Denna rapport redogör dels för utvecklingen av två applikationer för Android och dels för jämförelsen mellan de två. Dessa applikationer skulle regelbundet samla in och skicka sin position till en server för spårning. Tanken var att en administratör för till exempel ett orienteringsevent skulle kunna följa deltagarna i realtid. I slutet av rapporten återfinns en utvärdering av de två applikationerna som utvecklades som försöker avgöra vilken av de två applikationerna som verkar effektivast med avseende på energikonsumtion och dataöverföringshastighet.   Arbetet utfördes åt Progmera i Linköping som tidigare haft en del kunder inom bl a orienteringsbranchen. / This report details both the development of two separate applications for Android and a comparative evaluation between the two. The applications where supposed to regularly collect and transmit the device position to a server for tracking. The applications where meant to be used at orientation events to maintain locations of all participants in real-time. At the end of this report the evaluation tries to determine the most effective solution based on energy consumption and data transfer time.   The project was performed for Progmera in Linköping, Sweden. The company had clients in the orientation business.

L'objectif initial de cette thèse était de développer une nouvelle méthode tomographique capable de restituer le champ spatio-temporel de vapeur d'eau troposphérique uniquement en fonction des observations d'une seule station GPS. Cette méthode est particulièrement adaptée aux îles polynésiennes où l'implantation d'un réseau dense de stations GPS est quasiment impossible.Ce constat a motivé une étude préalable cherchant à caractériser les fluctuations de la vapeur d'eau au-dessus de Tahiti et leurs relations avec les précipitations à différentes échelles temporelles (de l'échelle horaire à l'échelle saisonnière). Il a également motivé une seconde étude cherchant à caractériser la structure verticale de la vapeur d'eau à partir des radiosondages des dix dernières années effectués par Météo-France deux fois par jour afin de fournir un modèle simple pouvant s'adapter à tous types de structure atmosphérique. Un indice caractérisant la stabilité de l'atmosphère a été déduit de ce modèle.La seconde partie de la thèse présente la méthode tomographique que j'ai développée. Pour reconstruire la répartition verticale de la vapeur d'eau, cette méthode s'appuie sur le modèle de structure verticale présenté ci-dessus. Pour reconstruire la répartition horizontale, nous utilisons une décomposition en polynômes de Zernike. Enfin, nous utilisons une décomposition spectrale pour modéliser les variations temporelles. Avec cette méthode, la densité de vapeur d'eau varie à différentes échelles prédéfinies spatiales et temporelles. Les variations associées aux différentes échelles sont alors ajustées (au sens des moindres carrés) afin de reconstruire au mieux les observations GPS. / The initial goal of this thesis was to develop a new tomographic method capable of restoring the spatio-temporal field of tropospheric water vapor using uniquely, the observations of a single GPS. This method is a good fit for Polynesian islands where the implementation of a GPS network is almost impossible.This observation lead to the development of a preliminary study to characterize water vapor fluctuations above Tahiti and their relationship with precipitations at different temporal scales (from hours to seasons). Another study has emerged for the same reasons, looking for the characterization of the vertical structure of water vapor from radiosondes of the last 10 years made by Meteo-France twice a day in order to deliver a simple model that could be adapted to all types of atmospheric structures. An index, characterizing the stability of the atmosphere was derived from this model.The second part of the thesis presents the tomographic methodology I developed. To reconstruct the vertical distribution of water vapor, this method relies on the above-mentioned vertical structure model. To reconstruct the horizontal distribution, we use a decomposition to Zernike polynomials. We use a spectral decomposition to model temporal variations. With this method, the density of water vapor varies at different predefined spatial and temporal scales. Variations associated to different scales are adjusted (using the method of least squares) in order to reconstruct GPS observations.

Dans le contexte de la hausse actuelle du niveau marin, la détermination du mouvement vertical à la côte est cruciale pour deux principales raisons. D’une part, parce qu’il est enregistré dans la mesure marégraphique et constitue une source d’incertitude dans l’estimation des variations long terme du niveau marin (suivant les auteurs ces variations sont de l’ordre de 1 à 2 mm/an de montée au cours du siècle passé). Et d’autre part, parce que les processus de subsidence à la côte sont un facteur aggravant des effets de la montée du niveau marin avec parfois des taux qui résultent en une montée relative du niveau marin de l’ordre de 1 cm/an, soit des projections de 1 mètre en un siècle, sans accélération des contributions climatiques actuelles. Cette thèse de doctorat s’attaque à la détermination des mouvements verticaux à la côte par GPS et par une méthode originale de combinaison des données de marégraphie et d’altimétrie radar embarquée sur satellite. La méthode proposée ici est basée sur celle de Kuo et al. (2004), reprise et étendue en appliquant un filtrage spatio-temporel issu de l’analyse EOF des deux types de séries de données. La méthode est appliquée dans le Golfe du Mexique sur la période 1950-2009 en utilisant les quinze séries marégraphiques de plus de 40 ans d’observations disponibles dans la région au PSMSL et les séries altimétriques mises à disposition dans AVISO sur la période 1992-2009. La comparaison avec les mouvements verticaux issus des cinq séries de positions de stations GPS co-localisées avec marégraphes montre un écart moyen quadratique sur les différences de 0.60 mm/an révélant la grande précision de la nouvelle approche. Les séries temporelles GPS ont préalablement fait l’objet d’une analyse poussée du bruit et des incertitudes associées, légitimant l’utilisation des séries GPS dans la correction des tendances du niveau marin obtenues des marégraphes. Les incertitudes obtenues des vitesses verticales GPS sont de l’ordre de 0.5 mm/an ce qui est significativement inférieur à d’autres analyses de ce type. La méthode altimétrie moins marégraphie mise au point offre donc des perspectives intéressantes dans la détermination précise des mouvements verticaux côtiers où il n’existe pas de mesures géodésiques. / In the context of the current sea level rise, the determination of coastal vertical land motion is crucial for two main reasons. In one hand, tide gauge measurements are affected by vertical displacements and this is a source of uncertainties for the estimation of long-term sea level variations ( those variations are in the order of 1 to 2 mm/yr of sea level rise during the last century according to different authors). On the other hand, coastal subsiding processes could aggravate the effects of sea level rise with rates leading sometimes to 1 cm/yr of relative sea level rise, that is 1 meter over a century, without any acceleration of climatic contribution. This PhD thesis addresses the determination of coastal vertical land movement by GPS and by an original method combining the data from both tide gauge and satellite radar altimetry. The method which is suggested here is based on those of Kuo et al., (2004), repeated and extended by spatio-temporal filtering from EOF analysis of the two kinds of series. The method is applied in the Gulf of Mexico over the period 1950-2009 using the available fifteen tide gauge series of more than 40 years of observations selected from the PSMSL and altimetric series selected from AVISO over the period 1992-2009. The comparison between vertical land movements from the five position time series of the GPS stations collocated at tide gauge locations shows a root mean square error of 0.60 mm/an over the difference , highlighting the high accuracy of the new approach. Beforehand, GPS time series underwent a detailed noise analysis and their associated uncertainties, legitimating the use of GPS series in the correction of tide gauge sea level trends. The uncertainties from GPS vertical velocities are in the order of 0.5 mm/yr which is significantly lower than other analysis of this type. The adjusted method altimetry minus tide gauge presents interesting prospects for the accurate determination of coastal land motion where there are not geodetic measurements.

The georeferencing consists of the description of the rural property, characteristics and confrontations, of descriptive memorial containing the border coordinates, georeferenced to the Brazilian Geodetic System following the positioning precision defined by INCRA. The perimeter survey of a rural property can be done only using GPS receivers, or only with topographical conventional techniques, among which the use of total Stations or even with mixed techniques (GPS and conventional techniques). The usage of mixed techniques is done in situations where there are obstructions in part of the perimeter and it limits the use of GPS receivers, like big and dense vegetation or protected by law forest. The most used procedure for mixed surveys, is the coordinates transportation form a start base (initial) in which its coordinates are known to a final base (end) in which are known the same elements of the start base, and the distance, heading and direction between them (azimuth). For the development of this work, different methods were applied for the transformation of the local topographical coordinates of the vertex of the polygon to get the coordinates of the same vertex in the map plan, according to 10267/01 law. This work had as a target the result comparison between different procedures, from the most traditional for coordinates transportation (Puissant, Bowring, of the rope, Gauss), as well as the method of the rotation matrix (RAPP, 1989b) and an alternative method called twodimensional transformation matrix, described in WOLF and GHILANI (1997) and URIBE (2003). The found results showed that all methods present the best class of performance when the comparison was done between the values of the vertex coordinates of the polygons obtained by the different calculation procedures with the values of the coordinates of the same vertexes of the polygon obtained with the use of GPS receiver. But when analyzed with accuracy, the method which presented less average error and less standard deviation was the Bowring, and then the Puissant, and then the rotation matrix method, and then the rope method, and then the two-dimensional matrix and the last was Gauss method. / O georreferenciamento consiste na descrição do imóvel rural, características e confrontações, em memorial descritivo que contenha as coordenadas dos limites, georreferenciadas ao Sistema Geodésico Brasileiro atendendo à precisão posicional fixada pelo INCRA. O levantamento do perímetro de uma propriedade rural pode ser feito usando-se somente receptores GPS, ou somente técnicas topográficas convencionais, dentre as quais se destaca a utilização de Estações totais e pode, também ser feito através de técnicas mistas (GPS e técnicas convencionais). A utilização de técnicas mistas e utilizada em situações em que ocorrem obstruções em parte do perímetro e que limitam o uso de receptores GPS, como vegetação densa e de grande porte ou mesmo protegidas pela legislação florestal. O procedimento mais utilizado, em levantamentos mistos, é a realização do transporte de coordenadas de uma base de partida (inicial) da qual se conhecem as suas coordenadas, a distância que as separa e a direção e o sentido entre elas (azimute) até uma base de chegada (final) em que se conhecem os mesmos elementos da base inicial. Para o desenvolvimento deste trabalho diferentes métodos foram aplicados para a transformação das coordenadas topográficas locais dos vértices de uma poligonal para a obtenção das coordenadas dos mesmos vértices no plano cartográfico, conforme preconiza a lei 10267/01. Este trabalho teve por objetivo fazer uma comparação entre diferentes procedimentos, desde os mais tradicionais para transporte de coordenadas (Puissant, Bowring, da corda, Gauss), bem como o método da matriz de rotação (RAPP ,1989b) e um método denominado de transformação bidimensional descrito em WOLF & GHILANI (1997) e URIBE (2003),. Os resultados encontrados mostraram que todos os métodos apresentam a classe de desempenho ótima quando foi feita a comparação entre os valores das coordenadas dos vértices de uma poligonal obtidas pelos diferentes procedimentos de cálculo com os valores das coordenadas dos mesmos vértices da poligonal obtidas com o uso de receptor GPS. Mas, quando analisados em conjunto com acurácia (ou exatidão) o método que apresentou menor erro médio e menor desvio padrão foi o de Bowring, seguido do Puissant, do das matrizes de rotação ortogonais, do da corda, do da matriz bidimensional e por último, o de Gauss.

The present work had the purpose of making a few technologies (applications) available for farmers as a tool to promote the competitive edge of brazilian agribusiness by using smartphones and tablets with Android operating system already popularized by general community. With the development of these applications, user will not need to acquire another specific GPS device for data collection and subsequent discharging on a desktop computer in order to process them because data will be collected through the technology popularized, which has the GPS as one of its functions, and posteriorly processed on the device itself. The development of these systems will require Java programming language and UML language among other softwares necessary to develop them. Thus, the systems proposed have the purpose of supporting precision agriculture by using mobile devices and real time processing. / Este trabalho teve como desafio disponibilizar algumas tecnologias (aplicativos) para os produtores rurais, como ferramenta para promover a competitividade do agronegócio brasileiro, utilizando smartphones e tablets, com sistema operacional Android, já popularizado pela comunidade em geral. Com o desenvolvimento desses aplicativos, o usuário não terá necessidade de adquirir outro aparelho especifico de GPS para coletar dados e depois descarregá-los em um computador desktop para fazer o processamento dos mesmos, pois os dados serão coletados por meio da tecnologia popularizada, o qual tem uma de suas funções o GPS e serão processadas no próprio dispositivo. Para o desenvolvimento desses sistemas serão utilizados, linguagem de programação Java, linguagem UML entre outros softwares necessários para o desenvolvimento dos mesmos. Sendo assim, os sistemas propostos têm como objetivo auxiliar a agricultura de precisão utilizando dispositivos móveis e processamento em tempo real.

L’étude des séismes géants de subduction présente un intérêt de premier ordre, car ils sontsuffisamment puissants pour exciter le manteau et déclencher sa relaxation visco-élastique. Cephénomène est caractérisé par des déformations à grande échelle spatiale (plusieurs milliers dekilomètres) et temporelle (plusieurs décennies). L’étude des déformations post-sismiques en surfacepar géodésie spatiale permet de contraindre les caractéristiques géométriques et rhéologiques del’interface de subduction, ouvrant ainsi la voie à l’étude du cycle sismique dans sa globalité.Le 27 février 2010 se produit le séisme de Mw 8.8, dans la région du Maule, au large du Chili. Lasubduction de la plaque Nazca sous la plaque continentale Sud-Américaine offre, pour la premièrefois, la possibilité de mesurer de manière continue et dense les déformations post-sismiques sur plusde 1500 km. Par ailleurs, plus de 10 ans de campagnes de mesures GPS, ont permis d’imager uncouplage très hétérogène tout au long de l’interface de subduction. L’imbrication alors visible entreles déformations post-sismiques et inter-sismiques, appuyée par l’étude de la sismicité historique,met ainsi en évidence les interactions inter-segments que seuls les modèles visco-élastiques de cyclesismique permettront de mieux comprendre.Cette thèse a été centrée autour de deux axes principaux, qui conduisent vers l’objectif finaldes modèles visco-élastiques de cycle sismique. Le premier et principal objectif est l’étude desdéformations post-sismiques du Maule. J’ai ainsi traité et analysé les cinq ans de données aprèsle séisme afin d’extraire le champ de déformation post-sismique. Ces données ont alors permis decontraindre les modèles visco-élastiques, grâce à la méthode des éléments finis. Un modèle combinéd’afterslip et de relaxation visco-élastique dans l’asthénosphère et dans un chenal à faible viscositétrès profond, permet ainsi d’expliquer le champ de déformation horizontal mais aussi verticalobservé. L’amplitude et la complexité des déformations en champ proche résulte de "l’afterslip",tandis que la relaxation dans le chenal permet de reproduire le très fort soulèvement de la Cordillèredes Andes. Enfin, la relaxation dans l’asthénosphère est responsable de l’extension sur plusieursmilliers de kilomètres des déformations post-sismiques. De plus, la continuité de l’effort de terrainet le traitement des données recueillies a permis de combler l’ultime gap de données. Il a ainsiété possible de déterminer un champ de vitesse inter-sismique continu sur la quasi totalité del’interface. Finalement, même si un modèle de cycle sismique à l’échelle de la subduction Chiliennen’a pas encore pu être réalisé, le modèle de post-sismique apporte déjà de nouveaux indices sur lesinteractions entre les différents segments de l’interface Chilienne, suite au dernier séisme. / The study of giant earthquakes on subduction zone represents a main interest. They are indeedsufficiently powerful to excite the mantle and trigger its viscoelastic relaxation, over a very largespatial (thousands of kilometers) and temporal (several decades) scale. Postseismic deformation,monitored by spatial geodesy, are a proxy to the geometrical and rheological characteristics of thesubduction interface, that will allow us to study the whole seismic cycle.On February 27th 2010 in the region of Maule, Chile, occurs the Mw 8.8 megathrust earthquake.Yet, the subduction of the Nazca plate beneath the continental South-American plate offers, forthe first time, the opportunity to measure continuously and densely the postseismic deformationfollowing the earthquake, over more than 1500 km. Otherwise, more than a decade of GPS repeatedmeasurements allowed to image a very heterogeneous coupling all along the Chilean interface. Thevisible imbrication between postseismic deformation and interseismic loading, supported by historicaland instrumental seismicity, highlights interactions between the segments. Viscoelastic modelsof seismic cycle appears to be the only way to understand these interactions.This PhD focused on two main axes, that will lead to the development of viscoelastic modelsof seismic cycle. The first part was dedicated to the study of postseismic deformation followingthe Maule earthquake. Therefore, we processed and analyzed very precisely GPS data in orderto extract the postseismic pattern and modeled it using the finite elements method. A combinedmodel of afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation in the asthenosphere and in a low viscosity channel,extending deep along the slab, can reproduce the complex deformation pattern, horizontaly and inverticaly. The amplitude and complexity of the near-field deformation result from aseismic slip onthe fault plane, while the great uplift of the Cordillera is reproduced by relaxation in the channel.The far field extension, up to 1600 km, entirely results from relaxation in the asthenosphere. Onthe other hand, the continuity of campaign measurements was the occasion to fill the ultimate gapof data, and thus estimate a continuous interseismic velocity field from the North of the Maulerupture zone up to North Chile. Finally, even if the final viscoelastic models of seismic cycle couldnot be processed yet, the present postseismic model already brings new insights on interactionsbetween the different segments of the Chilean interface, following the last Chilean earthquake.

Mätning av fotbollsspelares fysiska kapacitet har blivit allt vanligare och viktigare för att optimera spelarnas återhämtning och kapacitet, speciellt i slutet av matcherna i den så kallade kritiska fasen av en match. I dagens elitfotboll mäts spelarnas fysiska prestation med hjälp av global positioning systems (GPS). GPSerna har utvecklats enormt de senaste åren och kan i dag ta fram hundratals parametrar för tränare och spelare att analysera. På lägre nivåer finns inte samma möjligthet att använda GPSer, ofta på grund av eknomiska skäl, och fystester av olika sorter, bland annat agility T-test, används ofta för att mäta spelarnas fysiska kapacitet. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka om ett enkelt fystest, ett modifierat agility T-test (T3-test) korrelerar med fysiska matchparametrar inom fotbollen. Totalt i studien deltog 8 stycken manliga elitfotbollsspelare från ett svenskt seniorfotbollslag. Deltagarna bar STATSport Apex GPS-system en hel säsong, av vilket fem parametrars (total distans, höghastighetslöpningar, sprints, accelerationer och decelerationer) procentuella värde sista 15 minuterna i ordinarie matchtid (minut 75-90) i förhållande till hela matchens genomsnitt mättes och jämfördes sedan med deras prestation på T3-test. T3-testet utfördes i säsongens sista kvartal. Korrelationen analyerades genom Spearman’s rho korrelationsanalys. Resultatet från denna studie visade inga signifikanta korrelationer mellan de nämnda fysiska matchparametrarna och prestationen på T3-testet. Då studiens statistiska power var lågt på grund av otillräckligtdeltagarantalet, bör inga säkra slutsatser dras utifrån studiens resultat. Mer forskning av T3-test eller liknanden enkla fystester som prediktorer av fysisk matchkapacitet inom fotbollen krävs innan eventuell tillämpning i elitfotbollen bör säkerställas eller avvisas. / Measuring the physical capacity of football players has become more important in optimizing players' recovery and capacity, especially at the end of matches in the so-called critical phase of a match. In today's elite football, players' physical performance is measured using global positioning systems (GPS). The GPSs have developed enormously in recent years and can today produce hundreds of parameters for coaches and players to analyze. At lower levels, there is not the same possibility to use GPSs, often due to economic reasons, and fitness tests of various kinds, including agility T-test, are often used to measure players' physical capacity. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a simple fitness test, a modified agility T-test (T3-test) correlates with physical match parameters in football. A total of 8 male elite football players from a Swedish senior football team participated in the study. Participants wore the STATSport Apex GPS system for an entire season, of which five parameters (total distance, high-speed runs, sprints, accelerations and decelerations) percentage value in the last 15 minutes of regular match time (minutes 75-90) in relation to the entire match average were measured and compared with their performance on T3-test. The T3-test was performed in the last quarter of the season. The correlation was analyzed by Spearman's rho correlation analysis. The results from this study showed no significant correlations between the mentioned physical match parameters and the performance on the T3-test. As the statistical power of the study was low, due to insufficient number of participants, no definite conclusions should be drawn based on the results of the study.

This master's thesis describes the mobile application that provides the support to control the GSM/GPS alarms. Based on the possibilities of modern security equipment and mobile devices, the application adds new functionality for these alarms. This work mainly describes selecting the appropriate mobile platform, application designs and the independence on the specific alarm. In conclusion, the results and possible extension of the application are talked over.

The aim of this thesis is to innovate NCL 07 unit made by NAM system a.s. The new device is intended to have improved parameters and diminished dimensions. It should be fully comparable to similar products on market. In the first part there are described features and individual circuits of NCL07 unit. Further there is done an analysis to suggest modifications leading to reduce proportions of DPS and to enhance other parameters including SW design improvement. Theoretical part deals with selection of main measured values and methods of verification of measurement accuracy. There is also described theoretical basis used in the oncoming sections of the thesis. In the practical part there are presented procedures of designs of innovated product. In the conclusion there will be made testing of new unit and results will be compared to competitive commodities.

Result of this graduation theses is Geodynamic map of Moravia in scale 1:500 000. There were used available data from GPS measurements, seismic, geomorphologic and other data to construct map. Map is worked in GIS software. On the backround of researched data, there are determinated some locations, which are characterized by recent tectonic activity. These are analyzed for more detail.