Detta examensarbete har gjorts på uppdrag av SP Maskiner AB och berör längdmätningsenheten på skördaraggregatet SP451LF. Pulsgivaren i den befintliga längdmätningen anses inte nå en acceptabel livslängd och därför skall ett sensorlager prövas som ersättare. Uppdraget består i att söka ett lämpligt sensorlager, dimensionera en komplett mäthjulslagring samt att ta fram ett konstruktionsförslag till prototyp på längdmätning. Arbetet begränsas av att den omkonstruerade längdmätningen skall passa på SP451LF aggregatet. Det betyder att längdmätningens infästning mot aggregatet inte får förändras och dess yttermått måste hållas inom de gränser som aggregatets chassi tillåter. / This diploma work has been done on commission by SP Maskiner AB and affects the length meter unit on the single-grip harvester SP451LF. The pulse encoder in the present length meter has too short duration why a sensor-bearing will be tested as replacement. The tasks are to find a suitable sensor-bearing unit, to dimension a complete measuring wheel bearing and create a construction proposal for a prototype of a length meter. The diploma work is limited by the fact that the reworked length meter has to fit into the SP451LF harvester. That means that the length meter’s contact points on the harvester’s frame are not to be altered.

The thesis entitled “Design and Synthesis of Benzimidazole Based Templates in Duplex and Quadruplex DNA Recognition and in Topoisomerase Inhibition” deals with the design and synthesis of several benzimidazole based molecules and their interaction with duplex and quadruplex DNA structures. It also elucidates the inhibition effect of the compounds on the activity of topoisomerase I enzyme of parasitic pathogen Leishmania donovani. The work has been divided into five chapters. Chapter 1: An Introduction to DNA and its Interaction with Small molecules. The first chapter provides an introduction to the double helical structure of DNA and the central dogma that suggests the flow of genetic information from DNA to RNA to protein. This chapter also presents an overview on the various types of small molecules that interact with duplex and quadruplex structures of DNA or interfere with the activity of DNA targeted enzymes like topoisomerase. This chapter describes the importance of such molecules as chemotherapeutic agents. Chapter 2 deals with three isomeric, symmetrical bisbenzimidazole derivatives bearing pyridine on the two termini. The syntheses, duplex DNA binding and computational structure analyses of the molecules have been divided into two sections. Chapter 2A: Novel Symmetrical Pyridine Derivatized Bisbenzimidazoles: Synthesis and Unique Metal Ion Mediated Tunable DNA Minor Groove Binding. The first chapter deals with the synthesis and double stranded (ds) DNA binding characteristics of the three bisbenzimidazole derivatives. Despite being positional isomers, their relative binding affinities towards ds-DNA varied considerably. Fluorescence, circular dichroism and temperature dependent UV-absorption spectroscopy have been employed to characterize ligand-DNA binding interaction. All spectroscopic studies revealed the strong A-T selective DNA binding affinities of the p- and m-pyridine derivatized molecules (p-pyben and m-pyben respectively) and indicated dramatically weak binding interaction of the ortho derivative (o-pyben) to ds-DNA. Additionally, unique transition metal ion mediated tunable DNA binding shown by o-pyben has been described in this chapter. While the ds-DNA binding characteristics of p- and m-pyben remained unaffected in presence of metal ions, that of o-pyben could be reversibly ‘switched off’ in the presence of divalent transition metal ions like Co2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+. Addition of EDTA reversed the effects and DNA binding was again observed. This interesting observation provides valuable insight into the DNA recognition property of these isomeric bisbenzimidazole derivatives. Figure 1. Molecular structures of pyridine derivatized symmetrical bisbenzimidazoles. Chapter 2B: Differential Binding of Positional Isomers of Symmetric Bisbenzimidazoles on DNA Minor-Groove: A Computational study. To explain the weak DNA binding affinity of o-pyben, compared to p- or m-pyben, detailed ab initio/DFT computational analyses of the inherent structural features of the three isomers were performed both in the gas-phase and in water. The study revealed the presence of intramolecular hydrogen bond existing in the opyben, between the benzimidazole proton (H3) and the pyridine nitrogen (N1). Additionally, potential energy scans for rotation about the bonds connecting the pyridine-benzimidazole and benzimidazole-benzimidazole fragments were performed. This revealed surprising conformational rigidity existing in the o- isomer that resisted any out-of-plane twisting of the pyridine-benzimidazole fragment. The presence of intramolecular H-bonding was further confirmed by experimental determination of pKa of the three isomers. The molecules being bisbenzimidazole derivatives bound to the minor groove of ds-DNA, the benzimidazole protons forming hydrogen bonded interactions with the DNA bases. However in the o- derivative, the intramolecular hydrogen bonding made the crucial benzimidazole protons unavailable for DNA binding thereby leading to its poor interaction with DNA. Chapter 3. Novel Series of Anthra[1,2-d]imidazole-6,11-dione Derivatives: Synthesis, DNA Binding and Inhibition of Topoisomerase I of Leishmania donovani This chapter describes the synthesis of nine imidazole fused anthraquinone derivatives and their interaction with double-stranded DNA, investigated by UV-visible absorption spectroscopy and viscometric titrations. Figure 2. Molecular structures of the imidazole fused anthraquinone derivatives. All the molecules showed intercalative mode of binding to double stranded DNA, though their relative binding affinities were different. Next their inhibitory effects on the catalytic activity of topoisomerase I enzyme of Leismania donovani were investigated. L. donovani is the causative agent for human visceral leishmaniasis; a fatal disease affecting liver and spleen. Five out of the nine derivatives tested, proved to be extremely efficient inhibitors of the enzyme. Of them, three showed greater inhibition potency than camptothecin, a well-established topoisomerase I inhibitor and the precursor for several clinically useful anti-tumor drugs. The molecules were shown to inhibit by the stabilization of enzyme-DNA cleavable complex, and the inhibition efficiency was found to be highly dependent on the pKa of the side-chain nitrogen. These results provide useful insights towards developing more potent inhibitors of the parasitic enzyme. As the compounds are synthetically facile, chemically stable and possess long shelf life, they should be attractive candidates for design of novel family of topoisomerase I inhibitor. Indeed the nature of amine based side chain and its pKa would hold the key in such design. Chapter 4 deals with a series of symmetrical bisbenzimidazole derivatives in which the benzimidazole units have been connected via different aromatic linkers. The syntheses, duplex DNA interaction, topoisomerase inhibition and quadruplex DNA stabilization shown by these four molecules have been divided into two sections. Chapter 4A. Synthesis, Duplex DNA Binding and Topoisomerase I Inhibition by Symmetrical Bisbenzimidazole Derivatives with Aromatic Linkers. This chapter describes the synthesis of four symmetrical bisbenzimidazole derivatives bearing aromatic linkers, phenyl, naphthyl or anthryl between the benzimidazole rings. Next their interaction with duplex DNA was investigated using fluorescence and temperature dependent UV absorption spectroscopy and viscometric titration techniques. Addition of DNA caused fluorescence enhancement of the molecules implying their interaction with duplex DNA. All the four molecules on binding to double helical DNA induced thermal stabilization of the latter. Viscometric titration of calf thymus DNA with the four compounds revealed a partial-intercalative mode of binding for the anthracene derivatized molecule 4. Next, their inhibitory effects on the catalytic activity of topoisomerase I enzyme were studied. The anthracene derivatized compound (4) showed high inhibition of the enzyme catalyzed relaxation of supercoiled plasmid DNA. Naphthalene derivatized compound (3) exhibited weak inhibition whereas the derivatives bearing 1,4- and 1,3-disubstitued benzene (1 and 2 respectively) units showed no inhibition. Figure 3. Molecular structures of the symmetrical bisbenzimidazole derivatives. Chapter 4B. Quadruplex DNA Stabilization by Symmetrical Bisbenzimidazole Derivatives with Aromatic Linkers. The ability of the aforementioned molecules to stabilize G-quadruplex structures was investigated next. DNA quadruplex secondary structures are potential molecular targets for new generation chemotherapeutic drugs; hence there is an impetus in developing quadruplex targeting molecules. The Tetrahymena thermophilia telomeric sequence 5´-(T2G4)4-3´ was selected for the studies as it exhibits interesting structural polymorphism depending on whether quadruplex formation occurs in presence of Na+ or K+. Circular dichroism and fluorescence anisotropy techniques were used to study the interaction of these newly synthesized molecules with quadruplex DNA. Also thermal stabilization of quadruplex structure induced by the molecules was determined by temperature dependent UV absorption studies. The compounds 1, 3 and 4 stabilized Na+ induced quadruplex without causing any structural alterations of the latter. However, the m-phenyl linker bearing molecule 2, above a certain [ligand]/[DNA] concentration ratio, caused uniquestructural alteration of the Na+ induced quadruplex such that the CD-signature of the latter resembled that of a K+ induced quadruplex structure. This result was corroborated by quadruplex thermal melting data and fluorescence anisotropy. Interestingly this ligand was also able to induce secondary structure formation in randomly oriented ss-DNA, akin to K+ induced quadruplex structure, even in the absence of Na+ or K+. Chapter 5. Synthesis and DNA Binding of Novel Biscationic Dimers of Bisbenzimidazole Systems. This chapter describes the design, synthesis and ds-DNA binding properties of four dicationic dimers of bisbenzimidazoles. Targeting long base pair sequences in double helical DNA is a key issue in chemical biology and connecting different DNA binding modules by appropriate linkers is an attractive strategy for achieving the same. The precursor monomer unit was a bisbenzimidazole derivative and an analogue of Hoechst 33258. Two such moieties were connected via bisoxyethylenic or 6- or 3-methylenic or piperazinyl units to achieve linker of varying length, rigidity and hydrophilicity. To study the interaction of the dimers with duplex DNA, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy were used. Two of the dimers, (bbim-2ox-bbim and bbim-6met-bbim) bearing long flexible spacers, were able to target 13-AT base pairs long oligonucleotide sequences in a 1:1 binding mode with an affinity 8-10 times better than the precursor monomer or Hoechst 33258. Also thermal denaturation experiments showed high duplex stabilization induced by the same two dimers. All studies indicated a bidentate mode of binding where both the arms of the dimers participated in DNA binding. The molecules bearing the short and rigid linkers (bbim-3met-bbim and bbimpiper- bbim) on the other hand showed low binding affinity towards duplex DNA, as indicated by fluorescence, circular dichroism and thermal melting studies. The short linkers probably did not favor simultaneous binding of both the monomeric arms of the dimers to DNA minor groove. The work reported in this chapter indicates the strong influence of the length and nature of linker in determining drug/DNA binding affinity. Figure 4. Molecular structures of dicationic dimeric bisbenzimidazole derivatives.(Refer PDF File)

Im Kern des Beitrags steht die exemplarische Beschreibung von Groove-Erfahrungen beim Samba-Trommeln. Die Beschreibungen orientieren sich an drei Dimensionen ästhetischen Erfahrens, die nach Martin Seel als bloß sinnlich, artistisch und atmosphärisch unterschieden werden. Diese Beschreibung wird in den Kontext der Theorie ästhetischer Bildung gestellt. / The center of the article is the description of a Groove-experience in a Samba-Batucada at school. The description differentiates three dimensions of aesthetical performance and experience after the philosopher Martin Seel. The example is framed from reflections about aesthetical Education/ Bildung.

<p>Detta examensarbete har gjorts på uppdrag av SP Maskiner AB och berör längdmätningsenheten på skördaraggregatet SP451LF. Pulsgivaren i den befintliga längdmätningen anses inte nå en acceptabel livslängd och därför skall ett sensorlager prövas som ersättare.</p><p>Uppdraget består i att söka ett lämpligt sensorlager, dimensionera en komplett mäthjulslagring samt att ta fram ett konstruktionsförslag till prototyp på längdmätning.</p><p>Arbetet begränsas av att den omkonstruerade längdmätningen skall passa på SP451LF aggregatet. Det betyder att längdmätningens infästning mot aggregatet inte får förändras och dess yttermått måste hållas inom de gränser som aggregatets chassi tillåter.</p> / <p>This diploma work has been done on commission by SP Maskiner AB and affects the length meter unit on the single-grip harvester SP451LF. The pulse encoder in the present length meter has too short duration why a sensor-bearing will be tested as replacement.</p><p>The tasks are to find a suitable sensor-bearing unit, to dimension a complete measuring wheel bearing and create a construction proposal for a prototype of a length meter.</p><p>The diploma work is limited by the fact that the reworked length meter has to fit into the SP451LF harvester. That means that the length meter’s contact points on the harvester’s frame are not to be altered.</p>

This qualitative study explores the experiences of creative improvisation in music therapy sessions of a group of 12 first-year international students. The students took part in a group music therapy process which consisted of eight sessions. Music therapy is explored as a possible approach for offering first-year international students valuable social, emotional and psychological support in light of literature findings that note the continuous struggles faced by international students in their transition to university. Data collection was in the form of a focus group interview, which was conducted after the final session, and two video excerpts from different sessions within the process. I drew on these data sources to explore how music is used as a medium for expressing and sharing first-year experiences, and how the group music therapy sessions afford students opportunities for the development of mutually supportive relationships. Data were coded, then categorised and in this process, themes emerged. The emergent themes suggest that creative improvisation in group music therapy sessions facilitates moving from disconnection to building more friendships and deeper relationships; creates a platform for increasing openness towards exploring, expressing and sharing experiences and emotions concerning being a first-year international student; and how music as an alternative medium to verbal and/or other expression for expressing and interacting, allows for this expression of emotions and experiences, and connection in the group. The findings indicate that it was in expressing and sharing their experiences with one another through musicking that students were able to develop mutually supportive relationships. Copyright / Dissertation (MMus)--University of Pretoria, 2012. / Music / unrestricted

Le développement rapide de l’industrie des systèmes sans fil suscite une demande urgente pour des communications à haut débit, notamment en environnement « indoor ». Toutefois, les protocoles traditionnels de communications sont incapables de supporter de très hauts débits et, surtout, il n'y a pas de ressources spectrales disponibles à basse fréquence. Comme une alternative, la bande des 60GHz est préconisée parce qu’elle permet un débit de plus de 5Gbit/s, grâce à son large spectre (57GHz à 64 GHz). Toutefois, en pratique, l’environnement « indoor » est complexe et, dans les situations d’absence de visibilité directe, la couverture radio est difficile à assurer à cause des fortes atténuations. Afin de remédier à ce problème, l’utilisation de répéteurs est possible. Dans cette thèse, l’intérêt est porté sur les répéteurs passifs, plus simples à installer et compatibles avec une réalisation faible coût. Le cas critique de la couverture radio d’un couloir en T est choisi comme fil conducteur, tout au long de cette étude. Les solutions préconisées visent aussi la compacité, ce qui justifie l’utilisation de réflecteurs plans. A partir de la théorie des réseaux d’antennes, une structure périodique générique pour le répéteur est proposée. Elle implique deux cellules réfléchissantes élémentaires (espacées de /2), produisant des ondes en opposition de phase. Plusieurs topologies et technologies sont ensuite envisagées et étudiées pour la mise en oeuvre. La première utilise des antennes à résonateur diélectrique (DRA). Deux topologies différentes sont étudiées et comparées, le DRA à encoche et le DRA couplé à une ligne déphaseuse en circuit ouvert. Différentes stratégies de modélisation sont également étudiées en utilisant une cellule unique, un couple de 2 cellules avec phases opposées ou un petit réseau. Pour chaque topologie, un réseau canonique de 6×6 éléments est simulé. La deuxième technologie étudiée utilise des guides d’ondes rectangulaires chargés par un matériau diélectrique et courtcircuités. Des analyses paramétriques sont effectuées et un 6 ×6 réseau est conçu et optimisé pour valider la faisabilité de la solution. Finalement, une structure en guide à plaques métalliques parallèles est analysée. Dérivant de la solution précédente, elle permet une fabrication plus simple. Pour cette dernière solution, une analyse plus complète est menée incluant des considérations sur la bande passante, les performances en incidence oblique et la direction de rayonnement maximal. Enfin, un réseau à base de cet élément rainuré est fabriquée présentant une taille de 200 mm×200 mm. Des mesures expérimentales à 60GHz sont réalisées pour tester les performances du réseau. La preuve de concept est ainsi donnée et les résultats expérimentaux sont analysés. / The fast development of information and consumer electronics industries creates a pressing demand for high-speed indoor communications. Traditional communication protocols are unable to support such high transmission rate, and there are no radio bands available at lower frequency. As an alternative, 60GHz communications have sparked great attention, since it enables a maximum data transmission rate more than 5Gbit/s based on its wide unlicensed bandwidth. However, practical indoor environment is usually complicated (e.g. walls, corridors, stairs, etc.), thus the non-line-of-sight (NLOS) areas cannot be covered due to the significant attenuation. Considering the requirements for signal recovery in the NLOS environment, a planar passive repeater with endfire radiation and high directivity, low profile and low cost is investigated and designed in this thesis. Based on array theory, a periodic structure for the foreseen printed repeater is derived out. It involves two reflector elements (in the spacing of 2) to provide 0° and 180°reflection phases respectively. In order to construct a proper reflector element, four topologies are proposed and analyzed. In the first part of the study, DRA (Dielectric Resonator Antenna) technology is the main focus. Two different topologies are investigated and compared, including notched DRA and DRA coupled to phase-shift stub. Different modeling strategies are also studied using either a single cell, a couple of cells with opposite phases or a small array. For each topology, a preliminary 6×6 array is simulated. Optimization at the array level is emphasized through the whole thesis. In the second part, investigations are taken on a rectangular dielectric filled waveguide element. Parametric analyses are carried out and possible fabrication technologies are discussed. Once again, a preliminary 6×6 array is designed and optimized to validate the feasibility of such a structure. In the third part, a parallel-plate groove structure is analyzed. It evolves from the rectangular waveguide, and enjoys more simplification. Further work is taken to explore the arrays’ bandwidth, oblique incidence performance and maximum radiation direction. Detailed theoretical analysis based on the simulation results are demonstrated in the end. Finally, an array based on the groove elements is fabricated in the size of 200mm×200mm. Practical measurements for 60GHz communications in NLOS environment are designed to test the array’s performance. Analyses on the experiment results are given.

Bränder i radhus har under en längre tid varit förödande, oftast med hela radhuslängor totalförstörda. Branden sprider sig upp till vinden för att normalt mötas av en bristande avskiljande vägg. För att förebygga dessa katastrofala bränder genomför räddningstjänster runtomkring landet inspektioner och tillsyner av radhusvindarna så att de klarar av minst 30 minuter. 30 minuter har tidigare varit den minimumtid som en avskiljande vägg på vinden ska stå emot en brand. Dessa tillsyner gjordes med bland annat lagligt stöd från 2 kap. 2 § i lagen om skydd mot olyckor som säger att ägaren ska i skälig omfattning vidta de åtgärder som behövs för att förebygga bränder. Detta innebär att vindar som tidigare haft godkänt brandskydd för 30 minuter, har efter tillsynerna bevisas inte klara av den påstådda tiden och behöver åtgärda denna brist.  En av lösningarna vid brister på radhus med innertak av råspont är att sätta en 60 cm lång gipsskiva ut ifrån den avskiljande väggen längst taket på båda sidorna av väggen. Detta är tänkt att hjälpa till att förhindra, inte stoppa, en brand så pass länge att den avskiljande väggen kan upprätthålla sitt brandskydd i minst 30 minuter. Enligt existerande teori ska en gipsskiva hålla i ca 15-20 minuter. Problemet är att detta lösningsförslag saknar empiriskt underlag. I denna rapport togs tre moduler fram för att undersöka om branden kunde ta sig över en oskyddad och skyddad avskiljande vägg. Som brandkälla anpassades en heptanbrand för att efterlikna brandkurvan ISO 834, även känd som standardbrandkurvan. Första brandförsöket med första modulen stötte på flera stora problem medan övriga två moduler, efter modifieringar, gav rimliga resultat. Resultatet visar att branden inte kunde ta sig över en oskyddad vägg men att en skyddad vägg höll sig bättre. Med ca 8 minuter för brand-gas, -rök att ta sig över men 38 minuter innan genombränning, öppen låga, för oskyddad avskiljande vägg. För skyddad avskiljande vägg tog det över 46 minuter innan brandgas började ta sig över avskiljande väggen.  Vidare analyseras och diskuteras resultatets trovärdighet utifrån uppmätt effekt och temperaturer samt modulens uppbyggnad. Temperaturkurvorna var för sig bedöms trovärdiga även om de skiljer sig ifrån varandra mellan testerna. Framtagna effekten höll sig överraskande väl mot antagna effektens värde. Slutsatsen blev att en brand inte kan ta sig genom en oskyddad avskiljande vägg inom 30 minuter men att en skyddad vägg stod anmärkningsvärt bättre emot branden. / Fires in row houses have under a long time had devastating consequences, often with several family’s homes total destroyed. Fires usually go up to the attic where it normally is meet with deficient firewalls that doesn’t prevent fire from spreading to adjacent attics.  To prevent these catastrophes fires, fire brigades all-around Sweden carry through inspections and oversight on these deficient firewalls so that it can stand against a fire for at least 30 minutes. By Swedish law, the owner of a house must, within reasonably scale, prevent fires from spreading. This includes buildings that previously had acceptably fire prevention for its time of construction but nowadays, with new information, can be proven to not maintains its alleged prevention time. 30 minutes were the minimal time that have previously been accepted as a firewall in the attic.  One of the solutions to deficiency with attic ceilings of so called “råspont”, translated to “tongue and groove boards”, is to extend a 60 cm gypsum board out from the firewall onto the ceiling, on both side of the firewall. This is to help prevent the fire from spreading to next attic within 30 minutes. The main principle is that a single gypsum board can withstand ca 15-20 minutes of fire before failing. The problem is that these solutions is only theoretical, and no empirical experiment have been done to test this solutions reliability. In this report, three modules were designed and tested to see if a fire could get through/over a firewall with, and without, a gypsum board protection within 30 minutes. As a source of fire, a heptane fire was designed to imitate ISO 834 fire curve, also known as standard fire curve. First test of the modules had quite a bit of problems and failure but the other two, after some rearrangement and fixes, delivered somewhat reliable results. The results shows that the fire couldn’t get through an unprotected firewall within 30 minutes, but a protected firewall withstand the fire considerably longer. The unprotected firewall let through smoke around 8 minutes and an open flame was visible around 38 minutes. The protected firewall started to let through smoke after 46 minutes mark. There after analyzed and discussed the reliability of the experiment according to measured heat release rate (HRR) and temperature curve. The temperature curves are each of they own reasonable and believable but differs from one another. The measured HRR were surprisingly accurate against the previously calculated HRR.  The conclusion was that a fire couldn’t get over an unprotected firewall within 30 minutes but that a protected firewall held considerably longer against a fire.

The aim of this work is comparison of special form tools for manufacture of grooves in rotor turbine. For this purpose tools are chosen from „A“ and „B“ company. Form milling cutters are confronted both in terms of their characteristic features, manufacturing methods, and time and economy intensity. Furthermore, there is described a possible future way of grooves‘ production through the use of the „C“ ‘s programme. Apart from that, this thesis also involves simple programme for comparing the chosen parameters.

This diploma thesis deal with project of servis lift drive by special mechanism using thrust chain. There are designed and descrobed the most importana construction unit of servis lift in the this thesis. The calculation as tha static for the main part sof the lift are included in the constructional analysis. The most attention is pay to drive, which is consist of eletric motor, clech, gearbox, break and imposition of sprocket wheel.

This master’s thesis is devoted to rifling technologies of the barrel bore of fire and gas arms. In cooperation with the company Winston Production, s.r.o. also enters into operation issues of selected manufacturing machine Zs 151 for barrel rifling. It contains an analysis of legislative demands on the technical documentation, description of the construction and function of machinery and materials for the creation of local operating safety rules for its operation. The part of work is also 3D model of the machine created in software SolidWorks.