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Orientadores: Maricilda Palandi de Mello, Monica Barbosa de Melo, Fernanda Caroline Soardi / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T10:51:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Franca_EmersonSalvadordeSouza_M.pdf: 3804995 bytes, checksum: 694d80ade56340a0a1125338c03238ad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: O gene PAX6 é o principal gene para o controle da organização do sistema ocular durante a embriogênese. Este gene pertence a uma família de reguladores de transcrição denominada PAX, sendo que seus membros compartilham um domínio funcional de 128 aminoácidos chamado de paired domain. O PAX6 é o mais bem estudado dessa família. O gene PAX6 está localizado na banda 13 do braço curto do cormossomo11 em humanos, e apresenta 14 exons sendo que os três primeiros e parte do quarto exon não são traduzidos. A proteína do PAX6 possui dois domínios funcionais: o paired domain e o homeo domain, que são separados por um segmento de ligação denominado LNK e seguidos por uma região com importante função na ativação transcricional denominada PST. A proteína do gene PAX6 é um fator de regulação transcricional altamente conservado com funções importantes para o desenvolvimento normal dos olhos e do sistema nervoso. Alterações no gene PAX6 em humanos foram associadas ao fenótipo de aniridia, da síndrome de Morning Glory (MGS) e também de doenças associadas ao desenvolvimento ocular. A aniridia é um defeito congênito raro, a qual provoca uma formação incompleta ou a ausência da íris. Embora seus efeitos variem entre os indivíduos, pode causar perda de visão. A doença pode ser de herança autossômica dominante ou de manifestação esporádica. MGS é uma anomalia congênita do nervo óptico, comumente unilateral, podendo encontrar-se associada estrabismo, ambliopia e nistagmo. Freqüentemente essa síndrome pode encontrar-se associada a anomalias endócrinas, renais e do sistema nervoso central. Sendo assim, o projeto teve por objetivos a análise molecular do gene PAX6 através de seqüenciamento e da técnica de MLPA em pacientes com aniridia e pacientes portadores da síndrome de MGS, a fim de se detectar mutações e/ou polimorfismos que pudessem estar ligados ao quadro clínico dos indivíduos. A casuística do projeto foi de três famílias com segregação aniridia, um indivíduo esporádico com aniridia e quatro indivíduos portadores da síndrome de Morning Glory. O grupo controle consistiu de 50 indivíduos triados como não tendo alterações oftalmológicas. Foi encontrada uma mutação p.R240X no gene PAX6, que causa uma troca de uma arginina por um stop codon, segregando nos indivíduos afetados da Família 1 e assim explicando o fenótipo dos indivíduos. Essa mutação é a mais freqüente associada à aniridia, porém é a primeira vez que ela foi descrita na população brasileira. Também foram encontradas diversas alterações descritas e não descritas que necessitam de mais estudos para que possam ser associadas à manifestação do fenótipo dos indivíduos afetados. Além disso, foi observada pela técnica de MLPA, uma possível micro-deleção ou alteração nucleotídica no exon 1 do gene RCN1 encontrada nos filhos das Famílias 1 e 3 podendo estar envolvida na regulação 5' do gene PAX6. Outra possível micro-deleção ou alteração nucleotídica foi também observada no exon 9 do gene ELP4, que pode estar associada a regulação 3' do gene PAX6. Esse estudo demonstrou que para a etiologia de aniridia e síndrome Morning Glory devem existir outros genes cuja expressão possa estar alterada durante o desenvolvimento. / Abstract: PAX6 gene is the major gene in the control of eye organization during development. It belongs to a family of transcription regulators called PAX, formed by several members which share a 128 aminoacid functional domain called paired domain. PAX6 is best studied within this family. In humans, it is located on chromosome 11p13 and is formed by 14 exons; the first three and part of the fourth are not translated. PAX6 protein comprises two functional domains: the paired domain and the homeo domain which are separated by a linker called LNK and followed by an important region with trancriptional activity called PST. The PAX6 protein is a highly conserved transcriptional regulator factor that is important for normal ocular and neural development. Mutations on human PAX6 gene were associated to aniridia, Morning Glory Syndrome and other ocular diseases. Aniridia is rare birth defect which leads to an incomplete formation or the absence of the iris. Although their effects vary between individual, aniridia can cause loss of vision. The disease may be autosomal dominant or sporadic event. The Morning Glory Syndrome (MGS) is a congenital optic disk dysplasia, generally unilateral, which can be associated with strabismus, amblyopia and nystagmus. This syndrome may be often associated with endocrine, renal and central nervous system abnormalities. Thus the aim of this investigation was to evaluate the molecular composition of PAX6 gene using direct sequencing and MLPA technique in patients with Aniridia and Morning Glory Syndrome, to detect mutations and/or polymorphisms associated with the patient's phenotypes. Were included in the study 1 family with segregation of aniridia, 1 family with Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome, 1 sporadic individual with aniridia and 4 individuals carrying MGS. The control group comprised 50 individuals considered ophthalmologically normal. The nonsense mutation p.R240X was found in the PAX6 gene, segregating with the affected members in family 1, what explains their phenotypes. This mutation is one of the most frequent nonsense mutations associated with the aniridia, however this is the first report on a PAX6 gene mutation familial case of aniridia in Brazil. Several described and non-described nucleotide variations were found, but additional studies are required to correlate them to the phenotype of affected individuals. Furthermore, the MLPA technique showed possible micro-deletions or mutations in exon 1 of RCN1 gene, located 5' to PAX6. This result was observed in both male children of families 1 and 3. Other possible micro-deletion or mutation was observed in exon 9 of ELP4 gene, which can be associated to 3' regulation of PAX6 gene. This study demonstrated that the involvement of other gene whose expressions may be altered during the development cannot be excluded for the etiology of aniridia and Morning Glory Syndrome. / Mestrado / Genetica Animal e Evolução / Mestre em Genética e Biologia Molecular

Christ has entrusted mysteries to his church which are essential for its life, teaching and mission and are to be explored in their meaning. One of it is “the glory of the Lord”. In a variety of ways the biblical testimony speaks of “the glory of the Lord”, which has revealed itself diversely and at all times. It has played a central role in God’s encounter with man in the Old and New covenant. God in his glory took his abode in the temple in order to establish worship. For this reason he let his glory become man in Jesus and let his glory live in man and in his church by his spirit up to its completion. The church has been called to the glory of God revealed in Christ. In spite of the broad biblical basis this term has played only a marginal role in many ecclesiologies until today. In present churches the glory of the Lord still remains an abstract term for many. It is not differentiated in any way or recognized in its meaning for the church. For this reason some of the most important ecclesiologies of the 20th century in German language are examined regarding the meaning and importance of the glory of the Lord. They are checked regarding its impact for ecclesiology and church-development. Its role will be compared with that in the bible. The conclusions are meant to be inspirations and impulses for ecclesiology and for church growth, for church life and community and for its mission in the world. / Christian Spirituality, Church History & Missiology / M. Th. (Systematic Theology)

Christ has entrusted mysteries to his church which are essential for its life, teaching and mission and are to be explored in their meaning. One of it is “the glory of the Lord”. In a variety of ways the biblical testimony speaks of “the glory of the Lord”, which has revealed itself diversely and at all times. It has played a central role in God’s encounter with man in the Old and New covenant. God in his glory took his abode in the temple in order to establish worship. For this reason he let his glory become man in Jesus and let his glory live in man and in his church by his spirit up to its completion. The church has been called to the glory of God revealed in Christ. In spite of the broad biblical basis this term has played only a marginal role in many ecclesiologies until today. In present churches the glory of the Lord still remains an abstract term for many. It is not differentiated in any way or recognized in its meaning for the church. For this reason some of the most important ecclesiologies of the 20th century in German language are examined regarding the meaning and importance of the glory of the Lord. They are checked regarding its impact for ecclesiology and church-development. Its role will be compared with that in the bible. The conclusions are meant to be inspirations and impulses for ecclesiology and for church growth, for church life and community and for its mission in the world. / Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Systematic Theology)

L’objet de notre thèse est l’unité de l’œuvre de Péguy selon Hans Urs von Balthasar. Balthasar est le premier commentateur qui a tenté de relire tout l’itinéraire du poète à la lumière du petit autoportrait que le poète a laissé dans Un nouveau théologien. M. Fernand Laudet : « c’est par un approfondissement constant de notre cœur… que nous avons retrouvé la voie de chrétienté. » En prenant ce mot de « cœur » dans les différentes acceptions que l’écrivain lui a données, Balthasar a été capable de rassembler l’œuvre de Péguy de façon organique en une voûte qui a les Mystères pour clé. À la lumière des plus profondes intentions du cœur du jeune Péguy, Balthasar peut éclairer non seulement le rejet d’un certain christianisme augustinien et la décision de se placer résolument au cœur du socialisme, mais encore le retour progressif au catholicisme. En retrouvant la foi, Péguy entame cependant un approfondissement ultérieur : il médite le mystère même du cœur chrétien et pénètre enfin le cœur du Père. Notre travail a voulu présenter une lecture très originale de l’itinéraire de Péguy. La pertinence de cette lecture est prouvée, entre autres choses, par sa capacité à intégrer les plus grandes interprétations de Péguy qui l’ont précédée et même suivie. / The theme of the present dissertation is the unity of the work of Charles Péguy in the interpretation of Hans Urs von Balthasar. Balthasar is the first commentator who has attempted to re-read the whole trajectory of Péguy’s life and work in light of the brief self-portrait that the poet offers us in Un nouveau théologien. M. Fernand Laudet. “It was,” Péguy writes there, “a constant deepening of our heart . . . that lead us to discover the path of Christendom.” Meditating on the various meanings of the word “heart” in the poet’s thought, Balthasar is able to show his work rising into an organic edifice with the Mysteries as its keystone. He shows how not only Péguy’s repudiation of an Augustinian Christianity and his resolute embrace of the heart of socialism, but his eventual return to Catholicism make sense only in light of what were from the very beginning his heart’s deepest intentions. But Péguy’s rediscovery of faith meant also the entry into a new deepening of the heart: the contemplation of the mystery of the Christian heart and at last of the Father’s heart. This dissertation seeks to present Balthasar’s original reading of Péguy’s trajectory and, at the same time, to show its fecundity, which is demonstrated by, among other things, its capacity to integrate the major readings of Péguy produced both before and after Balthasar’s own work on the poet.

Thesis advisor: John Michalczyk / Stanley Kubrick explored and subverted the concept of American Myth throughout his filmography. American Myth may include the notion of social mobility (the American Dream), the archetypal gunslinger of the American West, the righteousness of a democratic system, a belief in social egalitarianism, and explicit foreign policies such as the Monroe Doctrine and the idea of Manifest Destiny. Kubrick’s Paths of Glory is an indictment of modern war and the commoditization of human lives. Dr. Strangelove demonstrates a uniquely American obsession with technology, proving innovation is not always progress. Finally, with Full Metal Jacket, Kubrick shows Vietnam has supplanted the West as America’s frontier, complete with gunplay between cowboys and native inhabitants. / Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: College Honors Program. / Discipline: Film Studies.

Nos sistemas de colheita mecanizada de cana-de-açúcar é depositada sobre o solo camada de palha, em quantidades que variam de 5 a 20 ton ha-1, e ocasionam mudanças na flora infestante, adaptadas às essas condições. A aplicação de herbicidas residuais sobre a palha de cana-de-açúcar gera dúvidas, pois as informações sobre a maioria dos produtos recomendados são escassas, no que diz respeito à retenção/transposição dos mesmos. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a dinâmica dos herbicidas diuron, metribuzin e tebuthiuron, quando aplicados na cultura da cana-de-açúcar, sobre a palha, através de ensaios de sorção e dessorção, e também quando aplicados sobre diferentes quantidades de palha e condições de chuva simulada. A interação entre dose e quantidade de palha de cana-de-açúcar no controle da planta daninha Ipomoea grandifolia, foi estudada através de curvas de dose-resposta, utilizando seis doses (0, ¼ D, ½ D, D (dose recomendada), 2D, 4D) em quatro quantidades de palha (0, 5, 10 e 15 ton ha- 1). Para os estudos de sorção e dessorção utilizou-se produtos radiomarcados e cinco concentrações iniciais de diuron e metribuzin. A contagem da radioatividade foi obtida através espectrometria de cintilação líquida, e a quantidade da substância teste sorvida foi determinada pela diferença entre a concentração inicial e a concentração de equilíbrio. Foram realizados dois estudos independentes, em que a dessorção ocorreu 24 horas e sete dias após a sorção. No estudo de dinâmica em diferentes regimes hídricos foram testados seis níveis para o fator chuva simulada (Testemunha, 0, 5, 10, 20 e 20+20 mm), três herbicidas (diuron, metribuzin e tebuthiuron) e duas quantidades de palha (0 e 10 ton ha-1), com quatro repetições. Foram utilizadas as doses comerciais para diuron (2.000 g i.a. ha-1), metribuzin (1.920 g i.a. ha-1) e tebuthiuron (1.200 g i.a. ha-1). Nos estudos de interação entre dose e quantidade de palha verificou-se que a dose dos herbicidas necessárias para um controle eficaz de I. grandifolia varia significativamente com a quantidade de palha sobre o solo, principalmente nas quantidades de 10 a 15 ton ha-1. No processo de sorção, o herbicida diuron foi mais retido pela palha quando comparado ao metribuzin, sendo fracamente sorvidos à palha. Sete dias não foi suficiente para tornar o processo de sorção de diuron e metribuzin irreversível. No estudo de dinâmica dos herbicidas, a palha afetou de maneira significativa o controle de plantas daninhas pelos herbicidas na ausência de chuva simulada, sendo que uma chuva simulada de 20 mm foi suficiente para promover lixiviação de todos os herbicidas para o solo, e promover excelentes níveis de controle das plantas daninhas. / In the system of mechanized sugarcane harvest it is deposited on the soil surface a straw layer, which varies from 5 to 20 ton ha-1, and causes changes in weed, selecting the weeds better adapted to these conditions. The use of residual herbicides on the straw of sugarcane generates doubts, because much of the information about the recommended products are scarce, regarding to the retention/transferring. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of diuron, tebuthiuron and metribuzin when applied on sugarcane, and straw through sorption and desorption tests and as well as when applied to different quantities of straw and conditions of simulated rain. The interaction between herbicide dose and amount of sugarcane straw on the control of the weed Ipomoea grandifolia was performed using dose-response curves with six doses (0, ¼ D, ½ D, D (recommended dose), 2D , 4D) in four amounts of straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 ton ha-1). . For the studies of sorption and desorption it was used radiolabeled products and five initial concentrations of diuron and metribuzin. The counting of radioactivity was obtained by liquid scintillation spectrometry, and the amount of sorbed test substance was determined by the difference between the initial concentration and the equilibrium concentration. It was performed two independent studies in which the desorption occurred 24 h and seven days after the sorption. In the study of dynamic in different water regimes it was tested six levels of simulated rain factor (control, 0, 5, 10, 20 and 20 +20 mm), three herbicides (diuron, tebuthiuron and metribuzin), and two amounts of straw (0 and 10 ton ha-1), with four replications. The commercial rates were diuron (2.000 g i.a. ha-1), metribuzin (1.920 g i.a. ha-1) and tebuthiuron (1.200 g i.a. ha-1). It was evaluated the visual control of Ipomoea grandifolia and Cucumis sativus. The study of interaction between dose and amount of straw showed that the dose of herbicide required for effective control of I. grandifolia varies significantly with the amount of straw on the soil, especially in amounts between 10 and 15 ton ha-1. In the sorption process, the herbicide diuron is retained more as compared to metribuzin, and weakly sorbed to the straw. Seven days were not enough to make the process of sorption of metribuzin and diuron irreversible. In the study of herbicide dynamic, the straw significantly affected the weed control by herbicides in the absence of rain, and a rain of 20 mm was sufficient to promote all herbicides leaching into the soil, and promote excellent levels of weed control.

Nos sistemas de colheita mecanizada de cana-de-açúcar é depositada sobre o solo camada de palha, em quantidades que variam de 5 a 20 ton ha-1, e ocasionam mudanças na flora infestante, adaptadas às essas condições. A aplicação de herbicidas residuais sobre a palha de cana-de-açúcar gera dúvidas, pois as informações sobre a maioria dos produtos recomendados são escassas, no que diz respeito à retenção/transposição dos mesmos. A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a dinâmica dos herbicidas diuron, metribuzin e tebuthiuron, quando aplicados na cultura da cana-de-açúcar, sobre a palha, através de ensaios de sorção e dessorção, e também quando aplicados sobre diferentes quantidades de palha e condições de chuva simulada. A interação entre dose e quantidade de palha de cana-de-açúcar no controle da planta daninha Ipomoea grandifolia, foi estudada através de curvas de dose-resposta, utilizando seis doses (0, ¼ D, ½ D, D (dose recomendada), 2D, 4D) em quatro quantidades de palha (0, 5, 10 e 15 ton ha- 1). Para os estudos de sorção e dessorção utilizou-se produtos radiomarcados e cinco concentrações iniciais de diuron e metribuzin. A contagem da radioatividade foi obtida através espectrometria de cintilação líquida, e a quantidade da substância teste sorvida foi determinada pela diferença entre a concentração inicial e a concentração de equilíbrio. Foram realizados dois estudos independentes, em que a dessorção ocorreu 24 horas e sete dias após a sorção. No estudo de dinâmica em diferentes regimes hídricos foram testados seis níveis para o fator chuva simulada (Testemunha, 0, 5, 10, 20 e 20+20 mm), três herbicidas (diuron, metribuzin e tebuthiuron) e duas quantidades de palha (0 e 10 ton ha-1), com quatro repetições. Foram utilizadas as doses comerciais para diuron (2.000 g i.a. ha-1), metribuzin (1.920 g i.a. ha-1) e tebuthiuron (1.200 g i.a. ha-1). Nos estudos de interação entre dose e quantidade de palha verificou-se que a dose dos herbicidas necessárias para um controle eficaz de I. grandifolia varia significativamente com a quantidade de palha sobre o solo, principalmente nas quantidades de 10 a 15 ton ha-1. No processo de sorção, o herbicida diuron foi mais retido pela palha quando comparado ao metribuzin, sendo fracamente sorvidos à palha. Sete dias não foi suficiente para tornar o processo de sorção de diuron e metribuzin irreversível. No estudo de dinâmica dos herbicidas, a palha afetou de maneira significativa o controle de plantas daninhas pelos herbicidas na ausência de chuva simulada, sendo que uma chuva simulada de 20 mm foi suficiente para promover lixiviação de todos os herbicidas para o solo, e promover excelentes níveis de controle das plantas daninhas. / In the system of mechanized sugarcane harvest it is deposited on the soil surface a straw layer, which varies from 5 to 20 ton ha-1, and causes changes in weed, selecting the weeds better adapted to these conditions. The use of residual herbicides on the straw of sugarcane generates doubts, because much of the information about the recommended products are scarce, regarding to the retention/transferring. This study aimed to evaluate the dynamics of diuron, tebuthiuron and metribuzin when applied on sugarcane, and straw through sorption and desorption tests and as well as when applied to different quantities of straw and conditions of simulated rain. The interaction between herbicide dose and amount of sugarcane straw on the control of the weed Ipomoea grandifolia was performed using dose-response curves with six doses (0, ¼ D, ½ D, D (recommended dose), 2D , 4D) in four amounts of straw (0, 5, 10 and 15 ton ha-1). . For the studies of sorption and desorption it was used radiolabeled products and five initial concentrations of diuron and metribuzin. The counting of radioactivity was obtained by liquid scintillation spectrometry, and the amount of sorbed test substance was determined by the difference between the initial concentration and the equilibrium concentration. It was performed two independent studies in which the desorption occurred 24 h and seven days after the sorption. In the study of dynamic in different water regimes it was tested six levels of simulated rain factor (control, 0, 5, 10, 20 and 20 +20 mm), three herbicides (diuron, tebuthiuron and metribuzin), and two amounts of straw (0 and 10 ton ha-1), with four replications. The commercial rates were diuron (2.000 g i.a. ha-1), metribuzin (1.920 g i.a. ha-1) and tebuthiuron (1.200 g i.a. ha-1). It was evaluated the visual control of Ipomoea grandifolia and Cucumis sativus. The study of interaction between dose and amount of straw showed that the dose of herbicide required for effective control of I. grandifolia varies significantly with the amount of straw on the soil, especially in amounts between 10 and 15 ton ha-1. In the sorption process, the herbicide diuron is retained more as compared to metribuzin, and weakly sorbed to the straw. Seven days were not enough to make the process of sorption of metribuzin and diuron irreversible. In the study of herbicide dynamic, the straw significantly affected the weed control by herbicides in the absence of rain, and a rain of 20 mm was sufficient to promote all herbicides leaching into the soil, and promote excellent levels of weed control.

Excerpt: Despite the great success of the Civil War epic Glory, the story of the black troops during and after the War is not well known. This lack of exposure to popular familiarity is especially true of the Buffalo Soldiers who served on the frontier in the late 19th century, chiefly but not exclusively in the Indian Wars.

Thesis (M.A. (Sociology)) - Rhodes University, 2009.