O objeto deste trabalho será analisar criticamente a maneira como o direito conceitua a doação. Será dividido em três partes. O Capítulo I tratará dos diversos modos como a doação foi estruturada no direito romano, no direito francês, no direito italiano e no direito brasileiro, das razões para essa diversidade e possíveis críticas à estruturação atual. O Capítulo II cuidará dos critérios para delimitar a fattispecie da doação e distingui-la dos demais contratos gratuitos. Normalmente, a doutrina identifica um elemento objetivo e um elemento subjetivo como caracterizadores da doação. O Capítulo III problematizará esses elementos, a fim de indagar sobre a abrangência do conceito jurídico de doação, tendo como base dois aspectos: a possibilidade de a doação ter por objeto prestações de fazer e o papel atribuído ao chamado animus donandi. / The purpose of this thesis is to analize critically the legal concept of gift. It will be divided into three parts. Chapter I covers the different legal structuring of gifts in Roman Law, French Law, Italian Law and Brazilian Law. The chapter also covers the reasons for the existence of different concepts and possibile criticism of the actual structure of gifts. Chapter II deals with the criteria for defining a legal concept of gift and the distinction between gifts and other gratuitous contracts. Generally, legal science identifies an objective element and a subjective element as characteristic features of gifts. Chapter III discusses these elements focused on the magnitude of the legal concept of gift in accordance with two aspects: the possibility of gratuitous services to be considered gifts and the role assigned to the so-called animus donandi.

« Tout a ou bien un prix ou bien une dignité. On peut remplacer ce qui a un prix par un équivalent. En revanche, ce qui n’a pas de prix et donc pas d’équivalent, c’est ce qui possède une dignité». L’utilisation de la norme juridique comme fondement du principe de gratuité du don de sang ne répond pas à la question de savoir quel est le statut juridique du sang. Notre analyse rétrospective sur les prémices de la rémunération du don de sang permet de constater les carences juridiques relatives aux rapports dialectiques entre les personnes impliquées au don de sang. Notre réflexion consiste à démontrer en quoi le principe de gratuité du don de sang recommandé par le Conseil de l’Europe se légitime eu égard à l’objectif d’autosuffisance. Notre étude franco-allemande appréhende le principe de gratuité soumis aux enjeux antagonistes que soulève le don de sang. L’exigence de cette analyse juridique implique de tenir compte des facteurs pluridimensionnels d’ordre culturel, social, scientifique, économique. Le principe de gratuité révèle l’expression d’un choix « politico-juridique » et d’un juste arbitrage dans la hiérarchisation des valeurs et des priorités, plutôt que l’existence d’un statut juridique propre au produit sanguin.Nietzsche exposait déjà l’indissoluble dilemme car « dans l’éloge de la vertu on n’a jamais été bien désintéressé, on n’a jamais été bien altruiste». Nous démontrons l’intérêt de penser une certaine « médiété » entre les considérations éthiques très prononcées en France et les considérations industrielles et commerciales, capitales en Allemagne. De nouveaux aménagements juridiques ont ainsi été suggérés dans le cadre d’une alliance. / «Everything has either a price or a dignity.We can replace what has a price by an equivalent.On the other hand, the one which has no price, and therefore no equivalent, is the one which has a dignity.»Using the legal standard as the basis of the principle of free blood donation does not answer the question of what is the legal status of blood.However after a retrospective analysis of the beginnings of the remuneration of blood donation, the legal deficiencies on dialectical relationship between the people involved in the therapeutic use of blood donation are highlighted.Thus our discussion is to demonstrate how the principle of free blood donation recommended by the Council of Europe member states is legitimate in view of the goal of self-sufficiency.Our franco-german comparative study captures the principle of gratuity subject to conflicting issues raised by blood donation.To identify the requirements of the legal analysis, the multidimensional economic, cultural, social, scientific factors must consubstantially be taken into account.The principle of gratuity reveals the expression of a «political and legal» choice and arbitration in the hierarchy of values and priorities, rather than the existence of a legal status specific to blood product.Nietzsche had already outlined the indissoluble dilemma as «in the praise of virtue, people have never been very disinterested, they have never been good altruists.»We demonstrate the benefit of thinking a kind of «mediatedness» between the highly pronounced ethical considerations in France, and the industrial and commercial considerations, capital in Germany.New legal arrangements have been suggested within a franco-german alliance.

O objeto deste trabalho será analisar criticamente a maneira como o direito conceitua a doação. Será dividido em três partes. O Capítulo I tratará dos diversos modos como a doação foi estruturada no direito romano, no direito francês, no direito italiano e no direito brasileiro, das razões para essa diversidade e possíveis críticas à estruturação atual. O Capítulo II cuidará dos critérios para delimitar a fattispecie da doação e distingui-la dos demais contratos gratuitos. Normalmente, a doutrina identifica um elemento objetivo e um elemento subjetivo como caracterizadores da doação. O Capítulo III problematizará esses elementos, a fim de indagar sobre a abrangência do conceito jurídico de doação, tendo como base dois aspectos: a possibilidade de a doação ter por objeto prestações de fazer e o papel atribuído ao chamado animus donandi. / The purpose of this thesis is to analize critically the legal concept of gift. It will be divided into three parts. Chapter I covers the different legal structuring of gifts in Roman Law, French Law, Italian Law and Brazilian Law. The chapter also covers the reasons for the existence of different concepts and possibile criticism of the actual structure of gifts. Chapter II deals with the criteria for defining a legal concept of gift and the distinction between gifts and other gratuitous contracts. Generally, legal science identifies an objective element and a subjective element as characteristic features of gifts. Chapter III discusses these elements focused on the magnitude of the legal concept of gift in accordance with two aspects: the possibility of gratuitous services to be considered gifts and the role assigned to the so-called animus donandi.

Compensation is the remuneration which workers receive for their services or contributions to the organisation. The literature reviewed showed that compensation packages have relationship with workers’ motivation, job satisfaction, attraction and retention. On this basis, this study established a conceptual framework based on equity theory and used it to examine how compensation might be influencing workers’ motivation, job satisfaction, attraction and retention in the Ministry of Works and Transport of Jigawa State of Nigeria. The dependent variables considered in this study are limited to salary, allowance, gratuity, and pension as independent variables while the corresponding motivation, job satisfaction, attraction and retention are the dependent variables. The Positivist paradigm guided this empirical research; which holds the principle that knowledge is arrived at through the gathering of facts that provide the basis of laws. Thus, a quantitative research design was employed. A questionnaire was developed, pilot-tested and administered to gather data on workers’ motivation, job satisfaction, attraction and retention regarding four job compensable aspects, namely: salary, allowances, gratuity and pension. A total of 265 questionnaires were administered and 260 were collected through the early and late response technique. This represents a response rate of 98%. The respondents were selected using the stratified random sampling technique. The data collected was analysed using both descriptive statistics and structural equation modelling. The findings revealed that gratuity and allowance do positively and significantly influence workers’ motivation whereas salary and pension have no impact on workers’ motivation. Likewise, gratuity and pension do positively and significantly influence workers’ job satisfaction while salary and allowance have no impact on the job satisfaction of workers. Further, gratuity and pension do positively and significantly influence workers’ retention while salary and allowance have no impact on the retention of workers. Moreover, salary, gratuity and pension do positively and significantly influence workers’ attraction while allowance has no influence on the attraction of public construction workers in Jigawa state of Nigeria. Consequently, a framework was developed to reflect the factors that emerged for improving the motivation, job satisfaction, attraction and retention of the and equally address the pay disparity in Jigawa state. 67 respondents who participated in the main study were administered a second questionnaire to validate the framework. The subsequent findings revealed that the framework was relevant and could serve as a guide towards enhancing compensation practices and policies in the Ministry of Works and Transport. Thus, this study and its framework offer important policy recommendation to the Jigawa state government such as introducing new or improving the existing compensation packages of their workers.

No description available.

Submitted by Mariana Dornelles Vargas (marianadv) on 2015-03-20T16:56:17Z No. of bitstreams: 1 impactos_decorrentes.pdf: 940610 bytes, checksum: 7e73e51eadcb0e1963d6ea26a8cdb6be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-20T16:56:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 impactos_decorrentes.pdf: 940610 bytes, checksum: 7e73e51eadcb0e1963d6ea26a8cdb6be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-08-24 / Nenhuma / Este estudo busca identificar qual o tratamento contábil dado às gratuidades praticadas pelas entidades beneficentes de assistência social, mediante pesquisa documental de trinta e seis demonstrações contábeis publicadas no Jornal do Comércio, veiculadas no mês de abril do ano de 2009. Concomitantemente, analisaram-se dezessete recursos administrativos emitidos por auditores da Receita Previdenciária do Brasil, onde foram apontadas inconformidades contábeis, as quais resultaram no indeferimento do Certificado de Entidade Beneficente de Assistência Social. Para a fundamentação teórica deste estudo, buscou-se o conceito de gratuidades a partir da ciência social e do histórico da prática da assistência social no Brasil. Sob o ponto de vista da teoria contábil, a gratuidade foi analisada como sendo uma despesa, uma dedução de receita, pela confrontação da receita com a despesa e seu registro em conta do grupo de compensado. Da análise dos dados obtidos nas demonstrações contábeis, se tem que o cumprimento da legislação fiscal está presente na maioria delas, enquanto que a norma contábil emitida pelo Conselho Federal de Contabilidade não foi cumprida em sua integralidade em nenhuma das demonstrações publicadas. / This study aims at identifying the accounting approach given to gratuities granted by nonprofit organizations of social welfare through the documented survey of thirty-six financial statements published on "Jornal do Comércio", in the edition of April, 2009 .At the same time, seventeen administrative appeals issued by the Brazilian Welfare Revenue auditors were analyzed and accounting discrepancies were appointed, causing the Certificate of Beneficial Institution of Social Welfare to be dismissed. The concept of gratuities seen from the Social Science point of view, as well as the path of social work practice in Brazil was sought for the theoretical underlying of this study. From the accounting theory viewpoint, gratuity was analyzed as an expense - a revenue deduction - by comparing revenue and expense, as well as accounting it for in the compensating group. Analyzing the data obtained from the financial statements, one can see that most of them comply with the fiscal law, whereas the accounting standard fulfillment, issued by the Federal Council of Accounting, has not been fully carried out in any of the published statements.

Submitted by William Justo Figueiro (williamjf) on 2015-07-08T23:20:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 16b.pdf: 6895815 bytes, checksum: 155aa161150aec8c3be9ec36e98c8174 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-08T23:20:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 16b.pdf: 6895815 bytes, checksum: 155aa161150aec8c3be9ec36e98c8174 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-21 / Nenhuma / O objeto desta pesquisa é a tensão entre o fenômeno mercantil, que movimenta produção e consumo de materialidades na cultura evangélica, e as suas referências religiosas. Questionamos em que sentido podemos entender a emergência de uma indústria cultural evangélica como fenômeno de midiatização da religião, e que funções distintas são exercidas por seus produtos no campo religioso. Nossa hipótese de trabalho manifesta uma tensão espiritual, fruto da inserção de um grupo religioso no mundo dos objetos. Teoricamente, mobilizamos proposições sobre a midiatização e sobre a industria cultural. Nessa situação o escopo será verificar manifestações do esvaziamento kenótico e das dialéticas de sublimação e de dessublimação na esfera da cultura religiosa. A metodologia da pesquisa empreende um esforço pela superação das visadas sobre a dominação pela técnica. O corpus reúne produtos muito diversificados, organizados em categorias que revelam ações específicas. Considerando os processos de midiatização da sociedade, percebemos a autonomização do gospel em relação ao campo religioso originário. A produção cultural evangélica aciona operações de instituições distintas; eclesiásticas, econômicas; artísticas. Contudo, é organizada pelo gospel, que centraliza todas as suas disposições. Uma delas, em especial, é bastante simples, e garante o contato de circularidade entre os atores da indústria: evangélicos criam para evangélicos. Nossa pesquisa delineia uma situação social indeterminada, fecunda para produzir inferências sobre a mudança de contextos das instituições pelos processos de midiatização da sociedade. Percebemos essa transformação pelo enfrentamento do campo religioso com o midiático, históricos concorrentes no mister de explicação geral do mundo. / The object of this research is the tension between the market phenomenon, that moves production and consumption of materialities in the evangelical culture, and its religious references. We question in what ways can we understand the emergency of an evangelical cultural industry as a phenomenon of midiatized religion, and which distinct functions are performed by its products in the religious field. Our work hypothesis manifests a spiritual tension, product of the insertion of a religious group in the world of objects. Theoretically, we mobilize propositions about midiatization and cultural industry. In this situation, the scoop will be to verify manifestations of kenotic deflation and of the sublimation and desublimation dialetics in the sphere of religious culture. The research methodology takes an effort to overcome the views about the domination by technique. The corpus gathers very diverse products, organized in categories that reveal specific actions. Considering the midiatization processes in society, we perceive the empowerment of the gospel movement in relation to its original religious field. The evangelical cultural production covers operations from distinct institutions; religious, economical, artistic. It is, nevertheless, organized by the gospel culture, that centralizes all its dispositions. One of them, in particular, is pretty simple, and guarantees the circularity contact among the actors in the industry: evangelicals create for evangelicals. Our research delineates an undetermined social situation, fruitful for making inferences over the context change of the institutions by the midiatization processes in society. We see this transformation by the coping of the religious with the mediatic field, historical competitors in the role of general world explanation.

La libéralité à caractère collectif est destinée à la collectivité ou à un groupe de personnes. Elle est au service d’une oeuvre, d’une cause. Profitant à des personnes physiques indéterminées et non individualisées, elle ne peut être réalisée directement. Pour atteindre son but, elle fait intervenir une personne juridique, le plus souvent une personne morale de droit public ou de droit privé à but non lucratif. Par le truchement de la personne morale, la libéralité profite aux bénéficiaires de l’oeuvre du groupement : du cercle de ses membres à un groupe de personnes, voire à la collectivité tout entière.Les mécanismes permettant de réaliser une libéralité à caractère collectif sont divers et pour certains la qualification libérale leur est refusée. Ils peuvent être regroupés en deux catégories selon le rôle joué par le bienfaiteur : une fondation, si l’oeuvre est initiée par lui ; une libéralité-participation, si le bienfaiteur vient soutenir une oeuvre déjà existante. À l’image des mécanismes, les techniques employées sont variées que l’acte repose sur une simple libéralité avec charge ou de façon plus originale sur une fiducie aux fins de libéralité ou un engagement unilatéral de volonté. Malgré cette diversité, des caractères communs transcendent la catégorie des libéralités à caractère collectif : elles sont affectées et intéressées. La notion de libéralité à caractère collectif délimitée, il est alors possible de mettre un peu d’ordre dans les règles qui s’y appliquent. À l’heure actuelle, celles-ci sont tout à la fois éparpillées, lacunaires et inopportunes. Le régime des libéralités à caractère collectif doit donc être repensé en tenant compte de leurs spécificités. / A liberality of a collective nature is aimed at the community, or at a group of people. It is to benefit a cause. Because it benefits undetermined and not individualized natural persons, this kind of liberality cannot be carried out directly. In order to reach its goal, it includes a juridical person, most often a notforprofit legal person of public law or private law.Through the legal person, the liberality benefits the beneficiaries of the grouping’s cause: these beneficiaries may be the members of grouping, to another group of people, or even to the wholecommunity. The ways to carry out a liberality of a collective nature are numerous and some of themare denied the designation of “liberality”. Two sorts of ways may be distinguished, according to the role played by the benefactor: either a Foundation, if the cause it initiated by the benefactor; or a liberality-participation, if the benefactor contributes to an existing cause. The techniques are varied:the operation may be based on a liberality with a charge, or more originally on a fiducia aimed at a liberality, or on a commitment by unilateral will. In spite of this diversity, liberalities of a collective nature have common features: they are earmarked and for-profit. Once the notion of liberality is mapped out, it becomes possible to sort out the rules that apply to it. Currently, these rules are scattered, insufficient and improper. The rules governing the liberalities of a collective nature must be redesigned by taking into consideration their specific nature.

Submitted by Noeme Timbo (noeme.timbo@metodista.br) on 2016-08-25T22:23:36Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GISELA2.pdf: 3610929 bytes, checksum: 92c6ce26ead483046230da7265a5ab96 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-25T22:23:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GISELA2.pdf: 3610929 bytes, checksum: 92c6ce26ead483046230da7265a5ab96 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-09-25 / This work, initially based on the analysis of some documents related to the current Brazilian educational legislation aims to develop an investigation about the applicability of the student assistance within the Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of São Paulo (IFSP). Based on the right to education of every citizen, which our Constitution guarantees, the Government created in 2010, the National Student Assistance Program (PNAES). Supported by this Program, the IFSP created in 2011, the Student Assistance Program (SAP), giving validity and continuity to the actions developed in Campi to minimize evasion and school failure, in order to ensure the permanence of the students in that Institute. Although SAP has been implemented in all Campi of IFSP, this work aims to analyze and study specifically the Campus Cubatão, located in the Santos region because, among others, this has been the first decentralized unit of the Federal Institutes of the country. In this study, our goal is to analyze the operating structure of the IFSP with the specific intention of investigating the Campus of Cubatão. Also checking the Social Vulnerability issues found in this renowned institution and investigating the actions of PAE born of PNAES, observing the applicability of this program based on the principle of Active Gratuity and the right to education of every citizen. Therefore, we use fundamentally, not only the aforementioned legislation, but also the principle Melchior´s Active Gratuity (2011) and the concept of social vulnerability proposed by Alves (1994) and Abramovay (2002). / Este trabalho realizado, inicialmente, com base na análise de alguns documentos referentes à legislação educacional brasileira vigente tem por objetivo desenvolver uma investigação acerca da aplicabilidade da Assistência Estudantil dentro do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de São Paulo (IFSP). A partir da questão do Direito à Educação de todo cidadão, que está garantido em nossa Constituição Federal, o governo elaborou, no ano de 2010, o Programa Nacional de Assistência Estudantil (PNAES). Respaldados nesse Programa, o IFSP criou, em 2011, o Programa de Assistência Estudantil (PAE), dando validade e continuidade às ações desenvolvidas nos Campi para minimizar a evasão e o fracasso escolar, com vistas a garantir a permanência dos educandos no referido Instituto. Embora o PAE tenha sido implementado em todos os Campi do IFSP, no decorrer do presente trabalho analisamos e estudamos, exclusivamente, o Campus Cubatão, localizado na região da Baixada Santista devido a, dentre outros fatores, ter sido a primeira unidade descentralizada dos Institutos Federais do país. Assim, neste estudo, temos como objetivo analisar a estrutura de funcionamento do IFSP com o intuito específico de investigar o Campus de Cubatão, verificar as questões de Vulnerabilidade Social encontradas na destacada instituição, averiguar as ações do PAE que nascem do PNAES, observar a aplicabilidade desse programa com base no princípio da Gratuidade Ativa e do Direito à Educação de todo cidadão. Para tanto, utilizamos, fundamentalmente, além da legislação já mencionada, o princípio da Gratuidade Ativa de Melchior (2011) e o conceito de Vulnerabilidade Social proposto por Alves (1994) e por Abramovay (2002).

Inicialmente buscou-se traçar o arcabouço teórico sobre o qual seria analisado o objeto do trabalho, os reflexos da carência econômica sobre as potencialidades de acesso à justiça. Este alicerce consistiu em pontuar a linha evolutiva do caráter da função jurisdicional desde os lindes do Estado Liberal, passando ao Estado do Bem-Estar Social e culminando no Estado Pós-Social, com o principal enfoque no caráter que a garantia de acesso à justiça recebeu em cada um destes contextos. Foram tratados temas paralelos, como a questão do conhecimento acerca dos direitos, bem como a eliminação de custas, solução bastante alvitrada por alguns, intensamente rechaçada por outros. Depois passou-se à averiguação dos reflexos que a disparidade de condição econômica das partes causa sobre a igualdade destas no processo, e o instrumental conferido ao juiz para a correção das distorções, seguindo-se com o enquadramento da assistência jurídica no quadro de garantias processuais que constitui o que se denomina na doutrina processo justo e équo. Foram realizadas as distinções básicas ente assistência jurídica; assistência judiciária e justiça gratuita. Fez-se ainda uma breve análise de direito comparado, com alguns elementos históricos, concluindo-se com a indicação de pontos que poderiam ser eficazmente aplicados ao sistema brasileiro. Entra-se então pela segunda parte do trabalho, voltada para a práxis, e que se prende primordialmente na análise do direito positivo brasileiro naquilo que concerne à assistência ao carente no exercício da garantia constitucional de acesso à justiça. Ao final são apresentadas de forma pontuada as conclusões gerais. / Initially we tried to trace the theoretical framework on which the object of the work would be analyzed, the effects of poverty over the possibilities of access to justice. This foundation was to point the evolution of the character of judicial function from the Liberal State, to the Welfare State and ending in Pos Welfare State, focusing most on the character of access to justice guarantee in each context. Parallel subjects were explored, like the question of knowledge about rights, as also the elimination of judicial fees, solution indeed defended by some, and intensely rejected by others. Following we searched the effects of economic disparity of the parts over the equality of them in lawsuit, and the instruments given to the judge to correct this distortions, concluding with the contextualization of legal aid in face of procedural guarantees that form what doctrine calls fair and equal trial. There were made the basic distinctions between legal aid in consulting; providing counselors and gratuity from fees. There is a small analysis of comparative law, including some historical elements, concluding with the pointing out of some suggestions that could be profitable in Brazilian system. We enter the second half of the work, facing the praxis, specially analyzing Brazilian law system concerning legal aid in exercising the constitutional right of access to justice. At the end, the general conclusions are presented in topics.