Inaug.--diss.--Bonn. / Lebenslauf. "Verzeichnis der benutzten Quellen und Hilfsmittel": p. [xcix]-c.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2008. / Title from first page of PDF file. Includes bibliographical references (p. 138-142).

No description available.

<p>An increasing number of health problems in the population and an uneven distribution of health between different groups in the society, have been identified as a problems and has therefore been put on the political agenda in Sweden. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to estimate and discuss the significance an individual’s behaviour, in a number of areas, has on his/her level of health.</p><p>The empirical material for this thesis is taken from a nationwide inquiry conducted in 2004,which was called “Hälsa på lika villkor?” (Health on equal terms?) The material used consists of the answers and records from individuals living in the administrative district of Kronoberg. 9972 individuals were included in the sample and the answering frequency was 63,2%. To map and analyse the material, which was done mainly through crosstabs, chi-square tests and logistic regressions, the statistics software SPSS 11.5 was used.</p><p>The parameter used to measure the health level is the individual’s own perception of his or her general health. The estimated health levels “very good” and “good” are referred to as good health, while the health levels “reasonable”, “bad” or “very bad” are put into a category named inferior health. The thesis is limited by putting the main focus on the differences in health between groups divided by three different factors: gender, country of birth and socioeconomic belonging. An analysis of the material shows that men have better health than women, civil servants have better health than all the others and individuals that are born in Europe but outside the Nordic countries have significantly worse health than others.</p><p>Grossman’s theory on the demand for health is used to identify factors that affect the relationship between behaviour and health. The so called environmental factors influence the gross effect, and the depreciation rate the net effect, of certain behaviour. Education, sleep and stress are identified as environmental factors, and age, BMI and the work environment are shown to affect the depreciation rate of health capital. The level of stress a certain individual experience is a factor that has a particular strong connection with the increased probability of experiencing an inferior health.</p><p>Everyday smoking and a sedentary spare time distinctively increases the risk of a lower health level. In addition, the inclination to refrain from using professional health care, even though you believe you need it, increases the risk of inferior health. The results don’t give the same strong evidence for a connection between the health level and the everyday consumption of snuff or the risk consumption of alcohol, but they still indicate that both these factors are associated with an increased risk for inferior health. However, no connection between the eating habits, in this investigation indicated by the consumption of fruit and vegetables, and the self estimated general health, could be found.</p><p>The concluding analysis show that the differences in health within groups differentiated between socioeconomic belonging mainly can be explained by differences in health related behaviour. This, when factors, which according to the theory affects the connection between behaviour and health, have been considered. The differences in health between men and women, and between individuals born in Europe but outside the Nordic countries and others, can to some, but considerably lesser extent, be explained by the differences in the healthrelated behaviour.</p>

An increasing number of health problems in the population and an uneven distribution of health between different groups in the society, have been identified as a problems and has therefore been put on the political agenda in Sweden. Thus, the purpose of this thesis is to estimate and discuss the significance an individual’s behaviour, in a number of areas, has on his/her level of health. The empirical material for this thesis is taken from a nationwide inquiry conducted in 2004,which was called “Hälsa på lika villkor?” (Health on equal terms?) The material used consists of the answers and records from individuals living in the administrative district of Kronoberg. 9972 individuals were included in the sample and the answering frequency was 63,2%. To map and analyse the material, which was done mainly through crosstabs, chi-square tests and logistic regressions, the statistics software SPSS 11.5 was used. The parameter used to measure the health level is the individual’s own perception of his or her general health. The estimated health levels “very good” and “good” are referred to as good health, while the health levels “reasonable”, “bad” or “very bad” are put into a category named inferior health. The thesis is limited by putting the main focus on the differences in health between groups divided by three different factors: gender, country of birth and socioeconomic belonging. An analysis of the material shows that men have better health than women, civil servants have better health than all the others and individuals that are born in Europe but outside the Nordic countries have significantly worse health than others. Grossman’s theory on the demand for health is used to identify factors that affect the relationship between behaviour and health. The so called environmental factors influence the gross effect, and the depreciation rate the net effect, of certain behaviour. Education, sleep and stress are identified as environmental factors, and age, BMI and the work environment are shown to affect the depreciation rate of health capital. The level of stress a certain individual experience is a factor that has a particular strong connection with the increased probability of experiencing an inferior health. Everyday smoking and a sedentary spare time distinctively increases the risk of a lower health level. In addition, the inclination to refrain from using professional health care, even though you believe you need it, increases the risk of inferior health. The results don’t give the same strong evidence for a connection between the health level and the everyday consumption of snuff or the risk consumption of alcohol, but they still indicate that both these factors are associated with an increased risk for inferior health. However, no connection between the eating habits, in this investigation indicated by the consumption of fruit and vegetables, and the self estimated general health, could be found. The concluding analysis show that the differences in health within groups differentiated between socioeconomic belonging mainly can be explained by differences in health related behaviour. This, when factors, which according to the theory affects the connection between behaviour and health, have been considered. The differences in health between men and women, and between individuals born in Europe but outside the Nordic countries and others, can to some, but considerably lesser extent, be explained by the differences in the healthrelated behaviour.

This dissertation examines key texts from the intermediate and mature periods of Vasily Grossman’s career in order to determine the relationship between his evolving philosophy and the poetics that characterize his writing. While significant critique has been applied to the nature of Grossman’s philosophy, comparatively less has looked at the aesthetic and technical aspects of his writing itself; still less to the connection between Grossman’s abstract concepts and his accomplished texts. My effort has been to bridge the gap between these two areas of inquiry and to ascertain the quality of their tightly intertwined and complex relationship. I analyze four of Grossman’s key texts in depth, with reference to several other writings. Of the primary texts considered in my study, two are essays from the writer’s intermediate period: “The Hell of Treblinka” («Треблинский ад») and “The Sistine Madonna” («Сикстинская мадонна»);” of the two longer works, one is Grossman’s multi-volume masterpiece novel Life and Fate (Жизнь и судьба) and the other is his novella (повесть) and final fictional work Everything Flows (Все течет). These texts were chosen for their aptness at demonstrating key features of Grossman’s prosody and philosophical thinking, both those that remained constant and those that evolved over time. The following study establishes that Grossman’s writing itself, by means of the formal structures he employs throughout his works, constitutes the embodiment and realization of his ethics. Specifically, the following work considers modes of movement and generation in Grossman’s writing that speak to the value he places on the individual human experience.

Taking up Henry Giroux’s call for an “enobling [sic], imaginative vision” and a “language of possibility” with which to generate hope and a plan for improving education in North America, this thesis presents Lev Grossman’s fantasy series – the Magicians trilogy, consisting of The Magicians (2009), The Magician King (2011), and The Magician’s Land (2014) – as providing this ‘vision’ and ‘language’ through its representations of education. Using a close reading practice alongside the method of thematic criticism outlined by Farah Mendlesohn, key passages in the series are analysed to explicate an “imaginative vision” of an ideal, alternative education and present this vision – alongside a plan for achieving it – to educators. I argue that the series can be a pedagogical tool to serve educators in recognising the issues inherent in the current North American education system and the need for reform, in facilitating and motivating the implementation of an ideal alternative in their classrooms – an autonomous education practice based on the theories of Paulo Freire and John Holt – and in aiding with explicit instruction on the concept of agency to foster student success within the new classroom practice. Through a process of literary analysis, the Magicians series is presented to educators to help them understand and implement theories such as liberating and dominating praxis, banking education, and autonomous education. Rather than waiting for institutional-level or school-level reforms, this thesis helps educators reform their classrooms immediately, improving education outcomes for students and demonstrating the possibilities and benefits of adopting an autonomous education practice. In addition to presenting the Magicians series as a pedagogical tool to address the issues in education, this thesis also posits fantasy fiction as a valuable body of literature for seeking solutions to real world problems by demonstrating the applicability of fantastic representations of education to solving real world issues. / Thesis / Master of Arts (MA) / This thesis presents Lev Grossman’s Magicians trilogy as a tool for teachers, scholars, and students to use in addressing the problems in education in North America today. Starting with Henry Giroux’s research and writings on the problems with North American education, the Magicians is presented as the “imaginative vision” Giroux says must be located in order to inspire hope and present a plan for addressing these issues and modifying education to improve the outcomes for every student. Combining the theories of educators Paulo Freire and John Holt with the practice of literary analysis, this thesis examines the Magicians and argues that a critical reading of this fantasy series can serve educators by identifying the current problems and the need for reform, by introducing a new autonomous education practice that can be used in individual classrooms, and by supporting students in this new system through teaching the concept of agency directly.

Den svenska befolkningen blir allt äldre, och denna förskjutning av befolkningssammansättningen leder till ett ökat behov av vård och omsorg. Den utmaning som detta medför för samhället motiverar att närmare studera vad som påverkar hälsan specifikt hos målgruppen äldre. Studien utgår från ett nytt datamaterial från en omfattande enkätundersökning besvarad av äldre invånare i Linköpings och Norrköpings kommun. Med Grossmans hälsoekonomiska modell som ramverk ämnar studien med kvantitativ metodik analysera vilken påverkan modellens faktorer har på äldres hälsa. För att möta syftet valde författarna att i regressionsanalys tillämpa modellen ordered probit och skatta effekterna av socioekonomiska faktorer och levnadsvanor på individers självrapporterade hälsa. Studien omfattade tio förklaringsvariabler i ett datamaterial omfattande 6 300 objekt. Resultatet visar att i en reducerad modell finns indikationer på att högre inkomst och utbildning kan leda till bättre hälsa i äldre, vilket överensstämmer med Grossmans teori. Utbildning uppvisar dock ej statistisk signifikans efter att förklaringsvariabler för levnadsvanor – rökning, fetma, alkoholmissbruk och motionering – introducerats i modellen. Författarna presenterar hypotesen att resultatet kan förklaras av att både utbildning och levnadsvanor fångas upp av en bakomliggande variabel – individens tidspreferens. Vidare finner författarna att Linköpingsbor i överensstämmelse med tidigare jämförelser anger en högre hälsonivå än Norrköpingsbor. Variabeln kommuntillhörighet visar sig vara signifikant efter kontroll av samtliga av studiens förklaringsvariabler, vilket kan tyda på en underliggande skillnad mellan kommunerna med avseende på kultur och socialt arv bortsett från effekter av levnadsvanor, utbildning och inkomstnivå.

I denna studie har vi med ett kvantitativt tillvägagångsätt analyserat hur den självskattade hälsan hos en sjukdomspopulation förhåller sig till socioekonomiska faktorer, social kontext och de tre inkomsthypoteserna. De tre inkomsthypoteserna avser absolutinkomsthypotesen, relativinkomsthypotesen och inkomstskillnadshypotesen. Datamaterialet som ligger till grund för denna studie baseras på registerdata över cirka 7700 patienter över 18 år från Stockholms län som genomgått ryggkirurgi under åren 2006–2016. Den självskattade hälsan analyserades både vid inskrivningstillfället i samband med ryggkirurgi samt som förändringen i den självskattade hälsan från inskrivningstillfället till ett år efter operationen. Till vår vetskap har tidigare forskning inte i någon större utsträckning analyserat sambandet mellan socioekonomiska faktorer och förändringen i självskattad hälsa i samband med vårdinsats, vilket är en del av vårt forskningsbidrag. Resultaten indikerar att social kontext inte har ett statistiskt signifikant samband med förändringen i självskattad hälsa. Vid analys av den initiala hälsonivån finner vi dock tvetydiga resultat för inkomstskillnadshypotesen och relativinkomsthypotesen. Vi finner att absolutinkomsten har en positiv korrelation med den självskattade hälsan både vid inskrivningstillfället och vid förändringen. Vi finner även att universitetsutbildning har ett statiskt signifikant och positivt samband med förändringen i självskattad hälsa dock gäller inte detta för den självskattade hälsan vid inskrivningstillfället. Våra resultat indikerar även att vara född utanför Europa har en statistiskt signifikant negativ korrelation med den självskattade hälsan vid inskrivningstillfället samt vid förändringen i självskattad hälsa. Våra resultat ger en djupare förståelse för vilka faktorer som kan ligga till grund för skillnader i självskattad hälsa hos en sjukdomspopulation. Vidare ger studien underlag för utformning av policyrekommendationer som riktar sig mot en jämnare fördelning av hälsa i samhället genom implementering av tolk och individuellt anpassad information / In this study, we analyzed the correlation between differences in self-reported health, socioeconomic status, social context and the three income hypotheses. The three income hypotheses refer to the absolute income hypothesis, the relative income hypothesis and the income inequality hypothesis. The sample of our study consists of about 7700 individuals age 18 and above from Stockholm county who have gone through surgery due to back pain in the years 2006-2016. With a quantitative approach, we analyzed the correlations between socioeconomic status, social context and health at two times in conjunction to a health care input. To our knowledge has previous research not to a greater extent analyzed the connection between socioeconomic status and the change in health in connection to a health care input, which is part of the contribution of this study. The results indicate that social context does not have a statistically significant correlation with the change in health after a health care input, although we find ambiguous results for the income inequality hypothesis and the relative income hypothesis when analyzing the initial health status. We find that absolute income has a statistically significant and positive correlation with both the initial self-rated health and the change in self rated health over time. An education at university has a statistically significant and positive correlation with the change in self-rated health between the two-time periods, however we do not find this result for the initial health status. Our results indicate that to be born outside of Europe correlates negatively and statistically significant with the change in selfreported health and the initial health status. Our results give a deeper understanding and knowledge to which factors that could explain differences in health for a population with a defined disease. Furthermore, based on our results we give policy recommendations targeted at a more even distribution of health in Sweden through implementing the use of translators and individually customized information.

Cinq auteurs nous permettent d’avoir une vision plurilatérale du conflit israélo-palestinien, aussi notre travail porte-t-il sur l’étude comparative de textes de Mahmoud Darwich, d’Edward Saïd, David Grossman, Jean Genet, et Philip Roth. Pour chacun, nous avons choisi un texte qui traduit leur rapport avec ce conflit, et au-delà leur lien avec un territoire et un peuple. C’est de ce lien dont il est question : soit l’écriture reflète, chez certains auteurs, les liens familiaux, ancestraux, originaires qui lient l’écrivain à sa communauté. Soit l’écriture étend ses marges vers d’autres nouages pour trouver des « branchements » en dehors du même. Entre les deux attitudes se jouent deux conceptions du politique, deux acceptations différentes du « démos » de la démocratie ; l’acceptation ou non de l’étrangeté. Ce sont alors également deux approches différentes de la littérature. Celle-ci n’a pas forcément à perpétuer nos « représentations » mais à les questionner pour que s’ouvre un autre rapport à l’autre et à nous-même. Les représentations dominantes chez les uns et les autres, chez les Israéliens comme chez les Palestiniens, sont marqués par un fantasme de plénitude qui exclut toute approche de l'autre. Le texte littéraire, inspiré de ces jeux de miroir avec le politique, devrait défaire ce fantasme afin que l'accès à l'autre et à sa reconnaissance soit libre. / Five authors provide give us a vision of plurilateral Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Our work also focuses on the comparative study of texts of Mahmoud Darwish, Edward Saïd, David Grossman, Jean Genet, and Philip Roth. For each of them, we chose a text that reflects their relationship to this conflict, and beyond their relationship with a territory and a people. This link is in question: is the writing reflects some authors, family ties, ancestral origin that binds the writer to his community. Either writing extends its margins to other knotting to find "connections" outside the same. Between the two attitudes are two conceptions of politics, two different meanings of "demos" of democracy and acceptance or not of strangeness. It then also two different approaches to literature, it did not necessarily perpetuate our "representations" but question them in order to open another relative to each other and ourselves that is no longer conditioned by them. Against the cult of the full and full of fantasy players raging on both sides of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, the literary text and the political will revise each other, so we can perhaps due recognition of otherness.