This paper grapples with the differences between genuine and ordinary democracy within the political thought of Jacques Rancière, Sheldon Wolin, and Hannah Arendt. Each discusses the problems of ordinary democracy and offer solutions in terms of what I call genuine democracy. Ordinary democracy is the established norm of liberal democracy celebrated as the stable and a desired “end” of political action. It is what happens when politics as usual becomes the norm and shuts the people from the halls of power. Genuine politics exist within the structure ordinary democracy and seeks to achieve the continuous re-establishment of democratic processes while in the process speeding up and disrupting “politics as usual”.

Inledning: Studien är en explorativ kvalitativ undersökning av psykoterapeuters upplevelser i terapier med ungdomar med narcissistisk problematik. Fem psykoterapeuter deltog i kvalitativa intervjuer. Intervjumaterialet bearbetades utifrån en tematisk analys. Genom ett relationellt terapeutiskt arbete går det att få en "genuin" kontakt och bygga allians, men att det också är osäkert och inte en självklarhet. I resultatet framkommer att det krävs tålamod, uthållighet, lång klinisk erfarenhet, goda teoretiska kunskaper samt professionell handledning. Den slutsats som kan dras av studien är att trots ett tröttsamt, osäkert och slitsamt arbete som påverkar den egna självkänslan, är det mödan värt om man kan uppnå en allians med dessa ungdomar. Förutom relationell behandlings form förekom symboldrama som en metod och komplement till psykodynamisk terapi.

<p>Article 15(1) of the Community Trade Mark Regulation states that the Community Trade Mark holder has to put the mark into genuine use in the Community within five years from registration. Even though the regulation does not deal with the extent of use necessary, the Joint Statements uphold that genuine use within one country is enough. However, recent case law from national offices have ruled in the opposite direction, resulting in legal uncertainty concerning how much use that is needed. The courts claimed that use within merely one Member State is not use in a substantial part of the Community and therefore not genuine.This paper shows that it is not satisfactory to define genuine use in the Community by way of analogy to the term substantial part of the territory. The latter derives from the test of reputation concerning a different case entirely. Instead, most indicators point towards a market-oriented approach where national frontiers do not matter. Focus should be on the extent of use being made compared to the market concerned in the entire EU. A case-by-case assessment is required, where all relevant circumstances are taken into consideration.</p>

Article 15(1) of the Community Trade Mark Regulation states that the Community Trade Mark holder has to put the mark into genuine use in the Community within five years from registration. Even though the regulation does not deal with the extent of use necessary, the Joint Statements uphold that genuine use within one country is enough. However, recent case law from national offices have ruled in the opposite direction, resulting in legal uncertainty concerning how much use that is needed. The courts claimed that use within merely one Member State is not use in a substantial part of the Community and therefore not genuine.This paper shows that it is not satisfactory to define genuine use in the Community by way of analogy to the term substantial part of the territory. The latter derives from the test of reputation concerning a different case entirely. Instead, most indicators point towards a market-oriented approach where national frontiers do not matter. Focus should be on the extent of use being made compared to the market concerned in the entire EU. A case-by-case assessment is required, where all relevant circumstances are taken into consideration.

The ability to recognise an individual's affective state from their facial expression is crucial to human social interaction. However, understanding of facial expression recognition processes is limited because mounting evidence has revealed important differences between posed and genuine facial expressions of emotion. Most previous studies of facial expression recognition have used only posed or simulated facial expressions as stimuli, but posed expressions do not reflect underlying affective state unlike genuine expressions. The current study compared behavioural responses and Evoked Response Potentials (ERPs) to neutral expressions, posed smiles and genuine smiles, during three different tasks. In the first task, no behavioural judgment was required, whereas participants were required to judge whether the person was showing happiness in the second task or feeling happiness in the third task. Behavioural results indicated that participants exhibited a high degree of sensitivity in detecting the emotional state of expressions. Genuine smiles were usually labelled as both showing and feeling happiness, but posed smiles were far less likely to be labelled as feeling happiness than as showing happiness. Analysis of P1 and N170 components, and later orbitofrontal activity, revealed differential activity levels in response to neutral expressions as compared to posed and genuine smiles. This differential activity occurred as early as 135ms at occipital locations and from 450ms at orbitofrontal locations. There were significant interactions between participant behavioural sensitivity to emotional state and P1 and N170 amplitudes. However, no significant difference in ERP activity between posed smiles and genuine smiles was observed until 850ms at orbitofrontal locations. An additional finding was greater right temporal and left orbitofrontal activation suggesting hemispheric asymmetry of facial expression processing systems.

In social interactions it is important for perceivers to be able to differentiate between facial expressions of emotion associated with a congruent emotional experience (genuine expressions) and those that are not (posed expressions). This research investigated the sensitivity of participants with a range of depressive symptom severity and varying levels of rumination to the differences between genuine and posed facial expressions The suggested mechanisms underlying impairments in emotion recognition were also investigated; the effect of cognitive load (as a distraction from deliberate processing of stimuli) and attention, and the relationships between mechanisms and sensitivity across a range of depressive symptoms and level of rumination. Participants completed an emotion categorisation task in which they were asked if targets were showing either happiness or sadness, and then if targets were feeling those emotions. Participants also completed the same task under cognitive load. In addition, a recognition task was used to measure attention. Results showed that when making judgements about whether targets were feeling sad lower sensitivity was related to higher levels of depressive symptoms, but contrary to predictions, only when under cognitive load. Depressive symptoms and rumination were not related to higher levels of bias towards sad expressions. Recognition did not show a relationship with sensitivity, rumination or depression scores. Cognitive load did not show the expected effects or improving sensitivity but instead showed lower sensitivity scores in some conditions compared to conditions without load. Implications of results are discussed, as well as directions for future research.

The purpose of this study is to examine how a particular niche in tourism can attract international visitors to a certain destination. To do this, the Swedish food culture was used as a tool to find out how it is marketed to attract international visitors to Sweden. International visitors today wants to find destinations with a rich culture, authentications and traditions to get closer to the destinations identity. The study examines how three of the biggest companies, who works with the promotion of Sweden to an international audience, using the Swedish food culture as a marketing tool. We find that the visitor would like to get closer to the Swedish identity, which the Swedish food culture helps with. / Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur en viss nisch inom turism kan locka besökare till en destination. För att göra detta används den svenska matkulturen som hjälpmedel och vi tar reda på hur den marknadsförs för att attrahera internationella besökare att resa till Sverige. Internationella besökare söker sig idag i större utsträckning till destinationer där de får vara med och ta del av det som identifierar platsen, dess tradition, kultur och det autentiska. Studien undersöker hur tre av de största aktörerna, som jobbar med främjandet av Sverige mot en internationell målgrupp, använder sig av Sveriges matkultur som ett marknadsföringsverktyg. Vi finner att besökaren gärna vill komma närmare den svenska identiteten vilket den svenska matkulturen hjälper till med.

Pursuant to the European legislation it is required to use a registered trade mark genuinely. However, it does not directly follow from that legislation what exactly does the term “genuine use” represents. Finding of the proper meaning of the concept of genuine use requires profound analysis of the case-law of the CJEU which has made many comments to this issue in dozens of its decisions. Since these decisions usually deal with different specific questions relating to the concept of genuine use, the relevant case-law seems fragmented. However, putting these decisions together, it is possible to get fairly clear idea about the concept and what it requires. Therefore, this thesis provides its reader with a complex description and analysis of the concept of genuine use within the EU and its interpretation as presented by the CJEU. Besides, the thesis clarifies certain procedural aspects connected with the concept of genuine use, namely these related to proving of genuineness of a use of a trade mark and also these related to utilization of the concept of genuine use in various trade mark proceedings. Finally, the thesis analyses the relationship between the concept of genuine use and trade mark licenses.

Diplomová práce se zabývá tématem alternativních ukazatelů vývoje hospodářství, které berou v úvahu úroveň štěstí ve společnosti. Zkoumá, za jakých historických souvislostí v první polovině 20. století vznikal ukazatel HDP a na co tehdy reagoval a snaží se nastínit, co se od té doby změnilo. Cílem je odpovědět na otázky, zda má smysl měřit indexy na základě štěstí a zda již dozrála doba na rozšíření povědomí o nich.

The aim of this thesis is to introduce sales of SKODA Genuine Parts and to confirm the hypothesis that current data referring to amount of Skoda vehicles being used within the Czech Republic are gathered upon wrong methodology, which leads to unobjective marketing analysis which serves as a basis for decision-making. In case the hypothesis is confirmed, a new proposal of data collecting system is required, which will be feasible in long term. It will be necessary to specify the data sources, its plausibility, provide useful information such as the number of cars, age, models, engines, segmentation and so on. Afterwards, the author analyses the market potential for sales of Genuine Parts using the collected data. The data obtained by the new system is required to be used both for sales purposes and for dealing with customers.