This study investigated the way in which educators identified and managed the needs of the orphaned learners they encountered in their situation as educators in a school setting. The sample in the study consisted of a total of 12-orphaned learners and 8 educators from one primary and one secondary school in the rural part of Mpumalanga Province in South Africa. Data on how orphaned learners viewed their situation were collected using draw-and-write strategy and observation followed by in-depth interviews and follow-up interview questions. The aim of interviewing the orphans themselves was to explore their own views of the realities of their lived experiences of orphanhood and their expectations of the world around them. Data on how educators identified and responded to the needs of the orphaned learners were collected using in-depth interviews and follow up interview questions. The experiences of the orphaned learners interviewed indicate a need for social and emotional support besides the obvious material need. Two distinct identities (among the educators themselves) emerged from the interviews with these educators: <ul><li>There were educators who responded positively by providing support to the orphaned learners.</li> <li>And there were educators who responded by referring the orphaned learners to the educators who help orphaned learners.</ul> The findings of the study revealed that internal motivational factors had a strong influence on the choices these educators made in responding to the needs of the orphans; and lack of knowledge and skills in identifying and responding to the orphans’ emotional needs could have a negative impact on educator response. The findings also showed that the level of interaction and involvement in a relationship with the orphans determined the way the educators identified and responded to these orphans’ needs. The study suggest the need for training educators to be in a position to provide care and build relationships, as a means of helping fulfill the social and emotional needs of these learners. / Thesis (PhD (Education Management, Law and Policy))--University of Pretoria, 2008. / Education Management and Policy Studies / unrestricted

This narrative inquiry study collected stories from parents and teachers to build a deep understanding of the lived experiences of raising or teaching children affected by traumatic grief. Research shows that children who experience adversity or loss as trauma, including childhood traumatic grief, may experience long- term disruptions to executive functions and present learning, behavioural and social challenges within school settings. Current research indicates that the adoption of trauma-informed care practices within schools can successfully support students who have experienced trauma and/or childhood traumatic grief. In particular, the development of strong family-school collaboration, understood recently as a form of working alliance, is key in effectively supporting students experiencing mental health issues, including childhood traumatic grief. Using a narrative inquiry approach, this study shares the stories of three women, a mother, a teacher by profession, and a mother who is a teacher by profession, to develop deep understanding of what is being experienced in supporting children affected by childhood traumatic stress and grief. The findings from this study affirmed the need for increased understanding and awareness of the ways that trauma can impact the education of children affected by trauma. The findings also confirmed that insecure attachments can be mitigated with consistent and attuned care. To do this effectively as educators, there is need for increased resources and supports within the schools. This study confirmed the need for increased collaboration to develop strong relationships between students, parents and teachers. The need for collaboration is essential for the successful support of students struggling with the affects of trauma and these findings affirm current conversations on the importance of trauma-informed approaches, relational schools and working alliances.

Over 90,000 people die each year in Sweden, many of whom were in need of healthcare. Nurses are considered lacking education in grief management after the loss of a patient. The Swedish Healthcare System advocates continuity and that a relationship is created with the patient. In correlation with the death of a patient, the nurse may experience feelings of apathy, guilt and grief. The aim was to highlightfactors that affect the nurses’ experiences of managing grief following a patient’sdeath. The study was conducted as a general literature study with an inductive approach. The nurses’ grieving process was affected whether the cause of death wasexpected or unexpected. Furthermore, the relationship between nurse and patient could benefit the quality of the care but at the cost of making the grieving process more difficult. Nurses preferred informal support in managing the grief, and debriefing should be advocated. Grief is a human response in the loss of a relationship, and it is of importance that the nurse allows herself to grieve when a patient passes away. Finally, a lack of education regarding grief management wasnoted in the connection to a patient’s death, which is required for the nurse to maintain her own personal health and deliver high quality care. / I Sverige dör 90,000 människor varje år, en stor del av människorna var i behov av sjukvård. Sjuksköterskor anses sakna utbildning inom sorgehantering efter förlust av en patient. Den svenska sjukvården förespråkar kontinuitet och en relation skapas med patienten. I samband med en patients död kan sjuksköterskan uppleva känslor som apati, skuldkänslor och sorg. Syftet var att belysa faktorer som påverkar sjuksköterskors upplevelser av sorgebearbetning efter en patients död. Litteraturstudien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie med induktiv ansats. Sjuksköterskornas sorgearbete påverkades av om dödsfallet var plötsligt eller väntat. Relationen mellan sjuksköterskan och patienten kunde gynna kvalitén på vården men gjorde även sorgeprocessen svårare. Sjuksköterskorna föredrog informellt stöd vid hantering av sorgen, och debriefing borde förespråkas. Sorg är en mänsklig reaktion vid förlust av en relation och det är av vikt att sjuksköterskan tillåter sig själv att sörja när en patient dör. Slutligen noterades en brist i utbildning kring sorgebearbetning i samband med patientens bortgång vilket krävs för att sjuksköterskan ska bibehålla den egna hälsan och ge vård av god kvalité.

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Introduction: Death is not an uncommon outcome for patients who seek immediate care in an emergency department. Although death is common in the emergency department there is little literature regarding end-of-life care in the emergency department. The purpose of this research study is to determine what changes emergency nurses would suggest to improve end-of-life care for dying patients and their families in emergency departments. Background: A national, geographically dispersed, random sample of 1000 emergency nurses were sent a questionnaire entitled, "Emergency Nurses' Perceptions of End-of-Life Care." Inclusion criteria included nurses who were members of the Emergency Nurses Association, could read English, worked in an emergency department, and had cared for at least one emergency patient at the end-of-life. Results: There was an overwhelming consistency in recommended changes to improve care of the dying emergency department patient by the nurses participating in the study. Five major themes were identified: 1) increasing the amount of time emergency nurses have to care for dying patients and their families; 2) consistently allowing family presence during resuscitation; 3) providing a comfortable patient room; 4) providing for more privacy at the end-of-life; and 5) providing a family grief room. Conclusion: The emergency department will continue to be the primary access point for dying patients to receive medical and nursing care. Implementing changes based on emergency nurse recommendations may dramatically improve the experience for the dying patient as well as their family members.

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Title from second page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 114-120).

I studien undersöks individers upplevelse av gruppsykoterapeutisk behandling för komplicerad sorg. Genom halvstrukturerade djupintervjuer och kvalitativa enkätfrågor erhålls beskrivningar från olika livsvärldar utifrån individers olika perspektiv. En tolkningsram har tagits fram innehållande tidigare forskning samt teoretiska utgångspunkter vilken utgör verktyg för analys av erhållna resultat. I resultatavsnittet framhålls den oerhörda och ibland avgörande betydelse behandlingen haft för individernas välbefinnande. Det framkommer också tre aspekter som varit avgörande för det positiva resultatet av behandlingen nämligen relationen till terapeuten, den metod som använts samt gemenskapen i gruppen. Vidare undersöktes gemenskapens betydelse på en djupare nivå. Det resultat som framkom var att förståelse från de andra i gruppen, att individerna insåg att de inte vara unika om sin situation samt att en medvetenhet och insikt uppstod i tankeprocesser och det interpersonella beteendet var det som hade störst betydelse i gemenskapen. Denna upptäckt presenteras som en tentativ modell som kan ligga till grund för framtida forskning. Slutligen diskuteras resultat och analys i relation till syfte och tolkningsram samt presenteras slutsatser och ytterligare förslag till framtida forskning. / The study examines individuals' experience of group psychotherapy for complicated grief treatment. Through semi-structured interviews and qualitative survey questions have descriptions of the various life worlds of individuals from different perspectives been obtained. Previous research and theories are presented which constitute tools for analysis of the obtained results. The results present the tremendous and sometimes vital significance the treatment had on individuals' wellbeing. It also presents three aspects that were decisive for the positive outcome of the treatment. These were the relationship to the therapist, the method used and the community in the group. The meaning of community was further examined on a deeper level. The obtained result of this question shows that understanding from the other group members, the fact that the individuals' realized that they’re not unique about their situation and that awareness and insight in thoughts and interpersonal behavior arose were of greatest meaning. This discovery is presented as a tentative model that could provide a basis for future research. The results are discussed and analyzed in relation to the purpose of the study and previous research. Finally, conclusions and further suggestions for future research are presented.