京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(理学) / 甲第23679号 / 理博第4769号 / 新制||理||1683(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院理学研究科数学・数理解析専攻 / (主査)教授 池田 保, 教授 雪江 明彦, 准教授 市野 篤史 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Science / Kyoto University / DFAM

In view of levelling the playing field between foreign and local employers in the host country, the European Commission proposed in March 2016 to revise the Posting of Workers Directive (PWD) 96/71/EC. The amended PWD (EU) 2018/957, that was adopted mid-2018, introduces some significant changes in order to combat the shortcomings resulting from the original PWD, strengthening the importance of ensuring fair competition (between local and foreign employers) and improving the protection of workers. In a nutshell, the PWD aims at promoting the principle of equal pay for equal work in the same place, especially by extending the so-called hard nucleus of working conditions and introducing a provision for long-term postings. This new legislation will be implemented throughout the EU as of mid-2020. The following article aims to investigate the extent to which the changes demand national implementation from an Austrian point-of-view; the latter could serve as a guidance.

<p>Denna uppsats är en narrativ studie om hiphopkulturen som ungdomskultur. Målet med undersökningen har varit att förstå hur hiphoparna blir en del av den egna kulturen och hur de ser sig själva som medlemmar av hiphopkulturen. Som insamlingsmetod har jag använt mig av tre fokusgrupper samt en enskild intervju. Informanterna har varit 20-26 år och kommer från två mellanstora städer i Sverige.</p><p>Det resultat som framkommit är att hiphoparen gör en slags karriär inom kulturen. För att kunna göra denna karriär är hiphoparen beroende av mer erfarna personer. Det finns även ett beroende av det övriga samhället för att kunna lyckas. Tankarna kring den egna kulturen kan sammanfattas i fyra olika huvudteman: Genus, Attribut, Äkthet och Battle.</p> / <p>This is a narrative study of the hiphop culture as a youth culture. The aim has been to understand how and why young people in middle-sized Swedish towns become hiphopers and also how they look at themselves as members of the hiphop culture.</p><p>The research methods applied are three focus group interviews and one single person interview. The participants are between 20 and 26 years. The hiphoper makes a kind of a career in the culture. To be able to make the career, the hiphoper is dependent of other people with better skills as well as of the society. The thoughts of the hiphopers in question can be summarized in four main themes: gender, attribute, genuine and battle.</p>

Denna uppsats är en narrativ studie om hiphopkulturen som ungdomskultur. Målet med undersökningen har varit att förstå hur hiphoparna blir en del av den egna kulturen och hur de ser sig själva som medlemmar av hiphopkulturen. Som insamlingsmetod har jag använt mig av tre fokusgrupper samt en enskild intervju. Informanterna har varit 20-26 år och kommer från två mellanstora städer i Sverige. Det resultat som framkommit är att hiphoparen gör en slags karriär inom kulturen. För att kunna göra denna karriär är hiphoparen beroende av mer erfarna personer. Det finns även ett beroende av det övriga samhället för att kunna lyckas. Tankarna kring den egna kulturen kan sammanfattas i fyra olika huvudteman: Genus, Attribut, Äkthet och Battle. / This is a narrative study of the hiphop culture as a youth culture. The aim has been to understand how and why young people in middle-sized Swedish towns become hiphopers and also how they look at themselves as members of the hiphop culture. The research methods applied are three focus group interviews and one single person interview. The participants are between 20 and 26 years. The hiphoper makes a kind of a career in the culture. To be able to make the career, the hiphoper is dependent of other people with better skills as well as of the society. The thoughts of the hiphopers in question can be summarized in four main themes: gender, attribute, genuine and battle.

La presente investigación se establece en el ámbito de la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera e integra el estudio de ciertos fenómenos abordados por la teoría de la cortesía. Se trata de un estudio de carácter investigativo cuyo propósito es determinar el nivel de competencia sociopragmática que demuestra un grupo experimental de hablantes de sueco L1 y español LE respecto a la Descortesía No Auténtica, en adelante DNA (Bernal, 2007). En este tipo de cortesía que implica dirigir insultos y/o términos con carga actitudinal convencionalmente negativa hacia el interlocutor, los factores contextuales intervienen haciendo que estos adquieran un fin afiliativo. Para ejemplificar este tipo de cortesía recurrimos al uso de materiales auténticos de tipo audiovisual, concretamente a seis secuencias extraídas de la serie de televisión española Los hombres de Paco, sobre las que nuestro grupo experimental nos mostrará sus percepciones por medio de una encuesta. Partimos de la hipótesis de que los informantes suecos, al no compartir los conocimientos propios de la comunidad española y aprender la lengua en un contexto formal (en el aula), no serán capaces de comprender en su totalidad el uso de esta DNA. En nuestro trabajo nos basamos en una metodología propia de la pragmática sociocultural (Bravo, 2009), lo que requiere la participación de un grupo de consultación de origen español con dos objetivos principales: que sus aportaciones confirmen el análisis introspectivo realizado por la investigadora y que ambos conjuntos de resultados sirvan de base para analizar las respuestas que ofrece el grupo experimental. Un análisis cualitativo de todas las respuestas proporcionadas nos permite concluir que el grupo sueco, si bien posee un nivel de competencia sociopragmática desarrollado respecto a la comprensión de la DNA, este es limitado a la hora de ponerla en práctica, por lo que su nivel sociopragmático no es totalmente equiparable al de los nativos de español. / The present research belongs to the field of Teaching Spanish as a foreign language and deals with the study of certain phenomena pertaining to the theory of politeness. This investigative study intends to determine the level of sociopragmatic competence demonstrated by an experimental group composed by Swedish native speakers who are also Spanish non-native speakers, regarding Non-Genuine Impoliteness (Bernal, 2007). In this type of politeness which involves to address towards the interlocutor insults and/or expressions that conventionally express a negative attitude, contextual factors take part making they get an affiliative aim. To illustrate with examples this type of politeness we recur to the use of authentic audiovisual materials, specifically to six sequences extracted from the Spanish TV series Los hombres de Paco. By means of a survey, our experimental group of students will demonstrate their perceptions of the sequences. We hypothesize that, as that our Swedish experimental group does not share the same knowledge of the Spanish-speech community and as they learn this foreign language in a formal environment (the classroom), they will not be able to understand the use of this NGI in its entirety. We base our investigation in a methodology directly pertaining to sociocultural pragmatics (Bravo, 2009), which requires the participation of a further Spanish consultative group of participants, with two main objectives in mind: that their contributions confirm the introspective analysis made by the researcher and that both sets of results serve as a basis for the analysis of the answers given by our student experimental group. A qualitative analysis of all the answers provided enables us to conclude that the Swedish group, although they possess a developed level of sociopragmatic competence regarding the understanding of the NGI, is still limited when it comes to putting it into practice, as their sociopragmatic level of competence is not entirely comparable to that of native Spanish speakers.

Šio magistro baigiamojo darbo objektas - prekių ženklo naudojimo reikalavimo problematika. Magistro baigiamajame darbe yra nagrinėjami tarptautiniai, Europos Sąjungos bei nacionaliniai teisės aktai, reglamentuojantys prekių ženklo naudojimo reikalavimą, analizuojama aktuali Europos Bendrijų Teisingumo Teismo, Europos Bendrijų pirmosios instancijos teismo bei Vidaus rinkos harmonizavimo tarnybos (prekių ženklams ir dizainui) praktika. Šio darbo tikslas yra išnagrinėti probleminius prekių ženklo naudojimo reikalavimo teorinius bei praktinius aspektus ir pateikti galimus šių problemų sprendimo variantus. Magistro baigiamajame darbe aptariama prekių ženklo naudojimo reikalavimo samprata, tikslai bei taikymo ypatumai. Pagrindinis dėmesys šiame darbe skiriamas prekių ženklo naudojimui keliamų reikalavimų teisinio reglamentavimo bei taikymo teisminių ir kvaziteisminių institucijų praktikoje analizei. Konkrečiai, magistro baigiamajame darbe nagrinėjamas prekių ženklo naudojimo iš tikrųjų reikalavimas, analizuojami prekių ženklo naudojimo subjektams, būdui, laikotarpiui, vietai ir apimčiai keliami reikalavimai. Paskutinėje darbo dalyje apžvelgiamos aplinkybės, pateisinančios prekių ženklo nenaudojimą. Šiame magistro baigiamajame darbe keliama hipotezė, jog pagrindinę prekių ženklo naudojimo reikalavimo problematiką sukelia ne teisinio reguliavimo netobulumas, o prekių ženklo naudojimui keliamų reikalavimų aiškinimas bei taikymas praktikoje. / The subject matter of this thesis is the problematic of obligation to use the trademark. This thesis provides with the study of international, European Union and Lithuanian national law related to obligation to use the trademark as well as analysis of the relevant case-law of European Court of Justice, Court of First Instance and the Office of Harmonization for the Internal Market (Trade Marks and Designs). This work aims to analyze the problematic theoretical and practical aspects of obligation to use the trademark as well as to suggest possible solutions to the problem. This thesis gives an overview of the concept of obligation to use the trademark, its purposes and peculiarities of application. The main emphasis of this work is on analysis of regulation of requirements imposed on trademark use as well as their application in the case-law of judicial and quasi-judicial institutions. In particular, this thesis provides analysis of the genuine trademark use requirement as well as requirements for the subjects, nature, place, time and extent of the trademark use. The last part of the work deals with the circumstances which justify non-use of the trademark. This thesis raises the hypothesis that the main problematic of obligation to use the trademark is caused by practical interpretation and application of requirements for trademark use rather than by imperfection of legal regulation.

No description available.

Berger, Natalia: The Jewish Museum. History and Memory, Identity and Art from Vienna to the Bezalel National Museum, Jerusalem [= Ben-Rafael, Eliezer/Gorny, Yosef/Liwerant, Judit Bokser (Hg.): Jewish Identities in a Changing World, Band 29], Leiden/Boston: Brill 2018, 584 S., ISBN: 978-90-04-35387-9, EUR 160,00. Besprochen von Dorothea Warneck.

<p>Doktorska disertacija posve&para;cena je re&middot;savanju nelinearnih hiperboli&middot;cnih skalarnih zakona odr&middot;zanja u heterogenim sredinama, prou&middot;cavanjem osobina kompaktnosti re&middot;senja familija aproksimativnih jedna&middot;cina. Ta&middot;cnije, u cilju dobijanja re&middot;senja u = u(t; x) problema @ t u + divx f (t; x; u) = 0;uj t=0 = u 0(x); gde su promenljive x 2 R d i t 2 R+<br />, posmatramo familije problema koji na neki na&middot;cin aproksimiraju po&middot;cetni problem, a koje znamo da re&middot;simo, i ispitujemo familije dobijenih re&middot;senja koja zovemo aproksimativna re&middot;senja. Cilj nam je da poka&middot;zemo da je dobijena familija u nekom smislu prekompaktna,<br />tj. da ima konvergentan podniz &middot;cija granica re&middot;sava po&middot;cetni problem.</p> / <p>Doctoral theses is dedicated to solving nonlinear hyperbolic scalar conservation laws in heterogeneous media, by studying compactness properties of the family of solutions to approximate problems. More precise, in order to obtain solution u = u(t; x) to the problem @ t u + divx f (t; x; u) = 0; uj t=0 = u 0 (x); (4.18) where x 2 R d and t 2 R+<br />, we study the solutions of the families of problems that, in some way, approximate previously mentioned problem, which we know how to solve. We call those solutions approximate solutions. The aim is to show that the obtained family is in some sense precompact, i.e. has convergent subsequence that solves the problem (4.18).</p>

The purpose of this study is to examine whether the implementation of quantitative easing (QE) and quantitative tightening (QT) in the United States has detracted from the integrity of the country’s macroeconomic environment. In other words, does QE impact macroeconomic stability? Then, evaluate implications and externalities of stability as they relate to sustainability efforts. QE and QT are relatively new phenomena, understanding their effects and implications for the greater economy is a worthwhile endeavor, not least because QE is a current practice of so many central banks internationally. This study has two parallel investigations; first, a time series analysis conducted with a VAR model investigating the relationship of QE/QT usage by the Federal Reserve (Fed) on the macroeconomic stability of the United States. The data used in this study includes 242 monthly observations spanning January 2003 - February 2023. The second, is an OLS regression analysis evaluating whether macroeconomic stability is potentially correlated with sustainability efforts. For this study, 23 annual observations spanning 1995 – 2017 were used. Due in part to the general unavailability of genuine progress indicator (GPI) data. Based on the analysis conducted using a VAR model at lag t-4, QE has a positive relationship with Producer Price Index (PPI) and Federal Funds Rate (FFR). This is in accord with previous empirical literature on the subject. However, the second path of discovery failed to yield significant results with regard to the link between macroeconomic stability and sustainability efforts. Mention of this study’s limitations as well as avenues for future research can be found in the conclusion of this study.