Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características biológicas e taxa de predação de Orius insidiosus tendo como presa ninfas de terceiro/quarto estádio de Aphis gossypii sobre as variedades de algodoeiro transgênica NuOPAL (Bollgard I Evento 531) e convencional Buriti. Para avaliar a duração e a sobrevivência de cada estádio ninfal e as características reprodutivas de fêmeas e longevidade dos adultos foram individualizadas 60 ninfas recém-eclodidas em placas de Petri contendo um pedaço de algodão (aproximadamente 1 cm2) umedecido com água destilada, um pedaço de papel sulfite branco (0,5 cm2) para servir como refúgio e pulgões A. gossypii de terceiro/quarto instar como presas. Para estudar o comportamento de predação, fêmeas de O. insidiosus com idade entre 12-24h foram individualizadas em placas de Petri. Os testes foram conduzidos empregando-se as densidades de 2, 4, 8, 16 e 32 ninfas de A. gossypii para cada variedade de algodão. O período e a viabilidade ninfal de O. insidiosus foram semelhantes nas duas variedades. O número de ovos por fêmeas, viabilidade de ovos, longevidade de macho e fêmeas foram semelhantes nas duas variedades. O tempo de manipulação (h) e a taxa de ataque (h-1) foram respectivamente de 0,0697 (h) e 1, 1862 ( h-1) para a variedade Buriti e 0,0713 (h) e 0,3030 h-1 para NuOPAL. As variedades Buriti e NuOPAL não afetaram as características biológicas do período ninfal de O. insidiosus alimentado com A. gossypii porém prejudica significativamente o potencial reprodutivo do predador. Na variedade Buriti O. insidiosus apresenta maior taxa de ataque. O número médio de presas consumidas por O.insidisous é semelhante nas variedades Buriti e NuOPAL em 24 horas e nas maiores densidades. A. gossypii não é substrato ideal para O. insidiosus / Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the biological characteristics and predation rate of Orius insidiosus using third and fourth instar Aphis gossypii as prey on transgenic cotton variety NuOPAL (Bollgard I Event 531) and conventional variety Buriti. To evaluate the duration and survival of each nymphal stage and the reproductive characteristics of females and longevity of adults were individually newly hatched nymphs 60 in Petri dishes containing a piece of cotton (approximately 1 cm 2) moistened with distilled water, a piece of paper white bond (0.5 cm2) to serve as a refuge and aphids A. gossypii third / fourth instar as prey. To study the behavior of predatory, females of O. insidiosus aged between 12-24h were isolated in Petri dishes. The tests were conducted using the densities of 2, 4, 8, 16 and 32 nymphs of A. gossypii for each variety of cotton. The period and nymphal O. insidiosus were similar in both variety. The number of eggs per female, egg viability, longevity of males and females were similar in both varieties. The handling time (h) and attack rate (h-1) were respectively 0.0697 (h) and 1, 1862 (h-1) for a variety Buriti and 0.0713 (h) and 0.3030 (h-1) for NUOPAL. Variety Buriti and NuOPAL did not affect the biological characteristics of nymphal O. insidiosus fed A. gossypii but significantly affect the reproductive potential of predador. In the variety Buriti O. insidiosus has a higher attack rate. The type of functional response shown by females of the predator was type II in both varieties. The average number of prey consumed by O.insidisous is similar in varieties Buriti and NuOPAL in 24 hours and at higher densities. A. gossypii is not ideal substrate for O. insidiosus / Orientador: Sergio Antonio De Bortoli / Coorientador: Antonio Carlos Busoli / Banca: Ricardo Antonio Polanczyk / Banca: José Ednilson Miranda / Mestre

Resumo: O presente trabalho teve por objetivo estudar alguns aspectos comportamentaisde Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. SMITH)em variedades de algodoeiro. Emcasa-de-vegetação, determinou-se a densidade adequada de adultos por planta, a distribuiçãovertical de ovos, nas diferentes partes da planta, e a idade adequada das plantaspara infestação, visandoa realizaçãode estudos de resistênciae a melhoria das práticasde manejo de S. frugiperdaem algodoeiro.Emlaboratório,avaliou-sea atratividadee a não-preferência alimentar, com e sem chance de escolha, de lagartas recém-eclodidas por partes de plantas e por variedades de algodoeiro. O desenvolvimentobiológico do inseto foi também acompanhado confinando-se lagartas às diferentes variedades. Os resultados permitiram concluir que S. frugiperda tem preferênciapor ovipositar em plantas com 60 dias de idade, preferencialmente na face abaxialdas folhas, localizadas no terço superior das plantas. A densidade de 3 ou 4 casais de adultos por planta foi suficiente para a realização de testes de nãopreferência para oviposição. As variedades Coodetec 408, BRS Aroeira, BRS Araçá, BRS Ita 90 e DeltaPenta apresentaram resistência do tipo não-preferência para Qviposição.Afolha foi a parte da planta mais atrativa e preferida para alimentação por lagartas recém-eclodidas. Em condições de livre escolha, Coodetec 410 foi a mais atrativacomparativamente à Acala 90, FiberMax 966 e DeltaPenta. As lagartas demonstraram maior preferência para alimentação por BRS Araçá em relação à BRS Cedro,BRS Ita 90, DeltaPenta, Coodetec 408 e BRS Aroeira. 46 minutos foi o tempo maisadequadopara avaliação da atratividadede plantas a lagartas recém-eclodidasde S. frugiperda.As variedades BRS Cedro, DeltaPenta e Acala 90 expressaram elevado nívelde antibiose sobre as lagartas. As variedades BRS Cedro, DeltaPenta e Acala 90 expressaram elevado nível de antibiose sobre as lagartas. / Abstract: The objective of this research was to study some behavioral aspectsof Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. SMITH)in cotton varieties. Adequate density of adultsper plant, vertical distribution of eggs in different plant parts, and adequate plant age for infestation were determined in the greenhouse for future resistance studies and improvementof S. frugiperda management practices in cotton. The attractiveness and non-preference for feeding of newly-hatched caterpillars for cotton plant parts and varietieswere evaluated in the laboratory in free-choice and no-choice tests. The insect'sbiologicaldevelopment was also monitored by confining caterpillars to different cottonvarieties.Results allowedto concludethat S. frugiperdaprefers to ovipositon 60- day-oldplants,preferablyon the abaxialsurface of leaves in the upper thirdof plants. A densityof 3 or 4 pairs of adults per plant was sufficient to conduct non-preference-forovipositiontests. Varieties Coodetec 408, BRS Aroeira, BRS Araçá, BRS Ita 90, and DeltaPenta showed the non-preference-for-oviposition type of resistance; the most attractiveand preferred plant part for feeding of newly-hatched caterpillars were the leaves.Under free-choice conditions, Coodetec 410 was the most attractive variety whencompared with Acala 90, FiberMax966, and DeltaPenta. Caterpillars showed greater preference for feeding for BRS Araçá in relation to BRS Cedro, BRS Ita 90, DeltaPenta,Coodetec 408, and BRS Aroeira. The most adequate time to evaluate plant attractivenessto newly-hatched S. frugiperda caterpillars was 46 minutes. Varieties BRS Cedro,DeltaPenta, and Acala 90 expressed a high levei of antibiosis on the caterpillars. IPR20, Coodetec 410, and DeltaOpal also showed this mechanism but in a less intense manner; FiberMax 977, however, was the most susceptible variety for pest developrnent. / Orientador: Arlindo Leal Boiça Junior / Coorientador: Alcebíades Ribeiro Campos / Banca: Antonio Carlos Busoli / Banca: Edson Luiz Lopes Baldin / Banca: José Roberto Scarpellini / Banca: José Carlos Barbosa / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:29:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-08-04Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:39:18Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 santos_dma_me_ilha.pdf: 304690 bytes, checksum: 0178bdbbeca92dbc4df68c46ef62ade9 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O objetivo desse presente trabalho foi desenvolver um método de recomendação de adubação nitrogenada com as leituras de clorofilômetro, para o campo, avaliando doses crescentes de N, em algodoeiro cv. DeltaOpal. Foi desenvolvido em dois anos, instalados na Fazenda de Ensino e Pesquisa (FEP), no município de Selvíria - MS, pertencente a Faculdade de Engenharia Campus de Ilha Solteira. Utilizando um delineamento em blocos ao acaso com 4 repetições, utilizando os fatores modo de aplicação (Única e Parcelada), doses de N em cobertura ( 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 kg de N ha-1, para o ano 2004/05) e ( 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 e 120 kg de N ha-1, para o ano 2005/6), a fonte de N foi uréia, a aplicação de N nos tratamentos, foram realizadas, de dois modos: única aos 30 d.a.e. com doses totais e os parcelados com metade da dose aplicada aos 30 d.a.e. e o restante aos 45 d.a.e. As leituras SPAD foram efetuadas na 5ª folha da haste principal e em toda a planta (2005/06), para que, no final do estudo houvesse uma recomendação de N, através das leituras. As doses crescentes de N, proporcionaram uma maior altura da planta, e afetaram positivamente os teores foliares de P, K, e para a produtividade somente houve diferença significativa no primeiro ano agrícola onde se aplicou N de forma parcelada. Com relação às leituras SPAD, houve eficiência em determinar o teor de N presente na planta, podendo ser adotado como metodologia ao determinar carência do N na planta. / The objective of this work was to develop a method of nitrogen recommendation by chorophyll readings, in field conditions, using N levels in cotton cv. DeltaOpal. It was developed during two growth seasons, at the Experimental Station of the São Paulo State University/Unesp/Ilha Solteira Campus, at Selvíria - MS. The Trials have used the completely blocks design with four repetitions, using two factors: a- methods of N application (Single or split), N levels in covering (first year: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 kg of N ha-1 , second year: 0, 25, 50, 75, 100 and 120 kg of N ha-1). The Nitrogen source was urea applied: a- 30 days after emergency (total amount) and b- 30 and 45 days after emergency (splited). The SPAD readings were realized in the fifth true leaf of the main monopodial branch and in all leaves of this plant. The plant height was affected by the nitrogen levels but the leaf level of P, K, were positively affected. The yield was affected by the nitrogen levels just in the first season. The chorophyll readings showed an useful key to evaluate the nitrogen deficiency in cotton.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-24T12:05:27Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Angelica Guimaraes Barbosa.pdf: 669568 bytes, checksum: 979d77dd70ce88a66e50ee1f5eea5d0d (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-24T12:05:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Maria Angelica Guimaraes Barbosa.pdf: 669568 bytes, checksum: 979d77dd70ce88a66e50ee1f5eea5d0d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-03-14 / Cotton is the higher economically important plant fiber producer, however yield can be seriously reduced by ramulosis, caused by the fungus Colletotrichum gossypiivar. cephalosporioides, for that the main control management practice is the use of resistant cultivars. In the present work, it was assessed resistance to ramulose of cotton lines, the induction of resistance by chemical inducers, the activity of enzymes involved in the defense response and the physiological cost of induced resistance in cotton. The resistance evaluation to ramulosis of 34 cotton lines was performed on the basis of epidemiological components, initial disease index (IDI), final disease index (FDI), disease progress rate (DPR) and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). It was verified, also, the effect of disease resistance inducers acibenzolar-S-methyl (ASM), Agro-Mós® (AM) and sodium silicate (Si) in the cotton cultivars CNPA GO 2000 – 1256 (intermediate resistant) and CNPA GO 2002 – 7997 (susceptible). The inducers ASM and AM were sprayed 5 and 10 days before inoculation of the pathogen, by foliarspray, while Si was mixed to the susbstract. At 24 days after inoculation, plants were assessed for disease index (DI), AUDPC and percent control (PC). ASM and AM were also tested using three doses of each inducer and determined the activity of -1,3- glucanase, peroxidase and phenilalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), at five and ten days after inoculation of the pathogen. The physiological cost of induced resistance was assessed on the basis of plant response to the inducers ASM, AM and jasmonic acid (JA) in substracts fertilized with two levels of nitrogen. Plants were assessed for plant height (PH), internode length (IL), shoot fresh biomass (SFB), root fresh biomass (RFB), shoot dry biomass (SDB) and root dry biomass (RDB). It was also determined the activity of the enzymes PAL and peroxidase. The line CNPA GO 2002 – 7997 showed high susceptibility to disease, with higher FDI. It was obtained significative(P=0,05) correlations between the variables IDI, FDI and AUDPC. The analysis of Euclidian distance by UPGMA allowed the separation of lines in two groups, one of them, composed only by line CNPA GO 2002 – 7997, and all the others grouped in asecond one. It was not observed influence of the time of inducers treatment. Line CNPA GO 2000 – 1256 displayed lower DI for all disease resistance inducers compared to the control. The variable AUDPC did not present interaction between period, cultivar and inducer, although all inducers were significantly different from control. In general, no significantly difference could be detected among doses and control. It was verified the activity of -1,3-glucanase and peroxidase at 10 DAE. CNPA GO 2002 – 7997 showed considerable increase in -1,3-glucanase, while peroxidase activities only ASM- D1 to CNPA GO 2002 – 7997 and ASM- D3 to CNPA GO 2000 – 1656 showed significantly difference from control and increase enzymatic activity. No increase in PAL activity could be detected. ASM produced control of ramulose in cotton, increasing the levels of enzymes involved in the plant defense response, however showed high physiological cost, with accentuated reduction in PH, SFB and SDBfollowed by a higher activity of peroxidase. / O algodão é o produto de maior importância econômica do grupo das fibras, porém a produção pode ser seriamente reduzida pela ramulose, doença causada pelo fungo Colletotrichum gossypii var. cephalosporioides, que tem como principal medida de controle a utilização de cultivares resistentes. No presente estudo, avaliou-se a resistência de linhagens de algodoeiro à ramulose, a indução de resistência por indutores químicos, a atividade de enzimas envolvidas na resposta de defesa e o custo fisiológico da resistência induzida na planta. A avaliação da resistência de 34 linhagens de algodoeiro à ramulose foi realizada com base nos componentes epidemiológicos, índice de doença inicial (IDI), índice de doença final (IDF), taxa de progresso da doença (TPD) e área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD). Foi verificado o efeito dos indutores acibenzolar-S-metil (ASM), Agro-Mós® (AM) e silicato de sódio (Si) nas linhagens de algodoeiro CNPA GO 2000 – 1256 (resistência intermediária) e CNPA GO 2002 – 7997 (suscetível). Os indutores ASM e AM foram aplicados 5 e10 dias antes da inoculação do patógeno, através de pulverização foliar, enquanto Si foi incorporado ao substrato. Aos 24 dias após a inoculação, as plantas foram avaliadas quanto ao índice de doença (ID). ASM e AM foram avaliados também, utilizando três dosagens de cada indutor e determinada a atividade de -1,3-glucanase, peroxidase e fenilalanina amônia liase (PAL), aos cinco e dez dias após a inoculação do patógeno. Ocusto fisiológico da resistência induzida foi avaliado com base na resposta das plantas aos indutores ASM, AM e ácido jasmônico (AJ) em substratos com dois níveis de nitrogênio. As plantas foram avaliadas quanto à altura (AP), comprimento de internódio (CI), biomassa fresca da parte aérea (BFPA), biomassa fresca da raiz (BFR), biomassaseca da parte aérea (BSPA) e biomassa seca da raiz (BSR). Também foi determinada a atividade das enzimas PAL e peroxidase. A linhagem CNPA GO 2002 – 7997 é altamente suscetível à doença, com o maior IDF. Foram constatadas correlações significativas (P=0,05) entre as variáveis IDI, IDF e AACPD. A análise da distância Euclidiana por UPGMA permitiu a separação das linhagens em dois grupos, um dos quais, formado apenas pela linhagem CNPA GO 2002 – 7997, e o outro grupo pelas demais linhagens. Não foi observada influência da época de aplicação dos indutores. A linhagem CNPA GO 2000 – 1256 apresentou menor ID para todos os indutores em relação à testemunha. A variável AACPD não apresentou interação entre época, cultivar e indutor, embora todos os indutores tenham diferido significativamente da testemunha. De maneira geral, não houve diferença significativa entre dosagens de indutores e testemunha. CNPA GO 2002 – 7997 apresentou considerável aumento na atividade de -1,3-glucanase quando tratadas com os indutores, enquanto na atividade de peroxidase apenas ASM- D1 para CNPA GO 2002 – 7997 e ASM- D3 para CNPA GO 2000 – 1256 diferiram da testemunha, aumentando significativamente a atividade enzimática. Não houve aumento na atividade de PAL. No geral, ASM proporcionou o controle da ramulose do algodoeiro, aumentando os níveis de enzimas envolvidas na resposta de defesa da planta, porém apresentou alto custo fisiológico, com acentuada redução na AP, BFPA e BSPA acompanhada de maior atividade de peroxidase.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:44:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_blanca_acuna_idrogo.pdf: 2513627 bytes, checksum: 04a4e68c1763a9929f1a4cfa61b1b413 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-17 / The present reseaech paper was made in the District,Province and Region Lambayeque located in northern Perú during the agricultura seasons: 2004-2005, 2005- 2007 and 2006-2007. The objetive was to evaluate the entomo fauna behavior and the This research work is run in the District, Province and Region Lambayeque, Peru during the crop season 2004-2005, 2005-2006 and 2006 - 2007 with the objective of evaluating the behavior of the entomofauna and yield potential native cotton (Gossypium barbadense L Ssp. Peruvianum).) cotton called "country". The crop was installed in June 2004 beginning with a nursery, in an area corresponding to Ferreñafe Sican Museum and its final installation in the field of Sipan Museum in Lambayeque, at an altitude of 29 meters, average temperature 22.5 º C, humidity on 75% and an average rainfall of 24 mm. 1.333 plants were installed. Also served to assess the ecotypes of color, material valued for its natural color, with a genetic resource of great value to work rescuing this poor germplasm, which is in danger of extisiòn due to the introduction of commercial hybrid , that would put in risk so precious ancestral legacy. We found significant genetic variation in all attributes evaluated. Ferreñafe province had the highest genetic variability in fiber color, the colored ecotypes present five out of nine. The most critical phases of pest attack were sprouting, fruiting and capsule opening. There was a low infestation of worm borer leaf Bucculatrix thurberiella, "Arrebiatadas" Dysdercus peruvianus "Peruvian beaked" Anthonomus vestitus and "wart mite" Acaliptus gossypii, mainly due to unsuitable conditions for their development. The native cotton crop will be greatly affected by the attack of pests if not done an adequate integrated pest management. The more promising ecotypes were: Orange-face, Fine red, white and pink White simple, 2903, 1880, 1642 and 1.24 kilos per plant, respectively. For weight of weed, highlights the ecotypes: Fine Colorado Claro Fifo 3.95 to 2.96 g, respectively, was found in the first harvest of the arboretum A , a greater number of fruit branches with 43,797 branches, with respect to the soca harvest, which formed only 10,643 fruit branches. In the arboretum "B", the results were the same trend. Sample sizes were adequate and representative of the population. The data had a normal or approximately normal distribution. / El presente trabajo de investigación se ejecutó en el Distrito, Provincia y Región Lambayeque-Perú, durante las campañas agrícola 2004-2005, 2005-2006 y 2006- 2007 con el objetivo de evaluar, el comportamiento de la entomofauna y el potencial de rendimiento de algodones nativos (Gossypium barbadense L. Ssp. Peruvianum) , denominado algodón del país . El cultivo se instaló en Junio 2004 iniciándose con un vivero, en un área correspondiente al Museo Sicán de Ferreñafe y su instalación definitiva en el ámbito del Museo de Sipán, en Lambayeque. Se instalaron 1,333 plantones. Además sirvió para evaluar los ecotipos de color, material valioso por su coloración natural, siendo un recurso genético de gran valor para trabajos de rescate de este escaso germoplasma, que se encuentra en peligro de extinción debido a la introducción de híbridos comerciales y cultivares transgénicos, que pondrían en riesgo tan preciado legado ancestral. Se encontró variabilidad genética significativa en todos los atributos evaluados. La provincia de Ferreñafe presentó la mayor variabilidad genética en color de fibra, al presentar cinco ecotipos coloreados de un total de nueve. Las fases más críticas para el ataque de plagas fueron en brotamiento, fructificación y apertura de cápsulas. El cultivo de algodón nativo se verá muy afectado por el ataque de plagas si no se realiza un adecuado manejo integrado de plagas. Los ecotipos más rendidores fueron: Anaranjado-Ante, fino colorado, blanco rosáceo y blanco simple, con 2.903, 1.880, 1.642 y 1.24 kilogramos por planta, respectivamente. Para peso de mota, sobresalieron los ecotipos: Fino colorado y fifo claro con 3.95 a 2.96 g, respectivamente, se encontró en la primera cosecha del arboretum A , en mayor número de ramas fruteras con 43.797 ramas, con respecto a la cosecha soca , que solo formó 10.643 ramas fruteras. En el arboretum B , los resultados tuvieron la misma tendencia.

D.Phil. / The fungus, Verticillium dahliae, is the causative agent of Verticillium wilt, which results in significant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) crop losses worldwide. This study contributes to the elucidation of cotton defence responses against V. dahliae. The identification, cloning and characterization of three genes that were differentially expressed in response to elicitation with a cell wall-derived (CWD) V. dahliae elicitor are described. It was hypothesized that the molecular architectures of the three characterized genes are supportive of a role in cotton defence against V. dahliae. As one of these genes was present as two homoeologous copies, this study also reports on the molecular characterization of both homoeologs, thus providing further insight into the processes of genomic evolution between homoeologous loci in allotetraploid cotton. The three genes were initially represented as expressed sequence tags (ESTs), obtained from a previous differential display reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR) study by Zwiegelaar (2003), as part of an MSc project. These ESTs, designated C1B10, C4B5 and C4B4, were differentially induced upon elicitation with a CWD V. dahliae elicitor (Zwiegelaar, 2003). In the present study, the genes represented by the three ESTs were identified and characterized by genome walking and 5‘/3‘ rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). Additionally, PCR and reverse-transcription PCR (RT-PCR) were utilized, where necessary, to obtain internal sequences, not covered by the genome walking and RACE reactions. Through the use of these molecular techniques, the full transcript and genomic sequences of each of the three genes was obtained, including their promoters. The promoter of each gene was analyzed for cis-elements driving gene transcription, through bioinformatic analysis. Furthermore, the copy number of each gene was determined through Southern blot analysis. The genes were translated to reveal their encoded protein sequences. The amino acid sequences were submitted to a basic local alignment (BLAST) search of the NCBI database to identify, and align them with, homologous proteins from other plant species (and those from G. hirsutum, if any). An in silico analysis of the encoded protein of each gene was also performed. This examination included domain architecture, post-translational modification, subcellular location and tertiary structure predictions. This study also involved the isolation of the elicitor from the cell walls of V. dahliae fungal cultures. The potency of the freshly-isolated elicitor was investigated with a triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) viability assay on cotton cell suspensions. Its potential to induce PR-proteins was also explored but these results were inconclusive. In addition, expression studies were performed with real-time PCR (q-PCR), to confirm the up- or down-regulation of each gene upon elicitation of cotton cell suspensions with the CWD V. dahliae elicitor, and to investigate the time frame/kinetics of induction. The gene corresponding to the C1B10 EST was designated GhLIPN as this study revealed that it encodes a lipin protein. Lipins are novel proteins with phosphatidate phosphatase 1 (PAP1) activity, exclusive to eukaryotes. They play a fundamental role in the lipid metabolism of organisms ranging in complexity from yeast to animals and plants. In plants, this role includes lipid membrane remodelling during phosphate (Pi) deficiency. During the study of the GhLIPN gene, it was discovered that it occurred as two distinct homoeologous copies from the A- and D-co-resident genomes of allopolyploid G. hirsutum. The GhLIPN homoeologs were named GhLIPN I and N for Insert present and No insert, respectively, based on the presence or absence of a 13 base pair (bp) insertion/deletion (indel) site in intron 6.

With new 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) tolerant crops, increases in off-target movement events are expected. New formulations may mitigate these events, but standard lab techniques are ineffective in identifying these 2,4-D formulations. Using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and machine learning algorithms, research was conducted to classify 2,4-D formulations in treated herbicide-tolerant soybeans and cotton and observe the influence of leaf treatment status and collection timing on classification accuracy. Pooled Classification models using k-nearest neighbor classified 2,4-D formulations with over 65% accuracy in cotton and soybean. Tissue collected 14 DAT and 21 DAT for cotton and soybean respectively produced higher accuracies than the pooled model. Tissue directly treated with 2,4-D also performed better than the pooled model. Lastly, models using timing and treatment status as factors resulted in higher accuracies, with cotton 14 DAT New Growth and Treated models and 28 DAT and 21 DAT Treated soybean models achieving the best accuracies.

A narrow germplasm base and a complex allotetraploid genome have historically made the discovery of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers difficult in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). We conducted a genome reduction experiment to identify SNPs from two accessions of G. hirsutum and two accessions of G. barbadense. Approximately 2 million sequence reads were assembled into contigs with an N50 of 508 bp and analyzed for SNPs. A total of 11,834 and 1,679 SNPs between the accessions G. hirsutum and G. barbadense, respectively, were identified with highly conservative parameters (a minimum read depth of 8x at each SNP and a 100% identity of all reads within an accession at the SNP). Additionally, 4,327 SNPs were identified between accessions of G. hirsutum in and assembly of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs). 320 and 252 KASPAR assays were designed for SNP mapping in non-genic and genic regions respectively. 187 markers in total (136 non-genic, 51 genic) were mapped using KBioscience KASPar genotyping assays in a segregating F2 population using the Fluidigm EP1 system. EST The target genome of EST markers was successfully predicted bioinformaticly diploid reference sequences. Examination of nucleotide substitutions and SNP frequencies further confirms validity of new markers. A genetic map was constructed using a large G. hirsutum segregating F2 population. Genetic maps generated by these newly identified markers will be used to locate quantitative, economically important regions within the cotton genome.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-16T15:49:19Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Erick Farias Couto.pdf: 519238 bytes, checksum: 39bbbff610acf377a744dada09f340cf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-16T15:49:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Erick Farias Couto.pdf: 519238 bytes, checksum: 39bbbff610acf377a744dada09f340cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-03 / The cotton has been in the human history for ages; it is used to the confection of clothes and its subproducts are an important source of protein to the domestic animals. Because of its wide distribution in the Brazil, the ocurrence of disease has become more frequently. Among the diseases, great importance is given to the fusarium wilt of cotton (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum) because of its potential to cause severe losses and its hard control. The present work aimed to develop alternatives to be offered to the cotton producers. The first experiment refers to the evaluation of the planting methods of cotton and the reaction of 106 cultivars in relation to the vascular wilt of fusarium. Among the methods of planting, the plastic cups was chosen because in this method the roots of the seedlings can grow more vigorously. In the water restricion method there was no ocurrence of typical simptoms of the vascular wilt. The paper towel method resulted in anormal seedlings or the seedlings were contaminated with parasites. It was possible to determinated a group with a high level of resistance among the cultivars tested. In this group, its important to say that the cultivar SP 2473-A also exhibit resistance to the ramulosis. The second experiment is reffered to the resistance induction with the abiotic inducers (acibenzolar-S-metil, metil jasmonato e fosfato de potássio) in seedlings of the cotton cultivar ‘BRS Cedro’ and the evaluation of the enzymatic activity elicited (in samples of leaves and stem) in seedlings induced (once and twice) and seedlings without the induction, inoculatedand not inoculated with Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum. The infection index was also evaluated in this treatments. The treatment with methyl jasmonate (two inoculations) in the stem showed the minor infection index (45,00). It was possible to correlate this treatment with the minor infection index and the high level of the enzyme superoxide dismutase in the stem. / O algodão tem acompanhado a história do homem desde tempos remotos, serve como matéria prima para a confecção de vestuário e ainda apresenta como subprodutos uma rica fonte de proteína para o consumo de animais domésticos. Devido a sua ampla distribuição em todo o Brasil, a ocorrência de doenças tem se tornado cada vez mais freqüente. Dentre as doenças, um grande destaque é dado a murcha de fusário (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum), devido ao seu potencial em causar sérios prejuízos e seu difícil controle. Diante do exposto, o presente trabalho refere-se as atividades realizadas visando desenvolver uma alternativa para a cadeia produtiva do algodoeiro. O primeiro experimento refere-se a avaliação de métodos de plantio de algodoeiro e avaliação de 106 cultivares de algodoeiro em relação a murcha de fusário. Dentre os métodos de plantio avaliados, o plantio em copo plástico foi o escolhido por ter proporcionado um melhor desenvolvimento do sistema radicular das plântulas de algodoeiro. No método da restrição hídrica não ocorreu o aparecimento de sintomas característicos da murcha de fusário. O método do papel toalha resultou em plântulas anormais ou as sementes foram parasitadas com contaminantes. Entre as cultivares testadas quanto a reação a murcha de fusário foi possível estabelecer um grupo com um alto nível de resistência com destaque para a cultivar SP 2473-A, que também possui resistência contra a ramulose. O segundo experimento refere-se a indução de resistência com os indutores abióticos (acibenzolar-S-metil, metiljasmonato e fosfato de potássio) em plântulas da cultivar BRS Cedro de algodoeiro e avaliação da atividade enzimática elicitada (amostras de folhas e caule) em plantas induzidas (com uma e duas induções) e não induzidas, inoculadas e não inoculadas com Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vasinfectum, sendo ainda realizada a avaliação do índice de infecção. O menor índice de infecção (45,00) foi obtido pelo tratamento com metil jasmonato (duas inoculações) no caule. Neste tratamento foi possível estabelecer a provável conexão entre o menor índice de infecção e um alto nível da enzima peroxidase nas folhas e da enzima superóxido dismutase no caule.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2017-03-17T14:39:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Janaina Cortez de Oliveira.pdf: 616667 bytes, checksum: 9d56953508b1cd4518224b8966b15c92 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T14:39:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Janaina Cortez de Oliveira.pdf: 616667 bytes, checksum: 9d56953508b1cd4518224b8966b15c92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-10-22 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The bacterial blight caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum (Xcm) is the most important bacterial disease of cotton in the Middle-West and Northeast Regions of Brazil. The variability of a population formed by 100 Xcm strains obtained from commercial fields in the states of Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul and Bahia, Brazil, was analyzed based upon genetic and phenotypic characteristics. The enzymes amylase, lipase, cellulase and the polysaccharide levan were produced by all Xcm isolates while the caseinase was only produced by 20 strains. All strains induced hipersensitivity reaction in tomato leaves. The 100 strains were sensitive to copper oxychloride (1500 mg L-1), copper hidroxide (1614 mg L-1), oxytetracicline (600 mg L-1), oxytetracicline (90 mg L-1) + tribasic copper sulfate (1500 mg L-1) and oxytetracicline (76.6 mg L-1) + streptomycin sulfate (367.2 mg L-1), but resistant to kasugamycin (60 mg L-1). Among the eighteen tested antibiotics the strains presented variable reaction in relation to: nalidixic acid, amoxicillin, azithromycin, bacitracin, eritromicin, kanamycin, pefloxacin, tobramycin e vancomycin. Rep-PCR (REP, ERIC and BOX) showed the formation of five groups at 70% similarity level. Group I contained 98 strains, including the reference strain Xcm IBSBF1733, group II contained only two strains from Bahia and the other three groups included strains of Xanthomonas citri pv. anacardii, X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae e X. axonopodis pv. spondiae used for comparison. This work also evaluated the effect of silicon (Si) on the bacterial blight of cotton control and the putative mechanisms involved in the resistance potentialized by this element were evaluated. Calcium silicate (CaSiO3) was incorporated into the soil at concentrations of 0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 1.50 and 3.00 g of SiO2 kg-1 soil 25 days before planting. Leaves of 33-day-old-plants were inoculated by infiltration with 0.5 mL suspension of Xcm (108 CFU ml-1). Components of resistance were evaluated every two days until 10 days after inoculation, at which point plant development and the accumulation of Si and Calcium (Ca) were also determined. H2O2 production and the activity of enzymes related to plant defenses were analyzed at 6, 12 and 24 hours after inoculation in plants +/-Si. In vitro inhibition of pathogen growth due to Si was also assessed. No significant difference was seen among the treatments regarding incubation period, disease incidence or inhibition of bacterial growth. However, with the application of 1.50 g of SiO2 kg-1 of soil, a reduction in severity (54.9%) was observed along with a reduction in the area under the disease progression curve (35.76%) and an increase in plant height (7.04%). There was no observable accumulation of Si in the cotton leaves. Levels of soluble proteins and H2O2 and activity of the enzymes SOD, APX, guaiacol peroxidase, PAL and b Glu were altered in the presence of Si (1.80 g SiO2 kg-1). Thus based on the genetic and phenotypic characteristics studied we conclude that the population of 100 Xcm strains presents low variability, and that the reduction of cotton bacterial blight severity mediated by Si is probably associated to the characteristic events of induced resistance observed. / A mancha-angular, causada por Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum (Xcm), é a principal doença bacteriana do algodoeiro no Centro-Oeste e Nordeste do Brasil. A variabilidade de uma população de 100 isolados de Xcm, oriundos de plantas com sintomas típicos de mancha-angular em áreas produtoras de algodoeiro dos estados de Goiás, Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul e Bahia, Brasil, foi analisada com base em características fenotípicas e genéticas. As enzimas amilase, lipase e celulase e o polissacarídeo levana foram produzidos por todos os isolados de Xcm, enquanto a caseinase foi produzida apenas por 20 isolados. Todos os isolados induziram reação de hipersensibilidade em folhas de tomateiro. Os 100 isolados foram sensíveis a oxicloreto de cobre (1500 mg l-1), hidróxido de cobre (1614 mg l-1), oxitetraciclina (600 mg l-1), oxitetraciclina (90 mg l-1) + sulfato tribásico de cobre (1500 mg l-1) e oxitetraciclina (76,6 mg l-1) + sulfato de estreptomicina (367,2 mg l-1), e resistentes a casugamicina (60 mg l-1). Dentre os 18 antibióticos testados, os isolados bacterianos apresentaram reação variável a nove: ácido nalidíxico, amoxicilina, azitromicina, bacitracina, eritromicina, kanamicina, pefloxacina, tobramicina e vancomicina. Rep-PCR (REP, ERIC e BOX) revelou a formação de cinco grupos ao nível de 70% de similaridade, sendo o grupo I constituído de 98 isolados, incluindo o isolado referência de Xcm IBSBF1733, o grupo II, formado apenas por dois isolados oriundos da Bahia e os três outros grupos por isolados de X. citri pv. anacardii, X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae e X. axonopodis pv. spondiae utilizados para comparação. Neste trabalho também foi avaliado o efeito do silício (Si) no controle da mancha-angular do algodoeiro, e os possíveis mecanismos envolvidos na resistência potencializada por este elemento. O silicato de cálcio (CaSiO3) foi incorporado ao solo nas doses de 0,00; 0,25; 0,50; 1,50 e 3,00 g de SiO2 kg-1 de solo 25 dias antes do plantio. Plantas com 33 dias tiveram as folhas inoculadas por infiltração com 0,5 mL de suspensão de Xcm (108 UFC ml-1). Os componentes da resistência foram avaliados a cada dois dias até 10 dias após a inoculação, quando o desenvolvimento da planta e o acúmulo de Si e Ca foram também determinados. Foram ainda analisadas a atividade de enzimas relacionadas à defesa vegetal e a produção de H2O2 às 6, 12 e 24 h após a inoculação em plantas +/-Si e a inibição in vitro do crescimento do patógeno. Não foi verificada diferença significativa entre os tratamentos quanto ao período de incubação, incidência da mancha-angular e inibição do crescimento da bactéria. Com a aplicação da dose 1,50 g SiO2 kg-1 de solo, observou-se redução da severidade (54,9%), da área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (35,76%) e aumento na altura das plantas (7,04%). Não foi verificado acúmulo de Si nas folhas de algodoeiro. Níveis de proteínas solúveis e H2O2 e atividade das enzimas SOD, APX, POX, PAL e GLU foram alterados na presença do Si (1,80 g SiO2 kg-1). Com base nas características fenotípicas e genéticas analisadas, conclui-se que a população de 100 isolados de Xcm estudada apresenta baixa variabilidade e que a redução da severidade da mancha-angular do algodoeiro mediada por Si está provavelmente associada aos eventos característicos de indução de resistência observados.