Ce travail de thèse est consacré aux images murales de la vie terrestre de la Vierge, une séquence iconographique composée de l’histoire de la jeunesse de Marie et des épisodes de la vie du Christ auxquels la Vierge est associée, jusqu’à la Pentecôte. La recherche s’inscrit dans un cadre chronologique étendu, depuis le premier art chrétien jusqu’au concile de Trente. Elle repose sur une abondante documentation iconographique qui comporte plus de 2300 images, peintures et mosaïques murales, conservées en France et en Italie. La première partie du mémoire est consacrée à l’analyse quantitative de la documentation iconographique, selon un triple point de vue. Une analyse thématique permet de déterminer trois séquences chronologiques dans le déroulement de la vie terrestre de la Vierge, tout en précisant l’importance quantitative de chacun des thèmes iconographiques étudiés. Une analyse de la répartition géographique des différents sites de conservation répertoriés révèle des caractéristiques spatiales propres à chacun des territoires étudiés, en lien avec l’histoire locale. Enfin, une analyse chronologique permet d’intégrer les images murales recensées aux grandes phases de l’histoire de l’art, tout en mettant en lumière les décors les plus emblématiques. La seconde partie du mémoire est dédiée à l’enquête iconographique à proprement parler. En forme de préambule, les différentes sources textuelles utilisées dans le cadre de cette recherche sont présentées. Elles ont été regroupées en trois catégories : les sources canoniques, les évangiles apocryphes et les textes médiévaux. L’analyse iconographique des différents thèmes qui composent la vie terrestre de la Vierge s’organise autour des trois séquences qui ont été déterminées : les épisodes qui précèdent la naissance du Christ (jeunesse de Marie et Incarnation), ceux de l’Enfance de Jésus (de la Nativité à Jésus parmi les Docteurs) et ceux de l’âge adulte du Christ dans lesquels Marie joue un rôle (des Noces de Cana à la Pentecôte). Cette analyse a pour objectif de déterminer les éléments constitutifs des différents thèmes iconographiques étudiés, de mettre en place une typologie propre à chacun, en soulignant les constantes et les points de rupture. La mise en exergue des liens qui existent entre les images et les sources textuelles constitue également un enjeu prioritaire de cette recherche. Des questions transversales, relatives au développement d’une iconographie proprement mariale, aux processus de diffusion des images, à la perception de la figure mariale comme un modèle édifiant et à l’étude du rapport entre les images et les textes ou leur emplacement dans l’espace ecclésial sont présentées sous la forme de réflexions conclusives. En parallèle, une sélection d’images murales de la vie terrestre de la Vierge, choisies pour leur exemplarité par rapport à l’argumentation de l’analyse, est présentée sous la forme de trois catalogues correspondant aux séquences narratives déjà évoquées. Ils s’accompagnent d’une bibliographie sélective concernant les différents sites de conservation présentés dans chacun des catalogues. D’autres outils bibliographiques sont mis à disposition dans un volume d’annexes. Un répertoire thématique, récapitulant toutes les images murales qui appartiennent à la documentation iconographique de l’étude, est également fournit en annexe. / This thesis is devoted to wall images of the Virgin’s earthly life, an iconographic sequence composed of the young Mary’s history and episodes from Christ’s life which are related to the Virgin, until Pentecost. This research comes within the extended framework from the early Christian art to the Council of Trent. It is based on an abundant iconographic documentation which includes more than 2300 pictures, wall paintings and mosaics, preserved in France and Italy. The first part of the thesis is dedicated to the quantitative analysis of the iconographic documentation, according to a triple point of view. A thematic analysis identifies three phases in the chronological sequence of the Virgin’s earthly life, while specifying the quantitative importance of each of the studied iconographic themes. An analysis of the geographical distribution of different listed conservation sites reveals spatial characteristics which are specific to each territory studied, in connection with local history. Finally, a chronological analysis allows to integrate wall images from great phases of the art history, as well as to highlight the most emblematic decorations. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the iconographic investigation itself. As preamble, the various textual sources used in this research are presented. They are grouped into three categories : canonical sources, apocryphal gospels and medieval texts. The iconographic analysis of different themes about the Virgin’s earthly life are organized around three sequences : episodes preceding Christ’s birth (youth of Mary and Incarnation), those of Jesus’ Childhood (from the Nativity to Jesus among the Doctors) and those of adult Christ in which Mary plays a role (from Wedding at Cana to Pentecost). This analysis’ objective is to determine the different components of studied iconographic themes and to establish their specific typology, while stressing constants and breakpoints. The highlighting of the links between images and textual sources is also a priority of this research. Cross-cutting issues related to the development of Marian iconography itself, the process of images diffusion, the perception of the Marian figure as an edifying model and the study of the link between images and texts or their location in the ecclesial space are presented in the form of concluding reflections. In parallel, a selection of wall images of the Virgin’s earthly life, chosen according to the analysis arguments for their exemplary nature, is represented as three catalogues matching narrative sequences mentioned above. The selective bibliography on the various conservation sites is presented in each catalogue. Other bibliographic tools are provided in appendices volume. A thematic directory, listing all the wall images that belong to the iconographic documentation of the study, is also provided in appendix.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-29T14:27:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Antonio Carlos Ferreira.pdf: 2962525 bytes, checksum: 115434630234989a8886f14a518bbb6d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 / The purpose of this thesis is to perform a narrative reading of Mark 4.35-41, focusing on the character of the individuals in order to understand their behavior when facing a dangerous situation in the storm at sea they ask Jesus, Master, do you not care that we are perishing? When facing danger, the prevalent emotions are fear, despair and anxiety. Therefore, the exegetical study will be conducted using psychology, a science that studies human behavior and mental processes. Based on the theoretical principles of Bible study as literature, the goal of the present study is to perform an exegetical analysis of the biblical narrative in Mark. The miracle description includes all issues related found in manuals and biblical commentaries with their multivisions. It also includes a parenetic, coeval analysis of the text based on the sciences of human behavior aimed at updating and application in modern life. Therefore, the text exegesis sheds light on the history, the validity of the pericope and update for modern life based on psychology. It applies to the study in question the historical-critical method over the structuralist and fundamentalist / Esta tese busca realizar uma leitura da narrativa em Marcos 4,35-41. Postula centrar-se no caráter dos personagens querendo entender o comportamento dos mesmos diante da situação de perigo na tempestade no mar expressa na inquirição dirigida a Jesus: ―Mestre, não te importa que pereçamos?‖ Diante de um perigo, as emoções sobressalentes no humano são medo, ansiedade e desespero. Por isso, o estudo exegético será realizado em diálogo com a psicologia, ciência que estuda o comportamento humano e os processos mentais. Tendo como base os pressupostos teóricos de estudo da Bíblia, enquanto literatura, este trabalho realiza análise exegética da narrativa bíblica em Marcos. Reúne em torno da narrativa de milagre todas as questões relativas ao tema que se encontram em manuais e comentários bíblicos com suas multivisões. Realiza ação parenética coeva do texto em diálogo com as ciências do comportamento humano visando atualização e aplicação na vida hodierna. Deste modo, a exegese do texto em questão, lança luz sobre a historicidade, a validade da perícope e atualização para a vida hodierna com corte psicológico. Aplicou-se ao estudo em questão o método histórico-crítico em detrimento ao estruturalista e ao fundamentalista

La Maríu saga est une saga hagiographique anonyme d’origine monastique faisant le récit de la vie de Marie, de sa conception à son Assomption, rédigée en langue vernaculaire et composée entre le dernier tiers du XIIIe siècle et la seconde moitié du XIVe siècle en Islande. Assortie d’une traduction inédite du texte, la présente étude se propose comme une nouvelle approche de la Maríu saga que nous inscrivons dans la longue tradition littéraire et théologique des Vies de la Vierge, des biographies homilétiques mariales tributaires des évangiles apocryphes composées par des moines et théologiens du VIIe au Xe siècle dans l’Empire Byzantin, et que nous situons dans le contexte littéraire et culturel européen médiéval afin de mettre en lumière les enjeux poétiques et doctrinaux que soulève l’acte d’écrire et de réécrire la vie de la Vierge en Islande au Moyen Âge. Pour ce faire, nous envisageons l’œuvre de différents points de vue, d’abord de l’histoire de la réception des textes bibliques et parabibliques, ensuite contextuel et philologique, puis littéraire et enfin théologique. Nous nous employons à montrer à travers son étude poétique et doctrinale que, à l’exemple des vies de Marie médiévales ecclésiastiques, la Maríu saga manifeste des spécificités propres au foyer culturel de son époque : medium entre la littérature et la théologie, l’œuvre est un texte hagiographique narratif qui présente le double intérêt d’être à la fois un témoin de la pratique de la réécriture hagiographique en langue vernaculaire et le reflet du développement dogmatique et de l’évolution de la réflexion théologique sur Marie, et de fait sur le Christ, en Islande médiévale. / Maríu saga is an anonymous hagiographic saga relating the story of Mary’s life, from her Conception to her Assumption, written in the vernacular and composed in the monastic milieu between the last third of the thirteenth century and the second half of the fourteenth century in Iceland. Coupled with an unprecedented translation of the text, this dissertation offers a new approach to Maríu saga that I situate within the long literary and theological tradition of the Lives of the Virgin – these Marian biographic homilies which draw on apocryphal gospels were composed by monks and theologians from the seventh to the tenth century in the Byzantine Empire –, and that I put into the European medieval literary and cultural context in order to examine the literary and doctrinal issues raised by the act of writing and rewriting the life of the Virgin in Iceland in the Middle Ages. I successively consider Maríu saga from different perspectives: in a first part, from the history of the reception of biblical and parabiblical texts; in a second part, from an historical and a philological aspect; in a third part, from a literary point of view; and in a fourth part, from a theological angle. My aim is to demonstrate through the study of its poetics and its doctrine that, like the medieval ecclesiastical lives of Mary, Maríu saga bears specific features of its cultural area of its time: medium between literature and theology, this work is a narrative hagiographic text that presents the double interest of being the witness both to the practice of hagiographic rewriting in the vernacular and to the doctrinal development and the evolution of the theological reflection on Mary, and in fact on Christ, in medieval Iceland.

Anyone familiar with the Rastafari movement and its connection with the Bible is struck by the prevalence of I-locution found in them both. Because the phenomenon is important in the canonical Testaments, more so the New, this study seeks to investigate its significance in certain epistolary pieces (Romans 7 :14-25 ; 15 :14-33), the bio-Narratives and the Apocalypse, in their historical and cultural milieu. The next stage of the investigation then compares the findings of the aforementioned New Testament books with corresponding statements of the Rasta community to determine their relevance for the ongoing Anglophone theological discussion. In this connection, the following questions are addressed: (1) what are the inter-textual link(s) and function(s) of the `I' statements in Romans? (2) How do they relate to similar dominical sayings? And (3) can any parallel be established between the language of Rastafari and these? In sum, the study seeks to bring into critical dialogue the permutative `I' of the NT with the self-understanding of Rastafari. / NEW TESTAMENT / DTH (NEW TESTAMENT)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:19:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Filipe de Oliveira2.pdf: 2235436 bytes, checksum: 54d99448b518032678d03665d849c1d2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-04-17 / Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo / Until the fourth century AD, was common among Christians, to read the book of I Enoch. The embryo of rejection began in the second century, with Julius Africanus, and reached its peak in the fourth century with Augustine of Hippo. However, the official position, in Western Christianity, which rejected the writing of I Enoch as a useful literature to faith, happened at the Council of Laodicea (century IV) who said that the only names of angels authorized by the Scriptures would be the Miguel, Gabriel and Raphael. this position deleted the book of Enoch (book that makes reference to several names of angels) from the books useful for theological research, until recent times in the West. The great character of Christianity was a man recognized in Palestinian as Rabbi. This title presupposes knowledge of the main literature enjoyed by the Jews. The consensus among most of the Second Temple scholars, is that the writing of I Enoch occupied a distinct place in the literary scene of that time. This thesis was born from a plausible suspicion, which is embedded within the cultural context of the I century AD, that Jesus knew the Book of I Enoch. But not only that, distrust develops in the possibility that he has studied the writing and he built teachings based on that text. The research had as general objective: Find the relationship between Jesus of Nazareth and the Written I Enoch. With regard to its technical procedures, research is bibliographic, exploratory and documentary. For this research to gain form, we used the historiographical proposal of the Historical Jesus, and have developed a methodology called Analysis of the Sayings of Jesus (ASJ), for use in the investigation of sayings attributed to Jesus contained in the Gospels. The first chapter, besides being a book review of I Enoch addressing the book on various perspectives, was built aiming to bring the Brazilian Academy the latest information on research related to I Enoch, in dialogue with the principal investigators of this literature. The second chapter was developed in order to examine by historiography, the potential of some words recorded in the Gospels in being originates from the person of Jesus. The third and last chapter presents an approach among words that were examined and the Book of I Enoch. The end result indicates that the literature of Enoch may have occupied a prominent place among the estimated written by Jesus Christ. / Até o século IV d.C. era comum, entre os cristãos, a leitura do livro pseudepígrafo de I Enoque. O embrião da rejeição começou no século II, com Júlio Africano, e atingiu o seu auge no século IV com Agostinho de Hipona. Porém, o posicionamento oficial, no cristianismo ocidental, que descredenciou o escrito de I Enoque como uma literatura útil à fé, deu-se no Concílio de Laodiceia (Séc. IV) que afirmou que os únicos nomes de anjos autorizados pelas Escrituras seriam o de Miguel, Gabriel e Rafael, afastando I Enoque (que cita vários nomes de anjos) do cenário teológico, até épocas recentes no Ocidente. O grande personagem do cristianismo foi um homem reconhecido na Palestina como Rabi, título que pressupunha o conhecimento das principais literaturas apreciadas pelos judeus. É consenso entre a maioria dos estudiosos do Segundo Templo que o escrito de I Enoque ocupava um lugar distinto no cenário literário daquela época. A presente tese nasceu de uma desconfiança plausível, inserida dentro do contexto cultural do I século da era cristã, de que Jesus Cristo conhecia o livro de I Enoque. Mas, não somente isso, a desconfiança evoluiu para a possibilidade de que ele tenha feito uso do escrito construindo ensinos embasados no mesmo. A pesquisa teve como objetivo geral: Pesquisar a relação entre Jesus de Nazaré e o Escrito de I Enoque. No que se refere aos seus procedimentos técnicos, a pesquisa é de natureza bibliográfica, exploratória e documental. Para que esta pesquisa ganhasse forma, fizemos uso da proposta historiográfica do Jesus Histórico, bem como desenvolvemos uma metodologia chamada Análise dos Ditos de Jesus (ADJ), para ser utilizada na investigação de ditos atribuídos a Jesus contidos nos evangelhos. O primeiro capítulo, além de ser uma análise do livro de I Enoque abordando o escrito sobre várias perspectivas, foi construído objetivando trazer à academia brasileira as informações mais recentes sobre as pesquisas relacionadas a I Enoque, em diálogo com os principais pesquisadores da obra. O segundo capítulo foi desenvolvido com vistas a examinarmos, pela historiografia, o potencial de alguns ditos, de serem originários da pessoa de Jesus. O terceiro e último capítulo apresenta uma aproximação entre os ditos trabalhados e o livro de I Enoque. O resultado final indica que a literatura enoqueana pode ter ocupado um lugar de destaque entre os escritos estimados por Jesus Cristo.

Nicolas de Vérone est un poète franco-italien du XIVe siècle, courtisan de Nicolas Ier d’Este, à qui il dédicace, en 1343, une de ses œuvres. Il a écrit 3 poèmes épiques de forme métrique identique mais d’inspirations profondément différentes : la Pharsale (3166 vers) raconte la guerre armée qui opposa César et Pompée en Thessalie pour la maîtrise de Rome, la Prise de Pampelune, ou Continuation de l’Entrée d’Espagne (6116 vers), est un récit qui se rattache à la tradition des aventures de Roland et de Charlemagne en Espagne avant la défaite de Roncevaux et la Passion (994 vers) narre les derniers jours de la vie du Christ.Ces 3 chansons de geste sont rédigées en franco-italien, cette langue hybride purement littéraire et probablement jamais parlée qui permet aux auteurs italiens d’adapter la geste et les héros français à un public aristocratique et bourgeois d’une Italie du Nord déjà pré-humaniste. Chacune puise son contenu à des sources clairement identifiées : les Fet des Romains, compilation française d’histoire ancienne du XIIe siècle, l’Entrée d’Espagne, épopée carolingienne d’un anonyme Padouan, la Chronique de Turpin et les Evangiles, auxquels il convient d’ajouter quelques légendes apocryphes largement répandues au Moyen Age.Les thématiques sont classiques et la lutte armée y occupe une place de choix mais le cadre des aventures narrées est singulièrement novateur en ce qu’il ne conserve aux différents éléments surnaturels de la tradition épique qu’une place minime et purement ornementale : le divin se réduit jusqu’à l’inconsistance et Dieu est un Dieu caché.Cela vient du fait que l’esprit de la chanson de geste est réinterprété à l’aune des conceptions pré-humanistes : le héros épique s’apparente désormais à un personnage romanesque et l’épaisseur psychologique qu’il gagne lui confère un statut nouveau d’homme placé au centre du monde. Le projet politique de Nicolas de Vérone est d’une étonnante modernité et prône une véritable démocratie, à l’image de la République romaine des libertés. Le sens moral de l’œuvre réserve à la prudence une place centrale en en faisant le fondement de toute action juste et droite.C’est que le sens philosophique des textes est lui-même tout à fait inédit : l’auteur concilie les vertus chrétiennes classiques et une sagesse néo-stoïcienne. Ainsi, l’humilité se fait ascèse et la mort héroïque du martyr de la foi s’apparente aux exemples des sages antiques. L’exigence de modération et la volonté de ne s’étonner de rien (nihil mirari) bien loin de la fortitudo épique, ainsi que le respect de sa nature apparaissent comme des impératifs nouveaux. Nicolas de Vérone ne nie pas la difficulté d’un tel idéal et réserve une place, à côté de la vertu absolue du sage, pour une sagesse domestique purement humaine et une parénétique. La morale s’est faite optative. / Nicolas of Verona was a 14th Century Franco-Italian poet, courtier to Nicolas Ist of Estonia, to whom, in 1343, he dedicated one of his works. He wrote 3 epic poems identical in their metrical form but each of profoundly different inspiration: La Pharsale (3166 verses) speaks of the military war between Caesar and Pompey of Thessaly for the control of Rome, la Prise de Pampelune, or Continuation de l’Entrée d’Espagne (6116 verses) is an account which relates to the traditional adventures of Roland and of Charlemagne of Spain prior to the defeat at Roncesvalles and the Passion (994 verses) narrates the last days of Christ.These 3 chansons de geste were written in Franco-Italian, a purely hybrid literary language which was probably never spoken but which enabled Italian authors to adapt la geste and French heroes for a already pre-humanist North Italian aristocratic and bourgeois audience. Each draws its content from clearly identifiable sources: The Fet des Romains, a French compilation of 12th Century ancient history, l’Entrée d’Espagne a Carolingian epic about an anonymous man from Padua, The Chronicles of Turpin and The Gospels to which it would be proper to add certain apocryphal captions commonly used in the middle ages.The set of themes are classical and the military struggle plays an important role but the setting of the adventures which are told is particularly innovative in that it only keeps a minimal and purely ornamental role for the supernatural elements of traditional epic: The divine is reduced to insubstantiality and God is a hidden God.This stems from the fact that the spirit of the chanson de geste was re-interpreted insofar as was possible in the pre-humanist conception. Henceforth the epic hero had similarities to storybook characters and the psychological depth he acquired conferred him a new status that of a man placed in the centre of the world. The political project of Nicolas of Verona was of an astonishing modernity and advocated a true democracy in the image of the freedom of the Roman Republic. The moral sense of the work reserves a central role for caution by making it the foundation of every fair and just action.The philosophical sense of the text is in itself totally original: the author reconciles classical Christian virtues and neo-stoic wisdom. Thus, humility becomes ascesism and the heroic death of the martyr for his faith is allied to that of an ancient sage. The demand for restraint and the determination to be surprised by nothing (nihil mirari), far from the epic fortitudo, as well as the respect for the nature of man appear as new imperatives. Nicolas of Verona doesn’t deny the difficulty of such an ideal and sets it along side that of the absolute virtue of the sage for purely human domestic wisdom and a parenetic. The moral is of the essence.

The thesis deals with the message of the resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth, which is crucial for Christianity and its relevant hermeneutical approach. In the first chapter we analyze the contemporary hermeneutical context of the message within the Hellenistic and Hebrew cultures. In the second chapter we present an analysis of pre-Pauline faith confessions, Paul's texts and synoptic Gospels focused on targeted formulating of the message for respective communities and their cultural background. The last chapter wants to present some contemporary relevant hermeneutical approaches to this message. One of them could be the so called mythmaking, which emphasizes the necessity of permanent updating of accepted opinions, messages and realities. We can observe the mythmaking process already with the New Testament authors and each and also our generation is expected to bring the message about the resurrection of Jesus of Nazareth to future generations in a relevant way. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)

This study is concerned with the need to investigate the Johannine idea of truth in the context of the Old Testament background, with the stated aim of showing how this conception of truth could still reach those outside the boundary of Judaism. This thesis needs to be set within the larger framework of revelation. The revelation of God in the Old Testament pointed to God's final and fullest revelation given in his Son. And because Jesus is indeed the truth, as he himself explicitly claimed, it necessarily follows that every portion of this revelation is true and reliable in every way. Moreover, because this revelation has been given, there is the need for those to serve as witnesses to it. These witnesses, both divine and human, are themselves revelation by virtue of their divine origin and their consequent inclusion as part of the overall New Testament witness to Jesus. Chapter one addresses those introductory matters relevant for understanding John's unique view of truth. There are two aspects to this view of truth as centered in Jesus: Jesus as the revelation of truth, and Jesus as the revealer of truth. Truth is the person and work of Jesus, and chapter two treats the first aspect in discussing eight ideas that explain this view of truth. The second aspect is the focus of chapter three. Because truth comes only from God, it must be revealed since human beings cannot understand it on their own. In order for this revelation to be received, witnesses are needed to testify to it. Hence, in John truth and revelation cannot be separated, and witnesses must testify to this revelation as the truth of God. Because Jesus is both the revealer and the revelation itself, he is therefore the preeminent witness precisely because his is a self-authenticating witness that receives the Father's affirmation. The last chapter applies this theological foundation using three ideas that are specifically connected with the word "truth": abiding, sanctification, and worship. Truth is more than intellectual acquirement; it is living one's life in love and service of God and others. / New Testament / D. Th (New Testament)

This study is concerned with the need to investigate the Johannine idea of truth in the context of the Old Testament background, with the stated aim of showing how this conception of truth could still reach those outside the boundary of Judaism. This thesis needs to be set within the larger framework of revelation. The revelation of God in the Old Testament pointed to God's final and fullest revelation given in his Son. And because Jesus is indeed the truth, as he himself explicitly claimed, it necessarily follows that every portion of this revelation is true and reliable in every way. Moreover, because this revelation has been given, there is the need for those to serve as witnesses to it. These witnesses, both divine and human, are themselves revelation by virtue of their divine origin and their consequent inclusion as part of the overall New Testament witness to Jesus. Chapter one addresses those introductory matters relevant for understanding John's unique view of truth. There are two aspects to this view of truth as centered in Jesus: Jesus as the revelation of truth, and Jesus as the revealer of truth. Truth is the person and work of Jesus, and chapter two treats the first aspect in discussing eight ideas that explain this view of truth. The second aspect is the focus of chapter three. Because truth comes only from God, it must be revealed since human beings cannot understand it on their own. In order for this revelation to be received, witnesses are needed to testify to it. Hence, in John truth and revelation cannot be separated, and witnesses must testify to this revelation as the truth of God. Because Jesus is both the revealer and the revelation itself, he is therefore the preeminent witness precisely because his is a self-authenticating witness that receives the Father's affirmation. The last chapter applies this theological foundation using three ideas that are specifically connected with the word "truth": abiding, sanctification, and worship. Truth is more than intellectual acquirement; it is living one's life in love and service of God and others. / New Testament / D. Th (New Testament)

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