of English as a Second Language (ESL), English as a Lingua Franca (ELF), and English for Academic Purposes (EAP). The ESL study by Britt Erman and Margareta Lewis is titled ‘Vocabulary in Advanced L2 English Speech’, and ELF is represented by Beyza Björkman’s ‘Peer Assessment of Spoken Lingua Franca English in Tertiary Education in Sweden: Criterion-referenced versus norm-referenced assessment’. The three following papers relate to Philip’s work on academic writing: Magnus Gustafsson & Hans Malmström, ‘Master Level Writing in Engineering and Productive Vocabulary: What does measuring academic vocabulary levels tell us?’, Akiko Okamura, ‘Philip Shaw’s Writing Expertise in Academic Discourse’, and Diane Pecorari, ‘Additional Reasons for the Correlation of Voice, Tense and Sentence Function’. The three papers to follow address issues within the fields of dialectology and sociolinguistics, representing different speech communities in the English-speaking world: Joan C. Beal, ‘Tourism and the Commodification of Language’, Peter Sundkvist, ‘“Ridiculously Country”: The representation of Appalachian English in the Deliverance screenplay’, and Sandra Jansen, ‘“I don’t sound like a Geordie!”: Phonological and morphosyntactic aspects of Carlisle English’. This naturally leads on to studies on World Englishes, represented by papers by Kingsley Bolton, ‘World Englishes, Globalisation, and Language Worlds’, Gunnel Melchers, ‘The North Wind and the Sun: A classic text as data for World Englishes’, Christiane Meierkord & Bridget Fonkeu, ‘Of Birds and the Human Species – Communication in Migration Contexts: English in the Cameroonian migrant community in the Ruhr area’, and Augustin Simo Bobda, ‘The Emergence of a Standardizing Cameroon Francophone English Pronunciation in Cameroon’. The five final papers deal with a variety of linguistic topics all close to Philip’s heart but not so easily accommodated into the above sections. They are: Maria Kuteeva, ‘Tolkien and Lewis on Language in their Scholarly Work’, Karin Aijmer and Anna Elgemark, ‘The Pragmatic Markers Look and Listen in a Cross-linguistic Perspective’, Magnus Ljung, ‘Goddamn: From curse to byname’, Christina Alm-Arvius, ‘Opposites Attract’, and Erik Smitterberg, ‘Non-correlative Commas between Subjects and Verbs in Nineteenth-century Newspaper English’.

Electronic Patient Records (EPRs) are becoming standard tools in healthcare, lauded for improving patient access and outcomes. However, the healthcare professionals who work with, around, and despite these technologies in their daily practices often regard EPRs as troublesome. In order to investigate how EPRs can prompt such opposing opinions, this project examines the EPR as a collection of communication genres set in complex contexts. In this project, I investigate an EPR as it was used on the Nephrology ward at a large, Canadian, urban, paediatric teaching hospital. In this setting, this study investigates EPR-use in relation to the following aspects of context: (a) the visual rhetoric of the EPR's user-interface design; (b) the varied social contexts in which the EPR was used, including a diversity of professional collaborators who had varying levels of professional experience; (c) the span of social actions involved in EPR use; and (d) the other genres used in coordination with the EPR. <br /><br /> This qualitative study was conducted in two simultaneous stages, over the course of 8 months. Stage one consisted of a visual rhetorical analysis of a set of genres (including the EPR) employed by participants during a specific work activity. Stage two involved an elaborated, qualitative case study consisting of non-participant observations and semi-structured interviews. Stage two used a constructivist grounded theory methodology. A combination of theoretical perspectives -- Visual Rhetoric, Rhetorical Genre Studies, Activity Theory, and Actor-Network Theory -- supported the analysis of study data. This research reveals that participants routinely transformed EPR-based information into paper documents when the EPR's visual designs did not support the professional goals and activities of the participants. <br /><br /> Results indicate that healthcare professionals work around EPR-based patient information when that genre's visual organization is incompatible with professional activities. This study suggests that visual rhetorical analysis, complemented with observation and interview data, can provide useful insights into a genre's social actions. This research also examines the effects of such EPR-to-paper genre transformations. Although at one level of analysis, the EPR-to-paper-genre transformation may be considered inefficient for participants and so should be automated, at another level of analysis, the same transformation activity can be seen as beneficially supporting the detailed reviewing of patient information by healthcare professionals. <br /><br /> To account for this function in the transformation dysfunction, my research suggests that many contextual factors need to be considered during data analysis in order to construct a sufficiently nuanced understanding of a genre's social actions. To accomplish such an analysis, I develop a five-step approach to data analysis called 'context mapping. ' Context mapping examines genres in relation to the varied social contexts in which they are used, the span of social actions in which they are involved, and a range of genres with which they are coordinated. To conduct this analysis, context mapping relies heavily on theories of "genre ecologies" (Spinuzzi, 2003a, 2003b; Spinuzzi, Hart-Davidson & Zachry, 2004; Spinuzzi & Zachry, 2000) and "Knotworking" (Engestrom, Engestrom & Vahaaho, 1999). Context mapping's first three steps compile study data into results that accommodate a wide range of contextual analysis considerations. These three steps involve the use of a composite scenario of observation data, genre ecologies and the description of a starting point for analysis. The final two steps of this approach analyse results using the theory of Knotworking and investigate some of the implications of the patterns of genre use on the ward. <br /><br /> Through context mapping analysis, this study demonstrates that EPR-based innovations created by a study participant could result in the generation of other improvisations, in a range of genres, by the original participant and/or by other collaborators. These genre modifications had ramifications across multiple social contexts and involved a wide range of genres and associated social actions. Context mapping analysis demonstrates how the effects of participant-made EPR-based variations can be considered as having both beneficial and detrimental effects in the research site depending on the social perspective adopted. Contributions from this work are directed towards the fields of Rhetorical Genre Studies, Activity Theory research, and Health Informatics research, as well as to the research site itself. This study demonstrates that context mapping can support text-in-context style research in complex settings as a means for evaluating the effects of genre uses.

Key studies of apocalypse in previous years have consciously and unconsciously understood the genre in terms of its paradigmatic consistency across examples. This emphasis points out valuable similarities among a wide range of texts, but also diminishes the significance of a text’s locally and historically rooted ways of depicting experience. This study reflects an effort to rebalance the meaning of apocalypse by looking at a specific locale – the North American West Coast. I examine popular, critical, and literary representations of the West Coast to trace out the unique ways that they configure regional identities. Ultimately, I make the case for site-specific criticism, which values provisional, locally rooted terminologies and tropes for analyzing cultural problems. / Thesis (Ph.D, English) -- Queen's University, 2011-01-26 14:00:17.35

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-05-13T13:29:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianamarquesrufato.pdf: 546929 bytes, checksum: b96c788f3a46ad6ffd3347f85032deb1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-27T20:45:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianamarquesrufato.pdf: 546929 bytes, checksum: b96c788f3a46ad6ffd3347f85032deb1 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-06-27T20:45:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianamarquesrufato.pdf: 546929 bytes, checksum: b96c788f3a46ad6ffd3347f85032deb1 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-27T20:45:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 lucianamarquesrufato.pdf: 546929 bytes, checksum: b96c788f3a46ad6ffd3347f85032deb1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-02 / A presente dissertação busca mostrar, através da análise das personagens femininas dos romances Foi assim e La strada che va in città, de Natalia Ginzburg, a influência que os paradigmas da sociedade patriarcal da década de 1940 exerciam sobre a mulher e como esses afetavam o seu modo de vida. Com base nas teorias de Simone de Beauvoir, que tratam da diferença entre homens e mulheres, debateremos a visão crítica da autora italiana em relação à exaltação do masculino em detrimento do feminino. Objetivamos também, desmitificar a questão da inferioridade da autoria feminina sob a ótica da Crítica Feminista (SHOWATER, 1994). / This thesis intends to show, through the analysis of the female characters in the novels Foi assim and La strada che va in città, by Natalia Ginzburg, the influence that the paradigms of patriarchal society of the 1940‟s had on women and how they affected their lives. Based on the theories of Simone de Beauvoir, which treat the differences between men and women, we discuss the Italian author‟s critical view in relation to the exaltation of the masculine over the feminine. We also aim to demystify the subject of inferiority concerning female authorship from the perspective of Feminist Criticism (SHOWATER, 1994).

This essay is a contribution to literary history that explores Edgar Allan Poe’s criticism of the transcendentalist movement and its key figure Ralph Waldo Emerson through an analysis of the short stories “The Fall of the House of Usher” and “Never Bet the Devil Your Head.” By using genre criticism to define aspects of the Gothic genre, Poe’s criticism through Gothic tropes is studied together with an intertextual reading of the short stories and historical literary objects such as letters, magazines and literary reviews that details his views on transcendentalism. The purpose of this is to see if Poe used his fictional work to criticize his contemporaries. The analysis finds that “Never Bet the Devil Your Head” includes satirical comments on transcendentalist beliefs, as well one instance of specific criticism that targets Ralph Waldo Emerson as a writer - all of which can be connected to Poe’s non-fictional correspondence with fellow literati. In “The Fall of the House of Usher” Poe utilizes aspects of the Gothic genre that function as opposites to common transcendental beliefs.

This thesis explores the utilisation of satire within the television series It's Always Sunny in Philadelphia. Employing Stuart Hall's encoding/decoding model as a theoretical framework, this study delves into the complexities of how satire is constructed, received, and interpreted by viewers. Hall’s model will be paired with a genre studies and audience receptions studies. The research employs two methods; a text analysis of a specific episode (“A Woman’s Right to Chop”); and interviews. The issues displayed in the episode are: gender roles, women’s rights, abortion and adoption. These issues are portrayed in a satirical manner by the use of humour, exaggeration, irony, critique, stereotypes and symbolism. The majority of the interviewees were found to understand and engage with the satire. Parts of the interviewees understood some of the underlying meanings. Few of the interviewees did not understand or misunderstood the material completely. Apart from satire, the additional interpretations stemmed from viewers fixating on minor details, misconstruing the portrayed messages, taking a literal approach, and harbouring dismissive sentiments towards the episode's content.

[pt] A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo compreender as percepções das alunas e alunos sobre as relações de gênero na escola, com recorte para a gravidez na adolescência. A escolha desse objeto de investigação originou-se a partir da constatação da visibilidade das alunas grávidas e a invisibilidade dos alunos no debate sobre gravidez na adolescência nas escolas. Assim, ao longo da pesquisa procurou-se responder as questões: Quais são as percepções das alunas e dos alunos sobre gênero no que tange o tema da Gravidez na Adolescência? A escola permite reflexões sobre o tema segundo as percepções das alunas e dos alunos? Foi realizada uma pesquisa qualitativa ancorada em dois instrumentos metodológicos: questionários com perguntas abertas e oficinas pedagógicas com ênfase na pedagogia da imagem e no protagonismo juvenil. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida em uma escola pública na cidade de Cachoeiras de Macacu_ RJ junto as turmas de nono ano do ensino fundamental. No total, participaram do estudo vinte e cinco alunos (vinte e uma meninas e quatro meninos), entre catorze e dezessete anos de idade, respondentes dos questionários e, desses, catorze alunos (doze meninas e dois meninos) participaram das oficinas pedagógicas. O aporte teórico dessa pesquisa amparou-se nos estudos sobre Gravidez na Adolescência, Sexualidades e Gênero, principalmente, dos autores: Maria Heilborn, Michel Bozon e Guacira Louro. A partir da análise dos dados, constatou-se que alunos e alunas apontam a ausência familiar no debate sobre sexualidade e gravidez associada, ainda, a questão do pouco acesso às informações sobre os métodos contraceptivos. Os alunos, mais do que as alunas, apontam a internet como o principal canal de informações sobre Gravidez na Adolescência. A escola é reconhecida por meninos e meninas como um lugar para possíveis construções de reflexões sobre o tema. No entanto, constata-se que na escola os debates sobre gênero, sexualidade e gravidez na adolescência são voltados para discursos biológicos permeados pelo controle e prevenção. No que tange as relações de gênero na Gravidez da adolescência, as percepções dos alunos direcionam-se para existência de duas gravidezes distintas: a das meninas, considerada a Gravidez das Mudanças e a dos meninos, considerada a Gravidez mais fácil. / [en] The present research aims to understand the perceptions of students and students about gender relations in school, with a clipping for teenage pregnancy. The choice of this object of investigation originated from the verification of the visibility of the pregnant students and the invisibility of the students in the debate about pregnancy in the adolescence in the schools. Thus, during the research the following questions were answered: What are the perceptions of the students and the students about gender regarding the topic of teenage pregnancy? Does the school allow reflections on the theme according to the perceptions of the students and the students? A qualitative research was anchored in two methodological instruments: questionnaires with open questions and pedagogical workshops with an emphasis on image pedagogy and youth protagonism. The research was developed in a public school in the city of Cachoeiras de Macacu RJ together with the ninth grade classes of elementary school. Twenty-five students (twenty one girls and four boys), between the ages of fourteen and seventeen, participated in the study, of whom fourteen students ( twelve girls and two boy) participated in the pedagogical workshops. The theoretical contribution of this research was based on the studies on Pregnancy in Adolescence, Sexualities and Gender, mainly, of the authors: Maria Heilborn, Michel Bozon and Guacira Louro. From the analysis of the data, it was verified that the students indicate the family absence in the debate on sexuality and pregnancy associated with the issue of poor access to information about contraceptive methods. The students, more than the students, point to the internet as the main channel of information about Pregnancy in Adolescence. The school is recognized by boys and girls as a place for possible constructions of reflections on the theme. However, it is verified that in the school the debates on gender, sexuality and pregnancy in the adolescence are directed to biological discourses permeated by the control and prevention. Regarding gender relations in teenage pregnancy, the perceptions of the students are directed to the existence of two distinct pregnancies: that of the girls, considered the Pregnancy of Changes and that of the boys, considered the Easier Pregnancy.

Internet change notre manière de traiter l’information. Il change aussi les discours de tous les jours. De plus, des gens ont commencé à écrire, sur le web, des textes qui se sont imposés par la suite au milieu éditorial. Quel impact Internet a-t-il sur la littérature ? Je me sers de mon corpus (Les chroniques d’une mère indigne de Caroline Allard, Un taxi la nuit de Pierre-Léon Lalonde et Lucie le chien de Sophie Bienvenu) pour répondre à cette question : je cherche à démontrer que le blogue constitue un nouveau genre littéraire. Internet, d’abord, marque matériellement ce nouveau genre. Ensuite, que le blogue soit présenté sur le web ou dans un livre, il fonctionne essentiellement à partir d’anecdotes qui tournent autour d’un thème central, défini par un blogueur qui se met en scène en tant que personnage. Ces caractéristiques du blogue permettent de le comparer à deux genres qui lui ressemblent : le journal intime et l’essai. Le blogue est différent du journal intime à plusieurs points de vue, les plus importants étant le thème développé dans le blogue et le personnage que le blogueur construit. Par ailleurs, il ne peut être considéré comme un type d’essai : son caractère fortement anecdotique lui confère une visée plus narrative et un blogueur ne réfléchit pas sur le monde de la même manière qu’un essayiste. Bref, le blogue est un genre à part entière, tout jeune, qui se distingue suffisamment du journal intime et de l’essai pour être étudié avec des outils spécifiques. / Internet changes our way of processing information. It also changes everyday discourses. As well, people started to write, on the web, texts that eventually made their way into the editorial business. What impact has Internet on literature? I use my corpus (Les chroniques d’une mère indigne by Caroline Allard, Un taxi la nuit by Pierre-Léon Lalonde and Lucie le chien by Sophie Bienvenu) to answer that question : I try to demonstrate that the blog is a new genre. Internet, first, influences the materiality of this new genre. Then, whether a blog is read on the web or in a book, it relies essentially on anecdotes organised around a central theme, chosen by a blogger who puts himself on the spot as a character. Those particularities allow me to compare the blog to two other genres that are similar to it: the diary and the essay. The blog is different from the diary in many ways, the most important being the theme developed in the blog and the character the blogger builds. At the same time, it cannot be confused with the essay: its very anecdotic nature gives it a more narrative dimension and a blogger doesn’t think the world the same way an essayist does. In brief, the blog is a unique genre, very young, that is different enough from the diary and the essay to be studied with different tools.

<p>This dissertation examines French and Francophone texts, contexts and thematic problems that comprise a genre I call "ethnographic fiction," whose development we can trace throughout the twentieth century in several geographic locations and in distinct historical moments. During the twentieth century in France, anthropology as an institutionalized discipline and "literature" (writ large) were in constant communication with one another. On the one hand, many French anthropologists produced stylized works demonstrating aesthetic sensibilities that were increasingly difficult to classify. On the other hand, though, poets, philosophers and other literary intellectuals read, absorbed, commented on and attacked texts from anthropology. This century-long conversation produced an interdisciplinary conceptual field allowing French anthropology to borrow from and adapt models from literature at the same time as literature asserted itself as more than just an artistic enterprise and, indeed, as one whose epistemological prerogative was to contribute to and enrich the understanding of humankind and its cultural processes. In this dissertation I argue that fiction can be seen to travel in multiple directions within France's twentieth-century conversation between literature and anthropology such that we can observe the formation of a new genre, one comprised of texts that either explicitly or more implicitly fuse fictional forms and contents together with the methodological and representational imperatives of anthropology and ethnographic fieldwork. Additionally, I argue that fiction moves geographically as well, notably from the metropole to Francophone West Africa which became an anthropological hotspot in the twentieth century once extended field research was legitimated in France and armchair anthropology was thoroughly discredited. By investigating ethnographies, novels, memoirs and films produced both in metropolitan France, Francophone West Africa, and the French Caribbean (including texts by Michel Leiris, Amadou Hampâté Bâ, Jean Rouch, Jean-Claude Izzo and Raphaël Confiant), I aim to shed light on the kinds of work that elements of fiction perform in ethnographic texts and, by contrast, on how ethnographic concepts, strategies and fieldwork methods are implicitly or explicitly adopted and reformulated in more literarily oriented works of fiction. Ethnographic fiction as a genre, then, was born not only from the epistemological rapprochement of anthropology and literature in metropolitan France, but from complex and often fraught encounters with the very locations where anthropological praxis was carried out.</p> / Dissertation