The world is increasingly urbanizing with approximately 54% of the world population livingin cities (Langemeyer, 2015). This number is expected to rise to 66% by 2050 (UN, 2014),which means that urbanized areas will expand in size with an additional 2.5 billion new urbaninhabitants (Langemeyer, 2015). Studies show that urban expansion has the effect ofdecreasing, fragmenting, and isolating natural patches by altering the size, shape, andinterconnectivity of the natural landscape (Ricketts, 2001; Alberti, 2005). The consequentloss and degradation of urban and peri-urban green/blue space and elements couldadversely affect ecosystem and its services as well as human health and well-being.Through literature review, the concepts of urban ecosystem services and green-blueinfrastructures are introduced, as well as the main design principles for green-blueinfrastructures. The thesis also briefly introduces urban policies and implementation throughcase study with a focus on Malmö city. Meanwhile, the thesis discusses how the planninginstruments of Green Space Factor and Green Points are used in the Bo01 project and howthey contributed to promote ecosystem services in built environment.Through literature review and case study, the aim of this thesis is to collect design solutionsthat can be used as inspiration and guidance to promote urban ecosystem services throughgreen-blue infrastructures in built environments at different scales.

The world is increasingly urbanizing with approximately 54% of the world population livingin cities (Langemeyer, 2015). This number is expected to rise to 66% by 2050 (UN, 2014),which means that urbanized areas will expand in size with an additional 2.5 billion new urbaninhabitants (Langemeyer, 2015). Studies show that urban expansion has the effect ofdecreasing, fragmenting, and isolating natural patches by altering the size, shape, andinterconnectivity of the natural landscape (Ricketts, 2001; Alberti, 2005). The consequentloss and degradation of urban and peri-urban green/blue space and elements couldadversely affect ecosystem and its services as well as human health and well-being.Through literature review, the concepts of urban ecosystem services and green-blueinfrastructures are introduced, as well as the main design principles for green-blueinfrastructures. The thesis also briefly introduces urban policies and implementation throughcase study with a focus on Malmö city. Meanwhile, the thesis discusses how the planninginstruments of Green Space Factor and Green Points are used in the Bo01 project and howthey contributed to promote ecosystem services in built environment.Through literature review and case study, the aim of this thesis is to collect design solutionsthat can be used as inspiration and guidance to promote urban ecosystem services throughgreen-blue infrastructures in built environments at different scales.

Greenery in towns and cities are an important part of our lives and influences us in many positive ways. In the Czech Republic, the establishment, restoration and maintenance of public green areas within the competence of municipalities. As with every other public service there arises a problem with the quantity and quality of its provision. This paper deals with the relationships that developed in 2011 between spending on public greenery and various parameters of the municipalities. These relations are implemented by means of two hypotheses. The first is based on economies of scale, and assumes that the larger the municipality, the smaller expenses should be provided for public green areas per inhabitant. The second hypothesis is based on the work of Carruthers and Úlfarsson (2008) and says that a higher the population density reduces the per capita expenditures of city govenments. The validity assessment of the hypotheses is done by use of the statistical method of regression analysis. This, however, did not confirm the validity of any of them. Thus there is no indirect relationship between the size of the municipality or population density and public expenditures on green areas per capita. The reason why there is no relationship lies primarily in the great freedom of decision-making of individual municipalities, as far as public green is concerned.

O uso de vegetação nas superfícies urbanas tem despertado a atenção de pesquisadores, empreendedores e da população em geral, pelos benefícios que pode proporcionar às construções, geralmente como coberturas e fachadas verdes. Comparadas às coberturas, as fachadas verdes podem representar maiores superfícies em edifícios altos de áreas densamente ocupadas, incrementando massa foliar e trocas térmicas úmidas no entorno imediato, contribuindo para o balanço de energia nas áreas urbanas. Neste trabalho realizaram-se levantamentos da inclusão das paredes verdes nas políticas públicas, das diferentes tecnologias de paredes verdes, além de estudos de desempenho microclimático de paredes verdes. Há uma série de trabalhos quantificando o efeito das superfícies verdes no desempenho térmico dos edifícios, sabendo-se pouco sobre seus efeitos microclimáticos urbanos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é quantificar o impacto das fachadas verdes no microclima urbano no nível do pedestre, considerando as variáveis temperatura e umidade do ar, temperatura de superfície e temperatura média radiante. Em função das restrições e recursos do modelo ENVI-met, adotado neste estudo, a pesquisa incluiu, inicialmente, um método dedutivo, exploratório, através de medições de densidade foliar da vegetação do tipo escaladora e monitoramento de alguns dados microclimáticos em uma fachada verde. Na etapa seguinte o método é indutivo, realizando-se testes de sensibilidade do modelo em cenário hipotético, variando-se índice de área foliar (IAF 0,5m²/m², 1m²/m² e 2m²/m²) e umidade do solo (50% e 60%). As conclusões confirmam o efeito microclimático bastante localizado da parede verde do tipo escaladora e um comportamento distinto nos períodos diurno e noturno, como acontece em outras formas de inserção do verde em áreas urbanas. À noite, na ausência da evapotranspiração, o resfriamento é mais influenciado pela troca convectiva. Durante o dia percebe-se o efeito da evapotranspiração no ligeiro aumento da umidade do ar em 1,0g/kg, à temperatura do ar de 26°C, e na diminuição da temperatura do ar, em ambos os casos quando comparadas ao cenário sem vegetação, em 0,17°C, 0,36°C e 0,68°C com os incrementos sucessivos do IAF, para umidade do solo 50%, às 14h, principalmente a sotavento. Os efeitos da vegetação na temperatura radiante média são bastante localizados, tornando sua influência praticamente imperceptível no microclima exterior sob o efeito da radiação solar, apesar dos incrementos do IAF. O incremento na umidade do solo, de 50% para 60%, resulta em aumento da evapotranspiração provocando redução máxima de cerca de 0,36°C na temperatura do ar a 1,5m do solo, para o mesmo IAF. O sombreamento provocado pela vegetação resulta em variação insignificante na TRM mesmo com o aumento na umidade relativa do solo, para o mesmo IAF. Os testes de sensibilidade mostram que o modelo é adequado para realização de estudos mais aprofundados, justificando o investimento em pesquisas futuras visando à calibração entre dados microclimáticos medidos e simulados para paredes verdes em clima tropical e subtropical e à simulação microclimática de áreas urbanas com o uso dessa tecnologia. / The use of greenery on urban surfaces, normally green roofs or green facades has attracted the attention of researchers, entrepreneurs and the population in general for its benefits to buildings. Compared to green roofs, green facades may represent higher surfaces in tall buildings of densely occupied areas, increasing foliage mass and latent heat exchanges for the immediate environment, contributing to energy balance in urban areas. With a focus on green walls, this work carried out investigations about their inclusion in public policies, green walls\' technologies and microclimate performance studies. Despite the existence of numerous papers quantifying the effect of green surfaces on the thermal performance of buildings, there is limited available knowledge regarding their effects on urban microclimate. In this context, the aim of this work is to quantify the impact of green façades on urban microclimate at pedestrian level, considering the variables air temperature, air humidity, surface temperature, and mean radiant temperature. Based on the restrictions and resources of the ENVI-met model, which was adopted in this study, the research initially included a deductive exploratory method through measurements of leaf area density of climbing plants and monitoring of some microclimatic data at a green façade. In the next stage, the method was inductive, with sensitivity tests of the model in a hypothetical scenario, varying the leaf area index (LAI 0.5m²/m², 1m²/m² and 2m²/m²) and soil humidity (50% and 60%). The results confirm the localized microclimatic effects of the climbing green wall and a distinct behaviour between daytime and night time, equivalent to those caused by other forms of greenery in urban areas. At night, with the lack of evapotranspiration, cooling is more influenced by convective exchange. The effect of evapotranspiration is clearly perceived during the day due to a) the slight increase in air humidity by 1.0 g/kg at a temperature of 26°C, and b) the decrease of air temperature, when compared to the scenario without vegetation, of 0.17 °C, 0.36 °C and 0.68 °C (for LAI=0,5m²/m², 1,00m²/m² and 2,0m²/m²), for a 50% soil humidity, mainly in the leeward direction. The effects of greenery on mean radiant temperature, despite the LAI increase, are quite localized, making its influence practically imperceptible on the outdoor microclimate under the effect of solar radiation. The increase of soil humidity from 50% to 60% results in increased evapotranspiration leading to a maximum reduction around 0.36 °C on air temperature, at 1.5 m from ground level, for the same LAI. Vegetation shading results in insignificant variation in mean radiant temperature. Sensitivity tests show that the model is suitable for further studies, justifying an investment in future research aiming at calibration between measured and simulated microclimate data for green walls in tropical and subtropical climates and the microclimatic simulation of urban areas with green walls\' technology.

Este trabalho apresenta uma plataforma para coleta e análise de imagens urbanas, que integra Interfaces de Programação de Aplicativos \"Application Programming Interfaces\" (APIs) de sistemas de busca de imagens, Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIGs), mapas digitais e técnicas de visão computacional. Esta plataforma, INACITY, permite que usuários selecionem regiões de interesse e capturem elementos de relevância para a arquitetura urbana, como, por exemplo árvores e buracos em ruas. A implementação da plataforma foi feita de maneira a permitir que novos módulos possam ser facilmente incluídos ou substituídos possibilitando a introdução de outras APIs de mapas, SIGs e filtros de Visão Computacional. Foram realizados experimentos com as imagens obtidas através do \"Google Street View\" onde árvores são capturadas em áreas de bairros inteiros em questão de minutos, um ganho significativo quando comparado com o procedimento manual para levantamento deste tipo de dado. Além disso, também são apresentados resultados comparativos entre os métodos de visão computacional propostos para a detecção de árvores em imagens com outros métodos heurísticos, em um conjunto onde as árvores estão marcadas manualmente e assim as taxas de precisão e de redescoberta de cada algoritmo podem ser avaliadas e comparadas. / This project presents a platform that integrates Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), image retrieval systems, Geographical Information Systems (GISes), digital maps and Computer Vision techniques to collect and analyse urban images. The platform, INACITY (an acronym for INvestigate and Analyse a City), empowers users allowing them to select a region over a map and see urban features inside that region that have relevance to the urban architecture context, for instance trees. The implementation is extensible and it is designed to make it easy to add or replace new modules, for instance, to add a new API to present a map, different GISes and other Computer Vision filters.

O uso de vegetação nas superfícies urbanas tem despertado a atenção de pesquisadores, empreendedores e da população em geral, pelos benefícios que pode proporcionar às construções, geralmente como coberturas e fachadas verdes. Comparadas às coberturas, as fachadas verdes podem representar maiores superfícies em edifícios altos de áreas densamente ocupadas, incrementando massa foliar e trocas térmicas úmidas no entorno imediato, contribuindo para o balanço de energia nas áreas urbanas. Neste trabalho realizaram-se levantamentos da inclusão das paredes verdes nas políticas públicas, das diferentes tecnologias de paredes verdes, além de estudos de desempenho microclimático de paredes verdes. Há uma série de trabalhos quantificando o efeito das superfícies verdes no desempenho térmico dos edifícios, sabendo-se pouco sobre seus efeitos microclimáticos urbanos. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste trabalho é quantificar o impacto das fachadas verdes no microclima urbano no nível do pedestre, considerando as variáveis temperatura e umidade do ar, temperatura de superfície e temperatura média radiante. Em função das restrições e recursos do modelo ENVI-met, adotado neste estudo, a pesquisa incluiu, inicialmente, um método dedutivo, exploratório, através de medições de densidade foliar da vegetação do tipo escaladora e monitoramento de alguns dados microclimáticos em uma fachada verde. Na etapa seguinte o método é indutivo, realizando-se testes de sensibilidade do modelo em cenário hipotético, variando-se índice de área foliar (IAF 0,5m²/m², 1m²/m² e 2m²/m²) e umidade do solo (50% e 60%). As conclusões confirmam o efeito microclimático bastante localizado da parede verde do tipo escaladora e um comportamento distinto nos períodos diurno e noturno, como acontece em outras formas de inserção do verde em áreas urbanas. À noite, na ausência da evapotranspiração, o resfriamento é mais influenciado pela troca convectiva. Durante o dia percebe-se o efeito da evapotranspiração no ligeiro aumento da umidade do ar em 1,0g/kg, à temperatura do ar de 26°C, e na diminuição da temperatura do ar, em ambos os casos quando comparadas ao cenário sem vegetação, em 0,17°C, 0,36°C e 0,68°C com os incrementos sucessivos do IAF, para umidade do solo 50%, às 14h, principalmente a sotavento. Os efeitos da vegetação na temperatura radiante média são bastante localizados, tornando sua influência praticamente imperceptível no microclima exterior sob o efeito da radiação solar, apesar dos incrementos do IAF. O incremento na umidade do solo, de 50% para 60%, resulta em aumento da evapotranspiração provocando redução máxima de cerca de 0,36°C na temperatura do ar a 1,5m do solo, para o mesmo IAF. O sombreamento provocado pela vegetação resulta em variação insignificante na TRM mesmo com o aumento na umidade relativa do solo, para o mesmo IAF. Os testes de sensibilidade mostram que o modelo é adequado para realização de estudos mais aprofundados, justificando o investimento em pesquisas futuras visando à calibração entre dados microclimáticos medidos e simulados para paredes verdes em clima tropical e subtropical e à simulação microclimática de áreas urbanas com o uso dessa tecnologia. / The use of greenery on urban surfaces, normally green roofs or green facades has attracted the attention of researchers, entrepreneurs and the population in general for its benefits to buildings. Compared to green roofs, green facades may represent higher surfaces in tall buildings of densely occupied areas, increasing foliage mass and latent heat exchanges for the immediate environment, contributing to energy balance in urban areas. With a focus on green walls, this work carried out investigations about their inclusion in public policies, green walls\' technologies and microclimate performance studies. Despite the existence of numerous papers quantifying the effect of green surfaces on the thermal performance of buildings, there is limited available knowledge regarding their effects on urban microclimate. In this context, the aim of this work is to quantify the impact of green façades on urban microclimate at pedestrian level, considering the variables air temperature, air humidity, surface temperature, and mean radiant temperature. Based on the restrictions and resources of the ENVI-met model, which was adopted in this study, the research initially included a deductive exploratory method through measurements of leaf area density of climbing plants and monitoring of some microclimatic data at a green façade. In the next stage, the method was inductive, with sensitivity tests of the model in a hypothetical scenario, varying the leaf area index (LAI 0.5m²/m², 1m²/m² and 2m²/m²) and soil humidity (50% and 60%). The results confirm the localized microclimatic effects of the climbing green wall and a distinct behaviour between daytime and night time, equivalent to those caused by other forms of greenery in urban areas. At night, with the lack of evapotranspiration, cooling is more influenced by convective exchange. The effect of evapotranspiration is clearly perceived during the day due to a) the slight increase in air humidity by 1.0 g/kg at a temperature of 26°C, and b) the decrease of air temperature, when compared to the scenario without vegetation, of 0.17 °C, 0.36 °C and 0.68 °C (for LAI=0,5m²/m², 1,00m²/m² and 2,0m²/m²), for a 50% soil humidity, mainly in the leeward direction. The effects of greenery on mean radiant temperature, despite the LAI increase, are quite localized, making its influence practically imperceptible on the outdoor microclimate under the effect of solar radiation. The increase of soil humidity from 50% to 60% results in increased evapotranspiration leading to a maximum reduction around 0.36 °C on air temperature, at 1.5 m from ground level, for the same LAI. Vegetation shading results in insignificant variation in mean radiant temperature. Sensitivity tests show that the model is suitable for further studies, justifying an investment in future research aiming at calibration between measured and simulated microclimate data for green walls in tropical and subtropical climates and the microclimatic simulation of urban areas with green walls\' technology.

Este trabalho apresenta uma plataforma para coleta e análise de imagens urbanas, que integra Interfaces de Programação de Aplicativos \"Application Programming Interfaces\" (APIs) de sistemas de busca de imagens, Sistemas de Informações Geográficas (SIGs), mapas digitais e técnicas de visão computacional. Esta plataforma, INACITY, permite que usuários selecionem regiões de interesse e capturem elementos de relevância para a arquitetura urbana, como, por exemplo árvores e buracos em ruas. A implementação da plataforma foi feita de maneira a permitir que novos módulos possam ser facilmente incluídos ou substituídos possibilitando a introdução de outras APIs de mapas, SIGs e filtros de Visão Computacional. Foram realizados experimentos com as imagens obtidas através do \"Google Street View\" onde árvores são capturadas em áreas de bairros inteiros em questão de minutos, um ganho significativo quando comparado com o procedimento manual para levantamento deste tipo de dado. Além disso, também são apresentados resultados comparativos entre os métodos de visão computacional propostos para a detecção de árvores em imagens com outros métodos heurísticos, em um conjunto onde as árvores estão marcadas manualmente e assim as taxas de precisão e de redescoberta de cada algoritmo podem ser avaliadas e comparadas. / This project presents a platform that integrates Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), image retrieval systems, Geographical Information Systems (GISes), digital maps and Computer Vision techniques to collect and analyse urban images. The platform, INACITY (an acronym for INvestigate and Analyse a City), empowers users allowing them to select a region over a map and see urban features inside that region that have relevance to the urban architecture context, for instance trees. The implementation is extensible and it is designed to make it easy to add or replace new modules, for instance, to add a new API to present a map, different GISes and other Computer Vision filters.

The main objective of the proposal, processed in the thesis is editing the waterfront in the selected area Husovice and change the purpose of the current premises of the former Mosilana. The Island defined from the east River Svitava and from the west Mlýnský náhon offer housing funktion, possibilities of recreation in the public space with city character, as well as the public space with natural character. The former area Mosilana serve as a new commercial center with several smaller squares, shops, restaurants, café, information center, newspaper, studios, workshops, exhibition spaces, galleries and views of significant element - Svitava. Emphasis is put on the biking and walking trails on the right embankment of the river Svitavy. Also important is the arrangement of street Valchařská.

Den Blomstrande staden inleds med hypotesen att det finns många tomma butikslokaler i Malmö idag. Främsta anledningen är att allt färre personer köper saker i fysiska butiker då konsumtionen förflyttas online. Med flera tomma lokaler i staden blir den oattraktiv och riskerar att ödeläggas, vilket försämrar livskvaliteten för dess invånare. Syftet med detta arbete är att ta fram förslag på vad de tomma butikslokalerna i Malmös stadskärna och kringliggande köpcenter - kan få för nya användningsområden. Användningsområden som är hållbara socialt, ekologiskt och ekonomiskt. Vikten av närhet till växtlighet i byggd miljö är ett kunskapsläge som används genom hela arbetet då grönska är essentiellt för både människors och miljöns välmående. Arbetet utgår från frågeställningen: Hur kan tomma butikslokaler, tidigare avsedda för konsumtion som visat sig ohållbar - omvandlas till platser som främjar social, ekologisk och ekonomisk hållbarhet? Den blomstrande staden tog form genom platsanalyser med tre olika syften: kartläggning av tomma butikslokaler, analys av inspirerande verksamheter och slutligen - analys av plats att omgestalta. I kartläggningen sammanställdes antalet tomma butikslokaler i Malmös stadskärna och kringliggande köpcenter, som ett underlag - för att få en uppfattning om hur många det faktiskt rör sig om.  I nästa fas utfördes platsanalys nummer två: Inspirerande verksamheter. Detta för att få inspiration av redan existerande verksamheter - där den sociala, ekologiska och ekonomiska hållbarheten tagits i beaktande. Här besöktes verksamheter för hållbar konsumtion, hemester & avkoppling, gynnsam arbetsmiljö & sociala interaktioner och slutligen växtlighet i samspel med byggd miljö.  Med hjälp av ramverken Mind the G.A.P.S. och N-O-S utfördes den tredje och sista platsanalysen inför omgestaltning i form av visualiseringar. Här selekterades ett område av Södra Förstadsgatan då flödet av människor var högt, men trots det - flera tomma butikslokaler. Alltså ett utmärkt exempel på en plats där det behöver tänkas om. Dessa visualiseringar presenterar två exempel på hållbara verksamheter som framtagits under arbetet. Samtliga förslag presenteras i resultatet i form av en färgtabell i kombination med översiktskartor. De är alla på ett eller flera sätt hållbara. I färgtabellen blir det överskådligt på vilket sätt varje verksamhet är hållbar - socialt, ekologiskt eller ekonomiskt. Flera verksamheter uppfyller en kombination av två eller alla tre dimensioner.  Förhoppningen med Den blomstrande staden är att inspirera till ett nytt hållbart tänkande gällande stadsplanering, så att lokaler som idag ekar tomma, kan fyllas med nya idéer och vakna till liv igen - socialt, samtidigt som de ekologiska och ekonomiska aspekter tas med i utformandet för att skapa en blomstrande stad. / The Blooming City begins with the hypothesis that there are many empty retail premises in Malmö today. The main reason is that fewer and fewer people buy things in physical stores since online shops are taking over. With several empty premises in the city, it becomes unattractive and risks desertion, which decreases the quality of life for its inhabitants. The purpose of this thesis is to produce proposals of new areas of use for the empty retail premises in Malmö’s city center and surrounding shopping centers. Uses that are sustainable socially, ecologically and economically. The importance of proximity to vegetation in the built environment is a state of knowledge used throughout the thesis, since greenery is essential for the well-being of both people and the environment. The thesis is based on the question: How can empty store premises, previously intended for consumption that has shown unsustainable - be transformed into places that promote social, ecological and economic sustainability? The Blooming City took shape through site analyses with three different purposes: mapping of empty retail premises, analysis of inspiring businesses and finally - analysis of place to redesign. The mapping compiled the number of empty retail premises in Malmö’s city center and surrounding shopping centers, as a basis - to get an idea of ​​how many there actually are. In the next phase, the second site analysis was performed: Inspiring businesses. This was to be inspired by already existing businesses - where social, ecological and economic sustainability have been taken into account. Businesses that were visited were for sustainable consumption, holidays & relaxation, thriving work environment & social interactions and finally vegetation in interaction with the built environment. By using the models Mind the G.A.P.S. and N-O-S, the third and final site analysis was performed prior to the redesign process and visualizations. Here, an area of ​​Södra Förstadsgatan was selected because despite a heavy flow of people, there are several empty shop premises. So it is an excellent example of a place in need of redesign. These visualizations present two examples of sustainable businesses that have been developed during the thesis. All proposals are presented in the results in the form of a color table in combination with overview maps. They are all sustainable in one way or another. In the color table, it becomes clear in which way each business is sustainable - socially, ecologically or economically. Several businesses attain a combination of two or all three dimensions. The ambition with The Blooming City is to inspire new sustainable thinking regarding urban planning, so that premises that today are empty, can be filled with new ideas and come to life again - socially, while the ecological and economic aspects are included in the design to create a blooming city.

Gröna väggar är en effektiv metod för att tillämpa outnyttjad yta. En stor bidragande faktor till att gröna väggar ännu inte blivit populärt i Sverige är bristen på kunskap. Syftet med rapporten är att utföra en sammanställning av upplevelser från aktörer i projekt med byggnation av gröna väggar. Den sammanställda informationen ska bidra med en erfarenhetsåterföring till bygg- och fastighetsbranschen för att uppmuntra till kommande projekt med växtväggsinstallationer. Frågeställningarna som studien undersöker är: hur byggbranschens olika aktörer kan uppmuntras till byggnation av gröna fasader, anledningen till varför de byggs idag, vilka aspekter av processen som anses extra viktiga samt vilket system som lämpas bäst för Sverige.Metoden som används i rapporten är en kombination av en litteraturstudie med en fallstudie där involverade aktörer från undersökningsobjekten intervjuas utifrån deras erfarenheter från projekten. För att konstruera gröna väggar finns det förutsättningar på olika delar av väggens uppbyggnad, växtval och bevattningsinstallation. Bland annat behöver substratet ha en vattenhållande förmåga samtidigt som det är dränerande och behåller sin struktur.Intervjuresultaten visade att branschen till stor del har brist på kunskap inom ämnet och aktörerna i projekten menade att information om ämnet var svårfunnen. För att erfarenhetsåterföringen till fastighets- och byggsektorn ska förbättras krävs en större transparens inom området. Detta kan uppnås genom olika tillvägagångssätt: upprättandet av en branschorganisation, mer forskning om olika områden i ämnet och att växtväggsexperter förser branschen med informationsmedier såsom seminarier och kurser. De respondenter som var kunniga inom växtväggar menade att systemen som använts på projekten var möjliga att tillämpa oberoende av geografisk placering. Den faktor som var avgörande för de gröna väggarnas framgång var till stor del att växtvalet måste anpassas efter platsens geografiska förutsättningar samt sol- och vindexponering. Utifrån studien kan slutsatsen dras att både gröna fasader och levande väggar lämpas för ett svenskt klimat och att valet av väggsystem snarare beror på aktörernas budget, ambitionsnivå och kriterier som växtväggen önskas uppfylla. De vanligaste anledningarna till varför gröna väggar byggs enligt respondenterna är krav från kommuner och myndigheter, samt inre faktorer som tilltalande estetik, gynna biologisk mångfald och trivselfaktorer. Ansvarstaganden och underhållsarbeten var stora orosmoment som togs upp under intervjuerna. Utifrån detta drogs slutsatsen att det är viktigt att utforma en tydlig gränsdragning för olika aktörers ansvarsområden samt att upprätta en noggrann skötselplan som går att följa för kommande förvaltare. Bevattningen var ett problemområde för samtliga undersökningsobjekt. Projekten hade dock olika svårigheter med bevattningssystemen. Ett projekt hade underskattat den nödvändiga bevattningsmängden, ett annat hade missbedömt påverkan från substratet när det satte sig och ett hade problem med leddragningen från bevattningscentralen. Även fast bevattningsproblemen inte var helt detsamma finns ett gemensamt problemområde som leder till konstaterandet att bevattningen är ett kritiskt moment som kräver stor noggrannhet. En av de viktigaste lärdomarna aktörerna fått med sig från projekten är att växtväggsexperter bör involveras tidigt i projekteringen. I och med deras tidiga medverkan menar aktörer att förutsättningar för den gröna väggen lättare kan uppfyllas och problem kan undvikas i ett tidigare skede. / Vertical greenery systems (VGS) are an effective method of increasing the amount of green space in cities. Experience in this subject is however limited in Sweden, which results in fewer projects applying this method in buildings. The purpose of this study is to find out: what options there are to encourage the use of VGS in Sweden, which types of VGS works best in Sweden, the reasons why they are being constructed and which parts of the design process are the most critical. The investigation methods used in the thesis are a literature study and a case study. The case study entails interviews with participants in three projects which applied VGS to their buildings.The results show that the line of business has a subpar understanding of the systems and the different processes involved in constructing a VGS. Encouraging the market may be achieved by making the area of business more transparent. This can possibly be accomplished by VGS experts sharing their knowledge with other operators in the business through seminars and lectures. Respondents who had extensive knowledge regarding VGS were convinced that their systems could handle Swedens different climates. According to them the choice of plants is a critical factor for determining whether a VGS will be successful or not. Most VGS today are constructed based on either requirements from authorities or aesthetic appearance. The most critical parts of the design process are: involving the VGS experts in an early stage, establishing detailed maintenance plans and liability delimitations, making extensive efforts during the design process regarding the watering systems and choosing the plant selection based on the conditions of the placement.