(in English): This diploma thesis deals with the literary image of Sicily by analysing characteristic works by four Sicilian authors in the historical period from the process of the Italian unification to the end of World War II. The authors are Giovanni Verga, Luigi Pirandello, Vitaliano Brancati and Leonardo Sciascia. This thesis is based primarily on the assumption that these writers are subjective and empiric authors and their works clearly reflect the fact that they hail from Sicily having been influenced by its societal norms and traditions. The author supports her arguments by the theoretical essays written by Leonardo Sciascia, who devoted his lifetime to the study of Sicily from the historical, social, political and anthropological perspective. The basic prerequisite for this work therefore consists of three theoretical publications: Pirandello e il pirandelismo (1953, Pirandello and the pirandellism), Pirandello e la Sicilia (1961, Pirandello and Sicily), La Sicilia come metafora (1979, Sicily as a metaphor). In this thesis the author attempts to trace the common attributes and linking motifs throughout selected characteristic works and their analysis. As a conclusion, the author summarizes her observations and intends to find more general parallels between the historical development of...

Setting a very famous Metastasio's libreto Semiramide riconosciuta to music in Prague in 1752, Giovanni Marco Rutini has ranked among the best composers of his time. The aim of this thesis is to explore the process of this production coming to light: the influence of changes in the original libretto in the beginning to the impact of music later. Researching the context of the Prague theatre productions in the 1750s, we were further able to make some suggestions about the reasons of these changes/interpretations. Studying the dramaturgical level of this composition in the first place, we were using comparison and stylistic analytical methods which showed Rutini as a very creative composer with a sense of dramatical situations and a characterization skills. Key words: Giovanni Marco Rutini, Semiramide riconosciuta, Pietro Metastasio, Giovanni Battista Locatelli, Christoph Willibald Gluck, dramaturgy of opera, musical analysis

The goal undertaken in this Bachelor´s thesis was to establish, and possibly audit, the assumed motif, provenance, dating and formal style regarding two Medieval wooden sculptures depicting Saint Martin of Tours and Saint George. Both are preserved in the art collection formerly owned by one of the great Swedish artists and art collectors of the nineteenth century: Anders Zorn (1860-1920). The purpose of the study was to account for the two sculptures using the Iconographic analysis developed by Erwin Panofsky (1892-1968), and the style critical method founded by Giovanni Morelli (1816-1891). The goal was furthermore to incorporate the sculptures into a broader art historical context and discuss in what way history has impacted the usage of and attitude towards the Medieval wooden sculptures i Sweden. The result of the study concluded that the majority of what had earlier been assumed about the sculptures in regards to their respective motif, geographical orgin, style and age had been correct. Some new contributions were however made concerning similar representations, local contextualizations and the mere act of researching an object to which no major research had yet been devoted. The study also concluded that the ever changing usage of and attitude towards the Middle Ages from the Reformation during the sixteenth and seventeenth century until the beginning of the twentieth century, has likewise affected the usage of and attitude towards the medieval wooden sculptures. The consequences for the sculptures were never unequivocally positive or negative.

La compilation des Navigationi et viaggi, publiée à Venise en trois volumes entre 1550 et 1559, est le point d'aboutissement d'un travail de collecte et d'édition de textes géographiques effectué par le géographe humaniste Giovanni Battista Ramusio (1485-1557) au cours de la première moitié du XVIe siècle. Le compilateur entend mettre à jour la description du monde tout en proposant un nouveau modèle de constitution du savoir, dont le point de départ est l'expérience de ceux qui ont pris part aux voyages exploratoires passés et en cours. Ramusio, qui fit toute sa carrière comme secrétaire de chancellerie auprès de la République de Venise, prit appui sur un dense réseau de collaborateurs qui lui fournirent témoignages et récits de voyages. Ce travail de recherche offre pour la première fois une analyse conjointe de la figure de Ramusio comme géographe de cabinet et comme secrétaire de chancellerie, tout en inscrivant son activité dans le contexte de la Venise du début de l'âge moderne.La première partie de la thèse propose une reconstitution, fondée sur un travail d'archives, du laboratoire de Ramusio : les institutions de la République de Venise, le milieu savant italien et le monde de l'édition vénitien. Par l'étude de son statut et de sa démarche, l'interrelation entre ses intérêts propres et ses prérogatives professionnelles est mise en évidence. La deuxième partie porte sur la compilation, elle aborde à la fois les modèles suivis, les choix inédits de mise en forme et les processus de sélection des sources. Les intentions et le projet de Ramusio sont étudiés sur la base de ses propres écrits – les discorsi des Navigationi et viaggi – dans la troisième partie, où l'analyse porte sur la compilation comme ouvrage de géographie politique. / The three-volume compilation, Navigationi et viaggi, published in Venice from 1550 to 1559, is the work of the humanist geographer Giovanni Battista Ramusio (1485-1557), who collected and edited geographical texts throughout the first half of the 16th century. The compiler attempted to update the description of the known world by employing new modes of knowledge, primarily based on the experiences of those who had taken part in exploratory travels. Ramusio, who served the Republic of Venice as a secretary at the chancellery, benefited from a broad network of collaborators who provided him with testimonies and travel accounts. My research offers the first joint analysis of Ramusio, the armchair geographer and secretary, within the context of early-modern Venice.Based on archival research, the first part of this work offers a reconstruction of Ramusio’s laboratory as part of the institutions of the Republic of Venice, the scholarly environment of Italy, and the world of Venetian publishing. The interrelation between his own interests and his professional prerogatives is established through a study of his scholarly approach and official role. The second part of this study focuses on the compilation, taking into account Ramusio’s influences, as well as his original choices for the organisation and selection of knowledge and sources. The objectives of this work of political geography are examined in the third part through an analysis of Ramusio’s own writings, the Navigationi et viaggi’s discorsi.

Im Jahre 1675 komponierte Alessandro Stradella (1639–1682) ein »Oratorio di San Giovanni Battista« nach einem Libretto von Ansaldo Ansaldi (1651–1719). Ansaldis Libretto wird hier erstmals in einer Edition und einer deutschsprachigen Übersetzung vorgelegt. / In 1675, Alessandro Stradella (1639–1682) composed an “Oratorio di San Giovanni Battista” based on a libretto by Ansaldo Ansaldi (1651–1719). This is an edition and German translation of Ansaldi’s libretto.

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[pt] A Escola de Gênova sobre a Interpretação Jurídica, para alguns, ou o Realismo Jurídico Genovês, para outros, é corrente teórica italiana que lança luz sobre uma série de problemas que envolvem a interpretação jurídica; especialmente, aqueles vinculados ao caráter discricionário do intérprete ao interpretar um documento normativo. Este trabalho faz uma reconstrução dos problemas jurídicos interpretativos mais consistentes que geraram as preocupações da Escola, e apresenta as principais reflexões dos autores a ela vinculados. Seus principais fundamentos são: a postura ceticista frente à interpretação jurídica e as decorrências analíticas: separação entre texto e norma e necessidade de despolitização dos juízes. Apresenta-se, neste trabalho, os argumentos principais que marcam um bloco de posições dos autores da Escola, que subsistem às críticas e que marcam o pensamento genovês. São estes: a criação de um modelo meta-teórico e metajusrisprudencial de análise do direito; o clareamento das discussões entre o formalismo jurídico e o ceticismo interpretativo; as críticas ao objetivismo moral; a separação analítica entre texto e norma; a reflexão crítica sobre o modelo tradicional de separação dos poderes e as noções e os conceitos de sistema, decisão, ponderação e discricionariedade como limitações da politização do judiciário. / [en] The Genoa School on Legal Interpretation, for some, or Genoese Legal Realism, for others, is an Italian theoretical current that sheds light on a series of problems involving legal interpretation; especially those linked to the interpreter s discretion when interpreting a normative document. This work reconstructs the most consistent interpretive legal problems that generated the School s concerns, and presents the main reflections of the authors linked to it. Its main foundations are: the skeptical attitude towards legal interpretation and the analytical consequences: separation between text and norm and the need for depoliticization of the judges. In this work, the main arguments that mark a block of positions of the authors of the School, that remain with criticisms and that mark the Genoese thought are presented. These are: the creation of a meta-theoretical and meta-jurisprudential model of law analysis; the clarification of the discussions between legal formalism and interpretive skepticism; criticisms of moral objectivism; the analytical separation between text and standard; critical reflection on the traditional model of separation of powers and the notions and concepts of system, decision, weighting and discretion as limitations of the politicization of the judiciary.

The dissertation presents an annotated critical edition of Benvento da Imola's Expositio to the first of Valerius Maximus' books, flanked by a service edition of the recollectae of Benvenuto's Bolognese course (Part II). The Introduction (Part I), in addition to explaining criteria and methods of the edition, brings order within the manuscript tradition of the Expositio and the recollecte; special attention is given to those manuscripts that seem to convey an "intermediate" redaction of the commentary, which the present work seeks to attribute to the Paduan Ludovico Buzzacarini. The long-held view that a commentary on Valerius Maximus by Giovanni Conversini exists, preserved in ms. Correr 855, is also refuted. The Observations (Part III) highlight the differences between the Expositio and the recollecte and the structural features of the commentary. Part IV updates the relationships between Benvenuto, on the one hand, and Petrarch and Boccaccio, on the other, in light of quotations and mentions of the two Corone made in the commentary on Valerius Maximus, which are more often implicit than explicit. Finally, we note the complete absence of quotations from Dante and the Commedia in the Expositio, significant of the author's desire to root his exegesis in classical antiquity. / La tesi presenta un'edizione critica commentata dell'Expositio di Benvento da Imola al primo di libro di Valerio Massimo, affiancata da un'edizione di servizio delle recollecte del corso bolognese di Benvenuto (Parte II). L'Introduzione (Parte I), oltre a spiegare criteri e metodi di edizione, mette ordine all'interno della tradizione manoscritta di Expositio e recollecte; una particolare attenzione è data a quei manoscritti che paiono trasmettere una redazione del commento “intermedia”, che il presente lavoro cerca di attribuire al padovano Ludovico Buzzacarini. Viene inoltre confutata l'opinione a lungo invalsa che esista, conservato nel ms. Correr 855, un commento a Valerio Massimo di Giovanni Conversini. Le Osservazioni (Parte III) mettono in rilievo le differenze tra l'Expositio e le recollecte e i caratteri strutturali del commento. La Parte IV aggiorna i rapporti tra Benvenuto, da una parte, e Petrarca e Boccaccio, dall'altra, alla luce di citazioni e menzioni delle due Corone fatte nel commento a Valerio Massimo, più spesso implicite che esplicite. Si rileva infine la completa assenza di citazioni di Dante e della Commedia nell'Expositio, significativo della volontà dell'autore di radicare l'esegesi nell'antichità classica.

本研究乃鑒於台灣的學校教育，未因台灣的民主化讓訓育式教育的力量消失，人權教育的落實就更顯重要。然而人權的概念源於民主理論，所以欲從Dahl與Sartori的民主理論著手釐清。 從人權教育的發展脈落可以發現，人權教育所應包含的核心價值，即平等、自由與民主三者—(1)平等方面：平等不在於外在的平均主義，而在於個人內在的價值上，這種平等的判斷方法稱為「內在平等」原則；(2)民主方面：民主一詞源於古希臘雅典城邦，但現在的民主，指的是一種以有限多數的有效參與、充分知情和議程控制，以及公平選舉與代表權轉移的政治制度，用以保證其公民的基本權利不受侵害；(3)自由方面：十七至十九世紀的古典自由主義思想，為的是防止政府權利對個人的戕害，到十九世紀，更進一步要求政府為人民謀福利，成為所謂的新自由主義。並且平等、民主與自由三者間，可歸納出「以民主達成自由，並以自由完成平等」的關係。 經過分析後，提出幾點對人權教育的建議：(1)釐清人權教育核心概念的意義；(2)涵蓋內在平等原則的人權教育；(3)學習並運用有效的民主議程；(4)諮詢相關專家的重要性；(5)視人權教育是民主社會的根基。如此才能使台灣人權教育的落實更為徹底。 / Because of the importance of human rights education in Taiwan, it is needed to make the meaning of human rights more clear. However, the value of human rights is relating to the history of democracy. This study is intended to search for the construction on human rights education through democracy theory, especially by the view of Robert A. Dahl and Giovanni Sartori, to set up the theoretical foundation. According to the context of the development of human rights education, it could be found out that equality, democracy and liberty are important concepts. After analyzing, we can discover that: (1) Equality is not equalitarianism but “intrinsic equality.” (2) Classical Greece is the source of “democracy”, but the democracy of nowadays is not totally the same to the classical one. (3) The thought of liberty comes from liberalism, and it is in order to prevent the people from the invasions of the government. On the basis of Dahl and Sartori’s writings, democracy is the strategy to achieve liberty, and the liberty is the condition to achieve equality. At the end, the following conclusions are made: (1) The understanding of the equality, democracy and liberty are important. (2) “Intrinsic equality” must be taught in class. (3) The efficient agenda of democracy must be learned. (4) It is needed to consult the experts. (5) We should take human rights education as the base of the democratic society. These above could be helpful to human rights education in Taiwan.

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