På senare år har etableringen av 3D-applikationer på internet, för att visualisera geografiska områden och platser blivit allt vanligare. Exempel på sådana applikationer är tjänsterna Google Earth och Street View, som levereras av företaget Google. Den snabba utvecklingen av 3D-tjänsterna har medfört bättre bildupplösning och mer detaljerade satellitbilder. Detta har i sin tur fört med sig att integritets- och säkerhetsrelaterade frågeställningar relaterade till 3D-applikationerna har aktualiserats. Från flera håll i världen har Google stött på ifrågasättanden och protester. Skäl som påtalats i dessa sammanhang är bland annat integritetskränkande aspekter samt försvars- och säkerhetsrisker.Syftet med detta arbete är att undersöka de säkerhetsrisker som kan komma att uppstå i takt med att Google kontinuerligt etablerar sina 3D-tjänster i Sverige. Undersökningen görs för att få en helhetsbild över hur svenska företag och myndigheter upplever Googles tjänster samt den lagstiftning som är förknippad med dessa. Undersökningen, som utförts i enkätform, har riktats in på svenska företag och myndigheter samt ambassader belägna i Sverige, som bedöms vara en potentiell måltavla för terroristbrott alternativt grova rån.Undersökningen visar att svenska företag och myndigheter har en god kännedom om Google och dess 3D-tjänster. Det framgår även att en stor majoritet av de tillfrågade företagen och myndigheterna identifierat säkerhetsrisker förknippade med webbtjänsterna. Uppfattningen är att säkerhetsriskerna kommer att aktualiseras allt mer i framtiden. Detta eftersom teknikutvecklingen leder till allt mer detaljerade bilder och eftersom de nationella lagstiftningarna får allt svårare att hänga med när det gäller att förebygga säkerhetsrisker. / In recent years, the establishment of 3D-applications on the internet, in order to show geographic areas and places, has become more common. Examples of such applications are the web services Google Earth and Street View, supplied by the company Google. The rapid development of the 3D-sevices has resulted in better image resolution and more detailed satellite photos. This in turn has led to that privacy and security related to the 3D-services has been actualized. From several parts of the world, Google has faced contestations and protests. Reasons alleged in these cases are among others integrity aspects as well as defense and security reasons.The aim of this work is to examine the security related matters that can occur during Google´s continuous establishment of its 3D-sevices in Sweden. The examine is done to get an overall picture over how Swedish companies and government agencies consider Google´s services and the law associated with these. The examine has been done through a written questionaries’ that has been sent to Swedish companies and government agencies and embassies located in Sweden, that have been considered to be a potential target of terrorist crime or severe robberies.The examine show that Swedish companies and government agencies have good knowledge of Google and their 3D-services. A great majority of the respondents have identified security risks associated with the Google 3D-applications. The general view is that the technology development that lead to more and more detailed photo technology will lead to a greater actualization of the security related matters in the future. Also the fact that the difficulties to adjust the national laws in order to prevent the problems considers being a reason that will be actualized more in the future.

Airborne imaging platforms have been applied to such diverse areas as surveillance, natural disaster monitoring, cartography and environmental research. However, airborne imaging data can be expensive, out of date, or difficult to interpret. This work introduces an Orthorectified Airborne Imaging (OAI) system designed to provide near real time images in Google Earth. The OAI system consists of a six camera airborne image collection system and a ground based image processing system. Images and position data are transmitted from the air to the ground station using a point to point (PTP) data link antenna connection. Upon reaching the ground station, image processing software combines the six individual images into a larger stitched image. Stitched images are processed to remove distortions and then rotated so that north is pointed up (orthorectified). Because the OAI images are very large, they must be broken down into a series of progressively higher resolution tiles called an image pyramid before being loaded into Google Earth. A KML programming technique called a super overlay is used to load the image pyramid into Google Earth. A program and Graphical User Interface created in C# create the KML super overlay files according to user specifications. Image resolution and the location of the area being imaged relitive to the aircraft are functions of altitude and the position of the imaging cameras. Placement of OAI images in Google Earth allows the user to take advantage of the place markers, street names, and navigation features native to the Google Earth environment.

På Storängen i Söderköping bygger Bygg GG i Norrköping i samarbete med G Gunnarsons Fastighets AB ett hus innehållande 14 ägarlägenheter. Då försäljningen av lägenheterna startade innan huset var färdigt bestod den största delen av säljunderlaget av ritningar och skisser. Syftet med examensarbetet var att utföra en visualisering av det blivande husets yttre i form av en digital 3d-modell samt att visa hur några av de blivande lägenheterna skulle komma att se ut. Då många av lägenheterna i huset liknar varandra togs beslutet att visualisera tre av husets lägenheter. Rapporten beskriver hur arbetet med att ta fram visualiseringen genomförts. Den ger även en inblick i visualiseringsprocessen samt de programvaror som använts för projektet. Projektet kan delas in i två delar. En exteriör del och en interiör del. I den exteriöra delen byggdes en 3d-modell av huset i 3d-programmet Google SketchUp som är ett lättanvänt program för att skapa digitala skisser och 3d-modeller. Modellen som kopplades samman med programmet Google Earth som är en ”digital jordglob” visar hur husets yttre skulle komma att se ut. Till den interiöra delen, som var projektets huvuddel byggdes en ny modell i samma program som den tidigare modellen. Modellen exporterades till 3d-programmet Autodesk 3ds Max där texturering, ljussättning och rendering för tre av de fjorton lägenheterna i huset genomfördes. 3ds Max som är ett mer avancerat program än SketchUp, ger användaren möjligheten att göra verklighetstrogna visualiseringar. Från 3ds Max renderades totalt 36 olika bilder fram från de tre lägenheterna. Ett urval av bilderna användes senare som säljunderlag för lägenheterna.

<p>We are facing a period that coming into information time, which forced us to live in a new living style. It seems that every business movement is related with information transformation. When computers are used to deal with business data, we begin to search a way to make digital data into refined format information in order to let people to understand. This change results in a changing of business forms. For example, e-services refer to provide a certain service or play function on line, which has the tendency to replace the place of traditional service. How this kind of service can be developed remains a question mark to us.</p><p>The challenge of e-service is how to get different functions into integration. This thesis begins to research it focusing the point view of GIS (Geography Information System). Take Google earth as an example to illustrate how GIS is being used and what possible future uses of it can be developed. By exploring its use in data collecting, and analyzing, the possible applications in business world can be obviously released.</p>

Lärare idag lever och verkar i ett samhälle där utvecklingen inom informationsteknologin går allt snabbare. Allt fler skolor får bredbandsanslutningar som möjliggör att strömma ned filmer och annat material från internet. Men det är inte enbart inom den tekniska utvecklingen som det sker förändringar. Länder ändrar gränser eller faller isär till nya, och i många svenska klassrum hänger det kartor som är förlegade sedan länge. Det finns därför stora möjligheter att inom detta område kombinera informationsteknologi och geografi till en helhet. Istället för kartor med felaktig information i klassrummet finns nu tillgång till nya, uppdaterade kartor via internet. Frågeställningen var hur användningen av informationsteknologi används som stöd i geografiundervisningen på svenska skolor.För att undersöka detta användes en kvantitativ studie i form av en enkätundersökning. Inbjudningar skickades ut till ett antal lärare runt om i Sverige, eleverna tillfrågades senare även via ett internetforum för att öka svarsfrekvensen ytterligare en del. Enkäten bestod av ett antal frågor, en för lärare och en liknande för elever. Det visade sig att både lärare och elever svarade mycket snarlikt på frågorna. Trots att svarsfrekvensen var oacceptabelt låg med sina 22 %, har resultaten ändå en bra validitet då respondenterna är spridda över flera orter. För att öka reliabiliteten hade det varit bäst att kombinera den kvantitativa med en mer kvalitativ undersökning, som till exempel intervjuer. Det resultatet från denna studie visar på är att både lärare och elever har en god kännedom om olika gratis programvaror, där samtliga berör geografiämnet. Bägge grupper tror dessutom i olika grad på en förbättring av både undervisningen och lärandesituationen om mer informationsteknologi användes. Eleverna var i båda fallen mer positivt inställda till detta än lärarna.

Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro Tecnológico, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil, Florianópolis, 2009 / Made available in DSpace on 2012-10-24T10:08:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 276060.pdf: 3367862 bytes, checksum: 502d9a0aa3d9d4e05e43268da8a75f1b (MD5) / Objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade posicional e geométrica das imagens de alta resolução disponibilizadas pelo Google Earth, utilizando como referência um mapeamento em escala 1/2.000 do município de Barbacena-MG. Em seguida, verificou-se a possibilidade da utilização das imagens do Google Earth como fontes de dados para a produção de mapas, definindo, nesse caso, seus tipos e a resolução versus escala, apontando fatores limitantes e excludentes no uso dessas imagens para fins de mapeamento. Os testes realizados demonstraram eficiência ao ilustrarem numericamente a realidade geométrica e posicional da imagem avaliada presente no banco de dados do Google Earth. A partir das análises, foi elaborada uma proposta metodológica contendo procedimentos e recomendações para a utilização consciente e responsável das imagens do Google Earth, além de considerações a respeito de suas limitações. / The objective of this Thesis was evaluate the positional and geometric quality of high-resolution images provided by Google Earth system, using as reference a cadastral mapping 1/2000 scale from the city of Barbacena, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. Afterwards, it was verified the possibility of using images from Google Earth as data sources for maps production, in this case, defining their types and the resolution versus scale, indicating the limiting and excluding factors of using these images for mapping. The tests conducted in this research proved to be efficient by illustrating numerically the geometric and positioning reality of the reviewed image located in Google Earth#s database. From the analysis on, methodological procedures had been organized containing recommendations for responsible and aware use of Google Earth#s images, beyond some considerations about its deficiencies.

A thematic unit on immigration and migration in the United States provided a useful scaffold for engaging all students, including elementary English learners, in academic language learning.

In the past twenty years, our world has experienced a number of disasters, ranging from hurricanes to acts of terrorism. While both natural and anthropogenic disasters are inevitable, being able to simulate their progression and impact can provide guidance for preemptive measures to mitigate casualties and property damage. Specifically, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations can be used to simulate wind forces associated with hurricanes or pressure waves associated with explosions. However, even a simple CFD simulation is time consuming and requires highly-specialized expertise. This paper aims to reduce the processing time by utilizing readily available geometry models, and a surface wrapping algorithm that allows for fast and seamless way of repairing geometry. Both of these processes are automated which also reduces the amount of training in various software packages.

Recent discoveries about pre-Columbian societies in the Amazon have revolutionized the way researchers think about the environment, and the degree of interaction that humans have with their surroundings. New evidence indicates that ancient Amazonian populations were not only much larger and more complex than previously thought, but they were also modifying their environment and creating artificial landscapes. Although information about pre-Columbian cultures can be gained from archaeological excavations and historical accounts, the advent of new technology allows archaeologists to conduct research remotely. Earthworks were constructed by pre-Hispanic peoples to create higher ground for occupation and agriculture, as an adaptation to the annual flooding of the Llanos de Mojos in the Bolivian Amazon. Over the centuries, patches of forest have grown on these earthworks due to their higher elevation and drier soils. By mapping these 'forest islands' using the satellite imagery from Google Earth and transferring the data into Quantum GIS, spatial patterns between the geographical features have been analyzed to reveal relationships between pre-Columbian earthworks, natural and artificial landscape features, and settlement patterns. This research supports theories of large and complex pre-Columbian populations in the Bolivian Amazon. Patterns between the different size, shape, and location of forest islands show a correlation between specific types of forest islands and water sources, which indicates that pre-Columbian societies were constructing earthworks based on function and distance to water.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:15:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Thiago Souza Vale.pdf: 3481122 bytes, checksum: 3870ff16b1d0a8120dd5019f7b9aec9b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-11 / Secretaria da Educação do Estado de São Paulo / This thesis discusses the use of Google Earth as methodological procedure in the teaching and learning of geographical education to the students of Escola Estadual Caetano de Campo, held in the 1st half of 2013. The popularization and dissemination of geographical information targeted to the geographical information are increasingly present in brazilian public schools, and demand more skills of both teachers and students consequently. Therefore, the objectives of this research are articulated to the computer role, through the mosaic of satellite images of different landscapes at various scales and temporalities presented in the Google Earth software, as a teaching media resource in the learning of geography. This research shows the experimental-inductive methodological procedure being evaluated quantitatively and qualitatively. The content used for this experimental were: Cartography, Europe and Globalization according to the curriculum proposal of the São Paulo State. The results presented that the students challenged themselves to study new technologies, improving performance in activities and events, however they had difficulties in procedural actions inherent geographical reasoning, such as orientation and localization of the geographical phenomenas. These difficulties are the fact of students do not initially dominate the software language and academic needs undelveloped throughtout their basic training. Then, we consider that the use of Google Earth, as a didacting resource, in fact enhances the teaching and learning, and further reaserches should be required to investigate and propose adaptations of the software to be used as a teaching resource applied to geography education / A presente dissertação discute o uso do Google Earth como procedimento metodológico no processo de ensino e aprendizagem da educação geográfica com os alunos do Ensino Fundamental II da Escola Estadual Caetano de Campo, sendo realizada no 1º semestre de 2013. A popularização e difusão de softwares que abordam informações geográficas são realidades cada vez mais presentes nas escolas públicas brasileiras, e consequentemente demandam novas habilidades tanto dos docentes quanto dos alunos. Dessa maneira os objetivos dessa pesquisa estão articulados ao papel do computador, através do mosaico de imagens de satélites de diferentes paisagens em diversas escalas e temporalidades presentes no software Google Earth, como recurso didático-mediático no processo de ensino aprendizagem em geografia. Esta pesquisa apresenta procedimento metodológico experimental-indutivo sendo avaliada de forma quantitativa e qualitativa. Os conteúdos escolhidos para a realização deste experimento foram: Cartografia, Europa e Globalização estando de acordo com a proposta curricular do estado de São Paulo. Dessa forma os resultados demonstraram que os educandos se motivaram para o desafio de se estudar como novas tecnologias, melhorando o desempenho em atividades e provas, entretanto os alunos apresentaram dificuldades nas ações procedimentais inerentes ao raciocínio geográfico como a orientação e localização dos fenômenos geográficos. Estas dificuldades se devem ao fato dos alunos não dominarem inicialmente a linguagem do software e de carências acadêmicas não desenvolvidas ao longo de sua formação básica. Portanto consideramos que o uso do Google Earth como recurso didático, de fato potencializa o processo de ensino e aprendizagem, e que novos estudos devem ser feitos para investigar e propor adaptações desse software como recurso pedagógico aplicado a educação geográfica