Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-11-12T14:48:35Z No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaDoSocorroBezerraDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 8242612 bytes, checksum: 0bf088500a19fde1a0ca76c1dbc40bd5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elisangela Moura (lilaalves@gmail.com) on 2015-11-16T14:22:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaDoSocorroBezerraDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 8242612 bytes, checksum: 0bf088500a19fde1a0ca76c1dbc40bd5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-11-16T14:22:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MariaDoSocorroBezerraDaSilva_DISSERT.pdf: 8242612 bytes, checksum: 0bf088500a19fde1a0ca76c1dbc40bd5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-13 / A explora??o e a produ??o de hidrocarbonetos exigem metodologias muito avan?adas para se conseguir trabalhar em condi??es cada vez mais adversas. Dentro destas novas metodologias de extra??o de petr?leo surge ? inje??o de solu??es polim?ricas, que torna-se eficiente no controle da mobilidade do fluido deslocante (?gua), e sob condi??es favor?veis, implica na antecipa??o da recupera??o de ?leo e, em alguns casos, fatores de recupera??o maiores. Este m?todo consiste em adicionar pol?meros ? ?gua de inje??o para aumentar sua viscosidade, fazendo com que a ?gua se difunda mais no meio poroso e aumentando a efici?ncia de varrido no reservat?rio. Neste trabalho, estuda-se atrav?s de simula??o num?rica, a aplica??o da inje??o de solu??o polim?rica em um reservat?rio homog?neo, semissint?tico com caracter?sticas do Nordeste Brasileiro, as simula??es num?ricas foram realizadas atrav?s do simulador t?rmico STARS da CMG (Computer Modelling Group). O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a influ?ncia de alguns par?metros de reservat?rio sobre o comportamento de produ??o do ?leo, tendo como resposta a produ??o acumulada. As simula??es da inje??o de solu??o polim?rica, al?m da simula??o da inje??o de ?gua, consistiram em diversas etapas de an?lise de sensibilidade de par?metros de reservat?rio e operacionais. Foram realizadas simula??es para analisar a influ?ncia da inje??o de ?gua, solu??o polim?rica e inje??o alternada de bancos de ?gua e de solu??o polim?rica, comparando os resultados para cada condi??o simulada. As principais vari?veis avaliadas foram: viscosidade do ?leo, porcentagem de pol?mero injetado, viscosidade do pol?mero e vaz?o de inje??o de ?gua. A avalia??o da influ?ncia das vari?veis consistiu de um planejamento experimental completo seguido de uma an?lise por Diagrama de Pareto com o objetivo de apontar quais as vari?veis seriam mais influentes sobre a resposta representada pela produ??o acumulada do ?leo. Encontrou-se que todas as vari?veis influenciaram significativamente na recupera??o de ?leo e que a inje??o de solu??o polim?rica de forma cont?nua se mostrou mais eficiente para a produ??o acumulada quando comparada a recupera??o do ?leo por inje??o cont?nua de ?gua. A recupera??o prim?ria apresentou baixos n?veis de produ??o de ?leo, a inje??o de ?gua melhora significativamente a produ??o de ?leo no reservat?rio, mas a inje??o de solu??o polim?rica surge como uma nova metodologia para o incremento da produ??o de ?leo, aumento da vida ?til do po?o e poss?vel diminui??o de ?gua produzida. / Developing an efficient methodology for oil recovery is extremely important . Within the range of enh anced oil recovery, known as EOR, the injection of polymer solutions becomes effective in controlling the mobility of displacing fluid . This method consists of adding polymers to the injection water to increase its viscosity, so that more water diffuses in to the porous medium and increasing the sweep efficiency in the reservoir. This work is studied by numerical simulation , application of the injection polymer solution in a homogeneous reservoir , semisynthetic with similar characteristics to the reservoirs of the Brazilian Northeast , numerical simulations were performed using thermal simulator STARS from CMG (Computer Modelling Group ). The study aimed to analyze the influence of some parameters on the behavior of reservoir oil production, with the response to cumulative production. Simulations were performed to analyze the influence of water injection, polymer solution and alternating injection of water banks and polymer solution, comparing the results for each simulated condition. The primary outcomes were: oil viscosity, percentage of injected polymer, polymer viscosity and flow rate of water injection. The evaluation of the influence of variables consisted of a complete experimental design followed a Pareto analysis for the purpose of pointing out which va riables would be most influential on the response represented b y the cumulative oil production . It was found that all variables significantly influenced the recovery of oil and the injection of polymer solution on an ongoing basis is more efficient for the cumulative production compared to oil recovery by continuous water injection. The primary recovery show ed low levels of oil production , water injection significantly improves the pro duction of oil in the reservoir , but the injection of polymer solution em erges as a new methodology to increase the production of oil, increasing the life of the well and possible reduction of water produced.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-12-02T23:42:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 EmiliannyRafaelyBatistaMagalhaes_DISSERT.pdf: 3489051 bytes, checksum: aecae2a6f4d56d33859bc277f23f7c34 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-09T20:21:47Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 EmiliannyRafaelyBatistaMagalhaes_DISSERT.pdf: 3489051 bytes, checksum: aecae2a6f4d56d33859bc277f23f7c34 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-09T20:21:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 EmiliannyRafaelyBatistaMagalhaes_DISSERT.pdf: 3489051 bytes, checksum: aecae2a6f4d56d33859bc277f23f7c34 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-30 / O principal efluente presente na ind?stria do petr?leo ? a ?gua produzida, que normalmente est? associada ao ?leo produzido, apresentando um consider?vel volume de produ??o e podendo refletir em efeitos nocivos ao meio ambiente e ? sociedade caso seu descarte seja inadequado, sendo imprescind?vel, portanto, um valoroso cuidado para estabelecer e manter a sua gest?o. O tratamento convencional para este efluente associa as t?cnicas de flocula??o e flota??o. Na flocula??o s?o utilizados floculantes convencionais que, al?m do alto custo, s?o fornecidos com pouca informa??o t?cnica. A flota??o ? a etapa na qual ? poss?vel obter a separa??o das part?culas coloidais presentes no efluente, sendo a flota??o por ar dissolvido (FAD) uma t?cnica que vem se consolidando economicamente e apresentantdo grande confiabilidade ambiental ao se comparar com outros processos. A FAD se apresenta como um processo largamente empregado em v?rios campos de tratamento de ?guas de abastecimento e de efluentes industriais em todo o planeta. Neste sentido, esse trabalho objetivou avaliar o potencial de um floculante alternativo natural ? base de Moringa oleifera na redu??o do teor de ?leos e graxas (TOG) da ?gua produzida na ind?stria do petr?leo atrav?s do m?todo de flocula??o/FAD. Avaliou-se a efici?ncia do floculante natural e se comparou sua efici?ncia com dois floculantes comerciais normalmente utilizados pela ind?stria do petr?leo (A e B). Os resultados de efici?ncias globais para todos os floculantes foram tratados atrav?s de planejamentos estat?sticos experimentais com base na utiliza??o do software STATISTICA vers?o 10.0. Obteve-se no planejamento experimental superf?cies de contorno e de resposta que foram interpretadas em termos da vari?vel resposta efici?ncia de remo??o de TOG (Teor de ?leos e/ou Graxas). O planejamento permitiu ainda a obten??o de modelos matem?ticos para c?lculo da vari?vel resposta nas condi??es estudadas. Os floculantes comerciais A e B apresentaram comportamentos similares, com efici?ncia global m?dia de 90% na efici?ncia de remo??o do ?leo, sendo a an?lise econ?mica o fator decisivo para a escolha de utiliza??o desses floculantes no processo. O floculante alternativo natural, ? base de Moringa oleifera, apresentou menor efici?ncia de separa??o que ?quelas de A e B (em m?dia 70%), por outro lado este floculante se apresenta ambientalmente correto e de menor custo. / The principal effluent in the oil industry is the produced water, which is commonly associated to the produced oil. It presents a pronounced volume of production and it can be reflected on the environment and society, if its discharge is unappropriated. Therefore, it is indispensable a valuable careful to establish and maintain its management. The traditional treatment of produced water, usualy includes both tecniques, flocculation and flotation. At flocculation processes, there are traditional floculant agents that aren?t well specified by tecnichal information tables and still expensive. As for the flotation process, it?s the step in which is possible to separate the suspended particles in the effluent. The dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a technique that has been consolidating economically and environmentally, presenting great reliability when compared with other processes. The DAF is presented as a process widely used in various fields of water and wastewater treatment around the globe. In this regard, this study was aimed to evaluate the potential of an alternative natural flocculant agent based on Moringa oleifera to reduce the amount of oil and grease (TOG) in produced water from the oil industry by the method of flocculation/DAF. the natural flocculant agent was evaluated by its efficacy, as well as its efficiency when compared with two commercial flocculant agents normally used by the petroleum industry. The experiments were conducted following an experimental design and the overall efficiencies for all flocculants were treated through statistical calculation based on the use of STATISTICA software version 10.0. Therefore, contour surfaces were obtained from the experimental design and were interpreted in terms of the response variable removal efficiency TOG (total oil and greases). The plan still allowed to obtain mathematical models for calculating the response variable in the studied conditions. Commercial flocculants showed similar behavior, with an average overall efficiency of 90% for oil removal, however it is the economical analysis the decisive factor to choose one of these flocculant agents to the process. The natural alternative flocculant agent based on Moringa oleifera showed lower separation efficiency than those of commercials one (average 70%), on the other hand this flocculant causes less environmental impacts and it?s less expensive

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-12-03T23:08:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JamillyDeSouzaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1873377 bytes, checksum: 1b4c6d02d280989d1909ffd15251b0ba (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-09T22:15:12Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JamillyDeSouzaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1873377 bytes, checksum: 1b4c6d02d280989d1909ffd15251b0ba (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-09T22:15:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JamillyDeSouzaCosta_DISSERT.pdf: 1873377 bytes, checksum: 1b4c6d02d280989d1909ffd15251b0ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-30 / Entre as diversas atividades aqu?colas, a carcinicultura sobressai-se devido ao alto valor comercial que os crust?ceos atingiram no mercado. Dentre as esp?cies de ?gua doce cultivadas, uma das que mais t?m se destacado ? Macrobrachium rosenbergii. O conhecimento sobre o comportamento da esp?cie e a influ?ncia das caracter?sticas do ambiente em seu desenvolvimento pode otimizar o manejo e minimizar prov?veis impactos ao meio ambiente e ao pr?prio animal. Assim, nosso objetivo geral foi caracterizar as atividades comportamentais dessa esp?cie nos est?gios iniciais do desenvolvimento em diferentes densidades de estocagem, nas fases do ciclo de luz. P?s-larvas com 30 dias de vida foram trazidas da Escola Agr?cola de Jundia? (EAJ), Maca?ba/RN e, em seguida, transferidas para o laborat?rio de Estudos do Comportamento do Camar?o (LECC), da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), onde foram medidas e pesadas. Para cada experimento, foram utilizados oito aqu?rios de 60 L (40 cm x 30 cm x 50 cm), com temperatura e aera??o constantes e filtra??o cont?nua atrav?s de m?dias filtrantes biol?gicas em mini-tubos, areia, l? de vidro e carv?o vegetal, contendo tr?s cent?metros de areia de filtro de piscina (granulometria m?dia) como substrato e submetidos ao ciclo de 12h/12h, tendo 30% da ?gua trocada uma vez por semana. Os abrigos utilizados foram peda?os de tijolos, sendo 2 em cada aqu?rio. A qualidade da ?gua foi monitorada semanalmente. Para observa??o do comportamento dos animais, utilizamos duas densidades: 25 animais m-? e 40 animais m-?. Os comportamentos foram observados atrav?s dos seguintes m?todos de registro: amostragem comportamental - entrada e sa?da do abrigo, coleta de alimento no substrato e na coluna d??gua, afastamento, ataque, persegui??o e canibalismo; scan - inatividade, alimenta??o, explora??o, cava??o, nata??o, limpeza e perman?ncia no abrigo. As observa??es ocorreram em janelas de 15 minutos/aqu?rio, 4 vezes ao dia, por 4 dias na semana, ao longo de 4 semanas. O alimento foi ofertado 2 vezes ao dia, imediatamente antes de 2? e da 4? janela de observa??o de cada aqu?rio. Nossos resultados demonstraram que na alta densidade, na fase de claro, os animais apresentaram maior frequ?ncia de atividades comportamentais que possivelmente promoveram menor exposi??o, e tamb?m evita??o de atos agon?sticos. Nessa densidade, na fase de escuro, a maior frequ?ncia foi de comportamentos que pareceram gerar maior exposi??o a riscos. Para a baixa densidade, encontramos um padr?o que pode ser importante para o manejo ao gerar mais conforto aos animais no ambiente de cultivo. Concluiu-se que a densidade de estocagem exerceu influ?ncia na express?o das atividades comportamentais de M. rosenbergii nos est?gios iniciais do desenvolvimento, com modifica??es no comportamento que indicam bem-estar pobre ao animal em condi??es de alta densidade de estocagem. / Among the species of freshwater shrimp being cultivated, Macrobrachium rosenbergii stands out. Knowledge about the behavior of this species and the influence of certain factors on its development can help optimize management practices and minimize the likely impacts shrimp farming has on the environment and the animals themselves. The objective of this study was to characterize the species' behavior during early stages of development under different stocking densities over a 24-hour cycle. Ten day old postlarvae were transferred from the Jundia? School of Agriculture (EAJ - Escola Agr?cola de Jundia?) in Maca?ba (RN), Brazil to the Shrimp Behavior Laboratory (LSPR - Laborat?rio de Estudos do Comportamento do Camar?o) at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), where they were weighed and measured. Eight aquaria with constant temperature, aeration and filtration, and subjected to a12 h light/12 h dark cycle were used for each experiment. Each aquarium also contained two shelters made of bricks and the water quality was monitored weekly. Behavioral observations were made at two densities: 25 individuals/m-? and 40 individuals/m-?. The methods for recording behaviors were: behavioral sampling ? enter and leave the shelter, exploring on the substrate, exploring in the water column, move away, attack, pursuit and cannibalism; scan sampling - inactivity, feeding, exploration, digging, swimming, cleaning and staying in the shelter. Observations were made during a 15 minute period/per aquarium at a frequency of 4 times daily, for 4 days/week, and over 4 weeks. Food was provided 2 times/day for each aquarium population, immediately before the 1st and 3rd observation periods. Our results demonstrate that at high density, there is an increased frequency of agonistic behavior; during the light phase, there is a greater frequency of behaviors that result in less exposure (inactivity, cleaning and staying in the shelter); during the dark phase, there is an increased frequency of behaviors that result in greater exposure (feeding, exploration, swimming and digging); at times of feed offer, there is an increased frequency of leaving the shelter, moving away, pursuit, feeding, exploration and swimming. At low density, the animals showed a lower frequency of agonistic behaviors, greater weight gain and higher growth rates, which indicates that this is a more favorable growing environment for cultivation and when applied, can generate better living conditions, favor survival rates and increase management success

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-12-14T21:49:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexMessiasMarques_DISSERT.pdf: 947726 bytes, checksum: 02e17456e0f162d2434e87bbd350fbbc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-17T20:30:27Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexMessiasMarques_DISSERT.pdf: 947726 bytes, checksum: 02e17456e0f162d2434e87bbd350fbbc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-17T20:30:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AlexMessiasMarques_DISSERT.pdf: 947726 bytes, checksum: 02e17456e0f162d2434e87bbd350fbbc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-24 / No ensino de qu?mica diversos trabalhos com enfoque CTS tem sido realizados nos ?ltimos anos principalmente no n?vel m?dio. Alguns destes trabalhos se preocupam em apresentar uma discuss?o sobre uma tem?tica local abordando quest?es cient?fico-tecnol?gicas. Neste trabalho ? apresentada uma pesquisa desenvolvida na Escola Estadual Orlando Ven?ncio localizada no munic?pio de Cuit?, interior da Para?ba. O objetivo geral foi elaborar uma unidade did?tica que discuta a problem?tica da ?gua nesta cidade a partir do enfoque CTS. A aplica??o do material produzido aconteceu numa turma de 2? ano do ensino m?dio com a participa??o de 20 alunos. Foram realizados 7 encontros de 100 minutos. Para a avalia??o do material e coleta de dados fez-se uso de 2 question?rios. A partir da avalia??o do material did?tico produzido pode-se observar que os estudantes participantes avaliaram o material de forma bastante positiva. / Currently it is expected that science education will enable a more comprehensive conception of the world and of the relationship between scientific knowledge, technology and society. Thus, we seek the science teaching attend around contexts related to science, technology and society (STS). According CTS approaches, the science education should promote learning in the scientific, technological and social fields, from experienced real contexts, generating motivation to students, offering them tools to work as scientifically literate citizens. For this, it becomes crucial to resort to innovative activities and the various methodologies and appropriate teaching materials, and there is a lack of this perspective in general basic education, which drives the practice of an STS approach. Therefore, the aim of this research is the production of an instructional sequence for the exploration of the theme: "The quality of the water in the municipality of Cuit?-PB," according to focus CTS in the 2nd year of high school. The choice of this topic is due to the problem caused by the quality of water in this municipality, with the concern to address an issue that came to work the critical / reflective understanding of a real context, in order to sensitize students to the importance of scientific / technological knowledge. The selection criteria of STS subjects were also observed. In this research the materials were produced and applied by the teacher / researcher. For data collection we used the observation and analysis of student records. The results were encouraging in the sense of participation, motivation and skill acquisition. This research contributes to the teaching of science with a focus STS, as well as encourage the use of perspective in new contexts with real questioning

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2015-12-14T21:49:03Z No. of bitstreams: 1 IanySilvaDeSantana_DISSERT.pdf: 3543577 bytes, checksum: 48444e942b6918ca456b26f0b79adb77 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2015-12-17T21:42:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 IanySilvaDeSantana_DISSERT.pdf: 3543577 bytes, checksum: 48444e942b6918ca456b26f0b79adb77 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-17T21:42:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 IanySilvaDeSantana_DISSERT.pdf: 3543577 bytes, checksum: 48444e942b6918ca456b26f0b79adb77 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-11 / A evid?ncia do tema ?gua em not?cias jornal?sticas se configura como um importante tema de interesse para contextualizar, problematizar e/ou gerar significado em meio a discuss?o de conte?dos de diferentes n?veis de ensino e/ou disciplinas da educa??o b?sica. As possibilidades de utilizar esse tema em sala de aula ? tamb?m ressaltada nos documentos oficiais brasileiros que orientam a pr?tica de professores de todos os componentes curriculares brasileiro desse n?vel de ensino. Assim, a tem?tica ?gua pode ser utilizada como subs?dio para ensinar qu?mica, uma vez que contextualiza o ensino dessa disciplina auxiliando na discuss?o de diferentes conceitos qu?micos. A teoria da aprendizagem significativa, desenvolvida por David Ausubel, possui cunho construtivista e diz que um indiv?duo aprende significativamente quando consegue relacionar uma nova informa??o com uma estrutura de conhecimento espec?fica que integra a sua estrutura de conhecimentos pr?vios. Nesse sentido, o uso do tema ?gua como conhecimento pr?vio para a abordagem de conceitos qu?micos j? vem se caracterizando como uma importante tema que pode dar significado aos conte?dos de ensino na qu?mica. Nesta disserta??o ? apresentada uma unidade de ensino potencialmente significativa (UEPS) com base na teoria da aprendizagem significativa de David Ausubel e estudos de MOREIRA (2010) abordando a tem?tica ?gua. A unidade foi aplicada em uma turma de trinta e cinco alunos do 2? ano do ensino m?dio, de uma escola p?blica do munic?pio de Extremoz-RN. Atrav?s dela, foi poss?vel discutir uma problem?tica de interesse dos alunos da escola para abordar conte?dos da qu?mica, como por exemplo, solu??es, aspectos f?sico-qu?micos e as etapas de tratamento da ?gua. Em um primeiro momento foi aplicado um question?rio inicial para identifica??o das ideias pr?vias dos alunos referente ao tema em estudo ao conceito de solu??es qu?micas. Posteriormente, foi elaborada e aplicada uma sequ?ncia de atividades baseada nas ideias dos alunos. Para subsidiar a sequencia foram preparadas quatro cartilhas que trabalhavam o conte?do das solu??es qu?micas contextualizando com o tema ?gua. Os resultados deste trabalho mostraram que as ideias que os alunos apresentam a respeito de conceitos relacionados ao conte?do de solu??es qu?micas s?o semelhantes ?s ideias de outros alunos apresentadas na literatura e que a elabora??o da unidade de ensino potencialmente significativa aliada ? estrat?gia da contextualiza??o com o tema ?gua, motivou os alunos para o ensino de conte?dos qu?micos, al?m de proporcionar a aprendizagem de conceitos qu?micos n?o de forma isolada, mas fazendo uma liga??o entre suas ideias e viv?ncias, com o conhecimento cientifico. Para tanto, al?m de aulas expositivas dialogadas tamb?m foi usado estrat?gias como: atividades experimentais, resolu??o de problemas, discuss?es em grupos e constru??o de mapas conceituais. A avalia??o final da unidade foi realizada atrav?s de um question?rio baseado na escala de likert, respondido individualmente pelos estudantes, que aprovaram a unidade como favor?vel ao processo de ensino e aprendizagem da qu?mica. / The evidence of the water theme in news reports is configured as an important topic of interest to contextualize, problematize and/or generate meaning in the midst of discussion of a content from different levels of education and/or disciplines of basic education. The possibilities to use this theme in classroom is also highlighted in Brazilian official documents that guide the practice of teachers of all Brazilian curricular components of this educational level. So, the theme water can be used as subsidy to teach chemistry, since contextualises the teaching of this discipline aiding in the discussion of different chemical concepts. In this perspective, the meaningful learning theory, developed by David Ausubel, has constructivist nature and says that an individual learns significantly when he can relate new information with a specific knowledge structure that integrates the prior knowledge of its structure. In this sense, the use of water as a theme for the approach prior knowledge of chemical concepts has already been characterized as an important topic that can give meaning to the content of education in chemistry. In this dissertation, a teaching unit potentially significant (TUPS) is presented based on meaningful learning theory of David Ausubel approaching the theme water. approaching the theme water. The unit was used in a class of thirty-five students of the 2nd year of high school, a public school in the city of Extremoz-RN, metropolitan region of Natal / RN. Through it was possible to discuss an issue of interest to students of the school to address the chemical contents, such as solutions, physicochemical aspects and stages of water treatment. At first, an initial questionnaire was used to identify the students' previous ideas on the topic under study to the concept of chemical solutions. It was subsequently developed and implemented a series of activities based on students' ideas. To subsidize the sequence, it was prepared four booklets that worked the content of chemical solutions, contextualizing the theme water. The results of this work showed that the alternative conceptions that students have about concepts related to the chemical solutions are similar to the ideas of other students presented in the literature and that the development of the TUPS, allied to the contextualization strategy with the theme water, not only motivated the students for the teaching of chemical content, as yet provided the learning of chemical concepts not in isolation, but making a connection between their ideas and experiences with scientific knowledge. To this, beyond of dialogued lectures, were also used strategies as experimental activities, problem solving, group discussions and construction of concept maps. The final evaluation of the unit was conducted by a questionnaire based on the Likert scale, answered individually by students, who approved the unit as conducive to teaching and learning of chemistry process

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-14T20:12:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DesireeAlvesDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 4252361 bytes, checksum: 14ff010f4e058570dc409a00bdcfd35b (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-01-19T19:47:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DesireeAlvesDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 4252361 bytes, checksum: 14ff010f4e058570dc409a00bdcfd35b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-19T19:47:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DesireeAlvesDeOliveira_DISSERT.pdf: 4252361 bytes, checksum: 14ff010f4e058570dc409a00bdcfd35b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-12-19 / A solu??o da equa??o diferencial parcial de problemas de percola??o ? dif?cil de ser encontrada analiticamente, especialmente para situa??es que envolvem grande complexidade. Para contornar este problema usualmente s?o utilizados softwares com base em diferen?as finitas e elementos finitos. A presente disserta??o apresenta a utiliza??o de um software de elementos finitos, o GEO5, para a resolu??o do problema de percola??o numa barragem de se??o bastante complexa, a Barragem Eng. Armando Ribeiro Gon?alves, que no final de sua constru??o sofreu ruptura do talude de montante da barragem central e, depois passou por um processo de reconstru??o e ausculta??o. As an?lises foram realizadas para a condi??o de opera??o do reservat?rio, com fluxo estabelecido. Um modelo num?rico foi elaborado com base nas leituras de n?vel d??gua do reservat?rio e respectivas leituras piezom?tricas como uma proposta para a avalia??o e previs?o do comportamento futuro da barragem em condi??es de fluxo estabelecido. A utiliza??o de modelos constitutivos com o aux?lio de sistemas computacionais traduz-se em uma forma de se prever futuras situa??es de risco de forma que possam ser evitadas / The solution of partial differential equation of seepage problems is difficult to find analytically, especially for situations that involve great complexity. To overcome this problem, software based on finite differences and finite elements are usually used. This work presents the use of a finite element software, the GEO5, to solve the seepage problem at a dam of very complex section, the dam Eng. Armando Ribeiro Gon?alves, which at the end of its construction suffered rupture of the upstream slope at the central dam and then went through a process of reconstruction and auscultation. The analyses were performed for the operating condition of the reservoir, with an established flow. A numerical model was developed based on the level readings of the reservoir water and their piezometric readings as a proposal for the evaluation and future behavior prediction of the dam on established flow conditions. The use of constitutive models with the aid of computer systems is reflected in a way to predict future risk situations so they can be prevented

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-01-15T14:35:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoGualbertoDeCerqueiraJunior_TESE.pdf: 3490719 bytes, checksum: 73f41f19f21185460dd85e43135bf612 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elisangela Moura (lilaalves@gmail.com) on 2016-03-11T12:32:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoGualbertoDeCerqueiraJunior_TESE.pdf: 3490719 bytes, checksum: 73f41f19f21185460dd85e43135bf612 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-11T12:32:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JoaoGualbertoDeCerqueiraJunior_TESE.pdf: 3490719 bytes, checksum: 73f41f19f21185460dd85e43135bf612 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-06-10 / Ag?ncia Espacial Brasileira - AEB / O objetivo do trabalho foi estudar a possibilidade de calibra??o do fot?metro solar multibanda (FSM-4), desenvolvido para esse trabalho, que opera nas bandas de 500 nm, 670 nm 870 nm e 940 nm. Investigou-se a estabilidade da profundidade ?ptica da atmosfera em um s?tio na cidade de Caic?/RN, situada regi?o semi?rida do nordeste do Brasil. O s?tio ? uma regi?o afastada de grandes centros e de atividades geradoras de polui??o atmosf?rica. Foram coletados dados de irradi?ncia solar direta em duas campanhas distintas durante o per?odo seco, sendo uma em Dezembro de 2012 e outra em Setembro de 2013, para fins de calibra??o do prot?tipo. Para a calibra??o foram utilizados os m?todos de Langley (ML) e m?todo modificado de Langley (MLM), fazendo-se uso das medidas coletadas. Para as bandas de 500 nm, 670 nm e 870 nm, utilizadas para a medida da profundidade ?ptica por aeross?is (AOD), foi utilizado o ML e para a banda de 940 nm, na qual ? medida a coluna de ?gua precipit?vel (PWC) ou vapor de ?gua na atmosfera, utilizou-se o MLM. Dentre os v?rios componentes constituintes da atmosfera, o vapor de ?gua e os aeross?is s?o os que apresentam a maior variabilidade temporal, devido a fen?menos naturais e antropog?nicos, e exercem um papel importante no balan?o de energia do planeta. O que justifica os esfor?os para o desenvolvimento de um equipamento de baixo custo. Assim, por meio do ML e MLM aplicado aos dados coletados, foram observadas variabilidades na AOD e PWC para as quatro bandas, nos dois per?odos estudados. Essa variabilidade da AOD e PWC no momento da coleta, que se d? por meio do espalhamento ou absor??o da radia??o solar na atmosfera, prejudicam o ajuste da reta aos dados e dificultando a obten??o da constante de calibra??o. Entretanto a regi?o ainda n?o pode ser totalmente descartada como s?tio de calibra??o, pois as campanhas foram de dura??o reduzida e as metodologias devem ser testadas em outros per?odos do ano. Como alternativa para a calibra??o do fot?metro solar, foi feito um estudo de curta dura??o, junto ao fot?metro da rede mundial AERONET (AERsol RObotic NETwork), instalado em Petrolina/PE, da ag?ncia espacial americana (NASA). Foram coletados dados durante tr?s dias com os instrumentos AERONET e FSM-4 operados simultaneamente no mesmo local. Por meio das t?cnicas de ML e MLM foram obtidos valores para teste das constantes de calibra??o. Foi observada uma converg?ncia dos valores, apesar da pouca quantidade de dados coletados. A metodologia mostrou-se uma alternativa vi?vel para a calibra??o do FSM-4. / Instrumentation is a tool of fundamental importance for research in several areas of human knowledge. Research projects are often unfeasible when data cannot be obtained due to lack of instruments, especially due to impor ting difficulties and the high costs there associated. Thus, in order to collaborate with the enhancement of a national technology, a multiband hand - held sun p hotometer (FSM - 4) was developed to operate in the 500 nm, 670 nm, 870 nm and 940 nm bands. In the 500 nm, 670 nm and 870 nm bands aerosols are monitored for evaluation of the AOD (Aerosol Optical Depth), and the PWC (Precipitable Water Column) is evaluated in the 940 nm band. For the development of the mech anical and electronic parts for the FSM - 4, th e materials and componen ts should combine low cost and quality of the data collected. The calibration process utilized the Langley method (ML) and Modified Langley Method (MLM). These methods are usually applied at high altitudes in order to provide atmosp heric optical stability. This condition however can be found in low height sites as shown in the research by Liu et al. (2010). Thus, for calibration of the FSM - 4, we investigated the atmospher ic optical stability utilizing the ML and MLM at a site in the cit y of Caic? / RN, located in the s emiarid region in northeastern Brazil. This site lies in a region far aw ay from large urban centers and activities generating anthropogenic atmospheric pollution. Data for calibration of the prototype were collected usin g the FSM - 4 in two separate operations during the dry season, one in December 2012 and another in September 2013. The methodologies showed optical atmospheric instability in the studied region through the dispersion of the values obtained for the calibrati on constant. This dispersion is affected by the variability of AOD and PWC during the appl ication of the above mentioned methods . As an alternative to the descr ibed sun photometer calibration , a short study was performed using the sun photometer worldwide network AERONET/NASA (AERsol RObotic NETwork ? US Space Agency), installed in Petrolina / PE in Brazil. Data were collected for three days utilizing the AERONET instruments and the FSM - 4, operating simultaneously on the same site. By way of the ML and MLM techniques, convergent test values were obtained for the calibration constants, despite the low amount of data collected. This calibration transfer methodology proved to be a viable alternative to the FSM - 4 calibration .

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-05T22:26:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LaisSibaldoRibeiro_DISSERT.pdf: 1705871 bytes, checksum: 948e4beb72da1823f2fb24c8464e7377 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-16T19:20:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LaisSibaldoRibeiro_DISSERT.pdf: 1705871 bytes, checksum: 948e4beb72da1823f2fb24c8464e7377 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-16T19:20:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LaisSibaldoRibeiro_DISSERT.pdf: 1705871 bytes, checksum: 948e4beb72da1823f2fb24c8464e7377 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-03 / Ag?ncia Nacional do Petr?leo - ANP / Os fluidos de perfura??o t?m import?ncia fundamental nas atividades petrol?feras, uma vez que, s?o respons?veis por permitir a retirada dos cascalhos provenientes da perfura??o, a manuten??o da press?o e a estabilidade do po?o, evitando desmoronamentos e influxo de fluido na forma??o rochosa, al?m da lubrifica??o e resfriamento da broca. Existem basicamente tr?s tipos de fluidos de perfura??o, s?o eles: de base aquosa, de base n?o aquosa e aerado. O fluido de perfura??o de base aquosa ? amplamente usado por ser menos agressivo ao meio ambiente e apresentar excelente estabilidade e inibi??o (em fluidos aquosos inibidos), entre outras qualidades. A ?gua produzida ? gerada simultaneamente com o petr?leo durante a produ??o e possui grandes concentra??es de metais e contaminantes, sendo necess?rio trat?-la para descart?-la. A ?gua produzida dos campos de Urucu-AM e do Riacho da Forquilha-RN possuem elevadas concentra??es de contaminantes, metais e sais, como de c?lcio e magn?sio, dificultando o seu tratamento e descarte. Com isso, o objetivo desse trabalho foi analisar o uso da ?gua produzida sint?tica com caracter?sticas semelhantes ?s ?guas produzidas de UrucuAM e de Riacho da Forquilha-RN na formula??o de um fluido de perfura??o aquoso, observando nas ?guas sint?ticas de Urucu-AM e de Riacho da forquilha-RN a influ?ncia da varia??o da concentra??o de c?lcio e de magn?sio nos testes de reologia e filtrado. Realizouse um planejamento experimental fatorial simples 32 para modelagem estat?stica dos dados. Os resultados mostraram que a varia??o das concentra??es de c?lcio e magn?sio n?o influencia na reologia do fluido, onde a viscosidade pl?stica, viscosidade aparente e os g?is inicial e final n?o oscilaram significativamente. Para o filtrado, a concentra??o de c?lcio influenciou de forma linear na concentra??o de cloreto, onde quanto maior a concentra??o de c?lcio, maior a concentra??o de cloreto no filtrado. Para o volume de filtrado foi observado nos fluidos formulados com ?gua sint?tica de Urucu-AM que a concentra??o de c?lcio influencia de forma quadr?tica, isso significa que elevadas concentra??es de c?lcio interferem no poder de reten??o dos inibidores de filtrado utilizados na formula??o do fluido, j? nos fluidos formulados a partir de ?gua produzida sint?tica de Riacho da Forquilha-RN, a concentra??o de c?lcio influencia de forma linear. A concentra??o de magn?sio influenciou apenas na concentra??o de cloreto de forma quadr?tica nos fluidos formulados a partir da ?gua sint?tica de Urucu-AM. O fluido com concentra??o m?xima de magn?sio (9,411g/L), e concentra??o m?nima de c?lcio (0,733g/L) apresentou bons resultados. Portanto, uma ?gua produzida com concentra??o m?xima de magn?sio de 9,411g/L e m?xima de c?lcio de 0,733g/L pode ser utilizada para formula??o de fluidos de perfura??o de base aquosa, conferindo propriedades adequadas a esse tipo de fluido. / Drilling fluids have fundamental importance in the petroleum activities, since they are responsible for remove the cuttings, maintain pressure and well stability, preventing collapse and inflow of fluid into the rock formation and maintain lubrication and cooling the drill. There are basically three types of drilling fluids: water-based, non-aqueous and aerated based. The water-based drilling fluid is widely used because it is less aggressive to the environment and provide excellent stability and inhibition (when the water based drilling fluid is a inhibition fluid), among other qualities. Produced water is generated simultaneously with oil during production and has high concentrations of metals and contaminants, so it?s necessary to treat for disposal this water. The produced water from the fields of Urucu-AM and Riacho da forquilha-RN have high concentrations of contaminants, metals and salts such as calcium and magnesium, complicating their treatment and disposal. Thus, the objective was to analyze the use of synthetic produced water with similar characteristics of produced water from Urucu-AM and Riacho da Forquilha-RN for formulate a water-based drilling mud, noting the influence of varying the concentration of calcium and magnesium into filtered and rheology tests. We conducted a simple 32 factorial experimental design for statistical modeling of data. The results showed that the varying concentrations of calcium and magnesium did not influence the rheology of the fluid, where in the plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity and the initial and final gels does not varied significantly. For the filtrate tests, calcium concentration in a linear fashion influenced chloride concentration, where when we have a higher concentration of calcium we have a higher the concentration of chloride in the filtrate. For the Urucu?s produced water based fluids, volume of filtrate was observed that the calcium concentration influences quadratically, this means that high calcium concentrations interfere with the power of the inhibitors used in the formulation of the filtered fluid. For Riacho?s produced water based fluid, Calcium?s influences is linear for volume of filtrate. The magnesium concentration was significant only for chloride concentration in a quadratic way just for Urucu?s produced water based fluids. The mud with maximum concentration of magnesium (9,411g/L), but minimal concentration of calcium (0,733g/L) showed good results. Therefore, a maximum water produced by magnesium concentration of 9,411g/L and the maximum calcium concentration of 0,733g/L can be used for formulating water-based drilling fluids, providing appropriate properties for this kind of fluid.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-22T23:12:48Z No. of bitstreams: 1 LuizClaudioCardozoChaves_DISSERT.pdf: 1604573 bytes, checksum: 8902b5b5dc8f0c595c2e22ec6d9b6b3a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-02-26T00:07:58Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 LuizClaudioCardozoChaves_DISSERT.pdf: 1604573 bytes, checksum: 8902b5b5dc8f0c595c2e22ec6d9b6b3a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-02-26T00:07:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 LuizClaudioCardozoChaves_DISSERT.pdf: 1604573 bytes, checksum: 8902b5b5dc8f0c595c2e22ec6d9b6b3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-04 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES / A contamina??o de corpos h?dricos por subst?ncias t?xicas causa a diminui??o da qualidade da ?gua, representando um risco para a sa?de p?blica. Neste contexto, atividades antr?picas s?o geralmente vistas como as principais fontes de degrada??o da ?gua. Entretanto, elementos encontrados naturalmente no ambiente tamb?m podem comprometer a qualidade da ?gua. Assim, o a?ude do Boqueir?o, localizado no munic?pio de Parelhas (RN/Brasil), foi escolhido como a ?rea para o desenvolvimento deste estudo uma vez que est? em uma regi?o geologicamente rica em emiss?o de radia??o ionizante natural que gera subprodutos como o chumbo e o rad?nio. Al?m disso, ? uma ?rea com forte influ?ncia humana que aumenta os riscos de descargas de poluentes para este corpo d??gua. Assim, os objetivos deste estudo est?o centrados (i) na an?lise da percep??o do risco da popula??o do munic?pio de Parelhas (RN/Brasil) acerca do consumo da ?gua do a?ude do Boqueir?o; e (ii) na avalia??o da qualidade da ?gua do a?ude empregando v?rias metodologias que quantifiquem, principalmente, os n?veis de metais pesados e radioatividade, assim como, o potencial destes t?xicos induzirem muta??es no material gen?tico. A an?lise da percep??o revelou que a popula??o do munic?pio percebe um risco na utiliza??o do a?ude e que conhecem os fatores que influenciam na qualidade de ?gua. Considerando o segundo objetivo, o conjunto de dados aponta para a contamina??o do a?ude por metais pesados, al?m de terem sido encontrados altos n?veis de part?culas radioativas e rad?nio ? tamb?m presente em altas concentra??es no ar e no solo. Desta forma, podemos inferir que a popula??o que reside nesta localidade est? sujeita ?s inj?rias provocadas pela exposi??o ? contamina??o natural e antropog?nica. Nossos resultados corroboram com a percep??o que a popula??o tem em rela??o ao risco do uso deste a?ude para diversas finalidades. Esperase que as informa??es reunidas neste trabalho fundamentem atividades e pesquisas subsequentes nesta regi?o semi?rida do Rio Grande do Norte/Brasil. Que os dados viabilizem uma melhor compreens?o do cen?rio espec?fico de risco toxicol?gico da popula??o e o efeito da contamina??o para a biota, o que auxilia o desenvolvimento de uma futura avalia??o do risco e consequente gerenciamento desta problem?tica local. Palavras Chave: Mutagenicidade; Agentes geog?nicos; Percep??o de risco; Qualidade de ?gua; Semi?rido. / The contamination of water bodies with toxic substances causes a decrease in water quality, representing a risk to public health. In this context, human activities are generally seen as the main sources of water degradation. However, elements found naturally in the environment can also compromise water quality. Thus, the Boqueir?o?s dam, located in the municipality of Parelhas (RN, Brazil), was chosen as area for the development of this study, as its geological region is rich in the emission of natural ionizing radiation that produces byproducts like lead and Radon. Moreover, the area has a strong human influence that enhances the risks of pollutant discharge in this body of water.Thus, the objectives of this study were centered (i) in the analysis of risk perception in the city of Parelhas (RN/Brasil) due to the use of the water from the Boqueir?o Dam; and (ii) in the assessment of water quality in the Dam using methods that quantify, mainly, heavy metals and radiation levels, as well as these toxics potential of inducing mutations on genetic material. The analysis of risk perception showed that the population in the city of Parelhas can perceive a risk in using the water from the dam and that they can recognize factors that influence the water quality. Regarding the second objective, the set of data point to the contamination of the Dam by heavy metals, as well as levels of radioactive parcicles and Radon ? also present in high concentrations in outdoor air and on soil. Thus, it is possible to infer that the population residing in this area is subjected to injuries caused by exposure to natural and anthropogenic contamination. Our findings corroborate with the perception of the population regarding the risks associated with the use of the Dam for several types of activities. It is expected that the information gathered in this study can substantiate activities and future researches in this semiarid region in the Rio Grande do Norte/Brazil. Also, that the set of data can enable a better understanding of the specific toxicological scenario of risk found for the population and the effect of the contamination for the biota, which aids the development of a future risk assessment and a consequent management of this local issue.

Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2016-02-29T23:02:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 JosielDeAlencarGuedes_TESE.pdf: 2877497 bytes, checksum: 5fcf7b4fcec8ebb383fe74057bfc7036 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-02T20:15:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 JosielDeAlencarGuedes_TESE.pdf: 2877497 bytes, checksum: 5fcf7b4fcec8ebb383fe74057bfc7036 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-02T20:15:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 JosielDeAlencarGuedes_TESE.pdf: 2877497 bytes, checksum: 5fcf7b4fcec8ebb383fe74057bfc7036 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-01-30 / Os reservat?rios s?o mananciais constru?dos ao longo de canais fluviais, com a intercepta??o por barramentos feitos por concreto ou terra. No Brasil eles s?o constru?dos para diversas finalidades, destacando-se a gera??o de energias (hidrel?tricas), regulariza??o de vaz?o e cria??o de reservas h?dricas, e conten??o de enchentes, por isso desempenharam e ainda desempenham papel importante na sociedade moderna. No semi?rido da regi?o Nordeste, normalmente s?o utilizados para o abastecimento de cidades e como fonte de alimenta??o. No Estado do Rio Grande do Norte, os grandes reservat?rios s?o destinados a esta mesma finalidade. Cidades que se formaram ?s margens de rios, ou que tenham canais fluviais cruzando seu espa?o, lidam com problemas relacionados e inunda??o. Na cidade de Maca?ba-RN, esse processo ocorria sistematicamente durante o per?odo chuvoso, causando grandes transtornos ? popula??o local. Fruto de reivindica??o coletiva, foi constru?do o Reservat?rio de Tabatinga no rio Jundia?, a montante da cidade. Diante deste cen?rio, esta tese visou analisar a qualidade socioambiental desse manancial. Para atingir esse objetivo, foram empregadas metodologias centradas na averigua??o da qualidade de ?gua, al?m da aplica??o de question?rio para conhecer a percep??o dos moradores da ?rea rural, onde o reservat?rio foi constru?do e dos moradores da ?rea urbana da cidade. Os resultados mostraram a exist?ncia de conflitos dos moradores das comunidades rurais e a presen?a do reservat?rio, enquanto que para a popula??o da cidade, o reservat?rio ? considerado a solu??o correta para o t?rmino das enchentes na zona urbana, mas entendem que tamb?m servem como fonte econ?mica para a popula??o rural. Considerando a avalia??o da fonte de ?gua, este estudo concluiu que o Reservat?rio Tabatinga est? impr?prio para uso, em fun??o da presen?a de metais de signific?ncia toxicol?gica com potencial de causar danos ao material gen?tico dos indiv?duos que utilizam esse a?ude para diversos fins, podendo levar s?rios riscos ? sa?de da popula??o. / The reservoirs are water sources built along the fluvial basins, between rivers and dams made by concrete or earth. In Brazil they are built for different purposes, standing out the generation of energy (hydroelectric power station), flowing regulation, water reserves and flooding control, therefore they have played and still play an important role in the modern society.In the Northeastern semiarid region, they are typically used to supply cities and as a source of food.In the state of Rio Grande do Norte, the large reservoirs are intended for the same purpose.The cities settled in the riverbanks, or which have river channels crossing them, face flooding related problems. In the city of Maca?ba-RN, flooding occurred systematically during the rainy season, causing great inconvenience to the local population.As product of the collective claim Tabatinga Reservoir in Jundia? river was built, upstream of the city. Facing this background, this thesis aimed to assess the s?cio-environmental quality of this reservoir.To achieve this goal, methodologies pointed to assess water quality along with the aplication of a questionnaire were used aimed to verify the quality of water and to know the perception of the residents from urban and rural ?rea settled near to the reservoir was performed. The results showed the existence of conflicts of residents of rural communities and the presence of the reservoir, while for the city's population, the reservoir is considered not only the right solution to solve flooding in urban areas, but also as economic source for the rural population. Considering the water source assessment, this study concluded that the Tabatinga Reservoir is unfit for human use, due to the presence of metals of toxicological significance with the potential to elicit damage to the genetic material of individuals that use water from this reservoir, leading to cause serious risks to health population.