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81	EFFECTS OF FOREST MANAGEMENT ON TERRESTRIAL SALAMANDERS IN A MIDWEST HARDWOOD ECOSYSTEM Alison E Ochs (17118751) 13 October 2023 (has links) <p dir="ltr">To examine how forest management affects terrestrial salamanders, this dissertation: (1) examines the effects of timber harvesting strategies on salamanders; (2) examines the effects of prescribed fire for oak regeneration on salamander populations; and (3) explores the influence of artificial cover object (ACO) wood type, size and shape, and placement on salamander monitoring results. These projects were conducted at the Hardwood Ecosystem Experiment (HEE) and Martell Experimental Forest in Indiana. Long-term salamander monitoring data from the HEE were used to examine the effects of clearcuts, shelterwoods, and patch cuts on salamander captures collected up to eleven years post-harvest and were analyzed with a before-after-control-impact (BACI) design. Clearcuts and patch cuts had negative effects on salamanders 4-6 years post-harvest, which coincided with a drought; however, preparatory and establishment shelterwood harvests showed no effects on salamander captures, suggesting that retaining canopy cover may protect salamanders from compound disturbances such as drought. Also at the HEE, capture-recapture techniques were used to examine salamander population estimates before and after fire. Only two of three fires affected salamander populations. In the short term, prescribed fire effects on salamanders may be weak and intermittent and microclimate may have a greater effect on populations, although the longer-term effects of fire remain unknown. At Martell Experimental Forest, salamander numbers were compared beneath ACOs of different wood types, sizes and shapes, and grid arrays of different spacings. Pine ACOs were preferred over ash, while several small ACOs yielded equal salamander numbers to one large ACO of equal total area. High ACO density may increase capture probability but reduce the area sampled by each ACO, while lower density ACO grids may cover a larger area with the same sampling effort and produce more comparable results, but with less precision; choice of ACO experimental design will therefore require careful consideration of management goals. This dissertation also suggests strategies to support salamander populations as guidelines for managers to consider in management planning.</p> Forestry fire management Forestry management and environment Environmental assessment and monitoring Wildlife and habitat management Salamander monitoring Salamanders Amphibians Before-after-control-impact timber harvesting practices forest management clearcut logging silvicultural practices shelterwood patch cut drought Compound disturbance coarse woody debris prescribed fire Controlled burns capture-recapture analysis Artificial cover objects coverboards
82	Long term restoration effects : Effects of restoration measures on restoration success in nature reserves in acidic fen, buffered fen, dry heather, wet heather, and wet grassland in Drenthe, Netherlands Nyström, Erika January 2020 (has links) Habitat degradation, fragmentation and loss are important factors causing loss in biodiversity and red listed species, and restoring habitats is essential in preventing this. However, there is a limited knowledge of the long term effects of restoration measures. This study focuses on analysing the long term restoration success of restoration measures carried out in a restoration program between the 1980's and early 2000's in locations of acidic fen, buffered fen, dry heather, wet heather, and wet grassland. The aim of the restoration program was to diminish the effects on ecosystems that were influenced by eutrophication, acidification, and dehydration. The locality species composition and Ellenberg values of nitrogen (EVN), moisture (EVM) and pH levels (EVpH) are analysed, by using previous and current restoration success scores from 54 locations in the province of Drenthe in the Netherlands. The dependence of restoration success score and Ellenberg values on change over time, habitat type, restoration method and EVN, EVM and EVpH are analysed. Restoration success depended on habitat type, with wet heather having significantly higher success compared to wet grasslands. The change in score over time, however, did not vary among habitats. Restoration success did not depend on restoration method(s), nor did change in restoration success. Ellenberg values varied among habitat types, and EVM changed significantly over time in dry heather, but was not significantly related to restoration success score. In conclusion, wet heather was shown to be doing quite well, but could benefit from additional restoration. Acidic fen, buffered fen, dry heather, and wet grassland have all shown poor long term restoration effects, indicating an overall need for further restoration measures. The results also highlight the importance of further studies into the effect of long term restorations, especially focused on finding successful restoration methods, and the importance of detailed data gathered in the field. Acidic fen Acidification Buffered fen Dehydration Dry heather Eutrophication Habitat deterioration Habitat management Moisture Nitrogen Nitrogen deposition pH Red listed species Restoration ecology Restoration method Restoration success Wet grassland Wet heather Ellenberg values nature reserve Mosse kärr hed fukthed fuktäng uttorkning försurning näringsöverskott eutrofiering kväveöverskott kväveregn kvävedeponering surt regn habitatförsämring försämring av naturområden förvaltning av naturområden fukt kväve pH rödlistade arter hotade arter restaurering restaureringsekologi restaureringsmetod restaureringsframgång Ecology Ekologi
83	Die ökologische Bedeutung von Hecken für Vögel / I. Das Heckenprogramm der deutschen Vogelwarten - Netzfang und Revierkartierung zur Erfassung populationsdynamischer und reproduktionsbiologischer Aspekte in einem anthropogen geformten Lebensraum <br>II. Populationsbiologische Bedeutung von Hecken für Vögel in der Kulturlandschaft / The ecological importance of hedges on population dynamics of songbirds / I. The German Hedgerow Programme - Mistnetting and territory mapping in hedges <br>II. Population dynamics of songbird breeding populations in a cultured landscape Barkow, Andreas 31 October 2001 (has links) No description available. 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie Mathematics and Computer Science Singvögel Hecken Kulturlandschaft Populationsökologie Populationsdynamik Habitatqualität Habitatstruktur Bruterfolg Prädation Störungen Standardisierter Netzfang Revierkartierung Nestersuche Kunstnester Landschaftspflege Landnutzung Biotopmanagement Passerines hedges farmland population ecology population dynamics habitat quality sink and source habitat structure breeding success predation disturbance standardised mistnetting CES territory mapping nest control artificial nests landscape ecology land-use practise habitat management 43.31 Naturschutz 42.65 Tierökologie 42.83 Aves WN 000: Ökologie {Biologie} WYX 800: Aves {Zoologie, Vertebrata}
84	Soundscape dynamics in the social-ecological systems of Tierra del Fuego Dante P Francomano (9738650) 14 December 2020 (has links) <p>Human society is presently beset by an array of anthropogenic social-ecological crises that threaten the sustainability of the social-ecological systems that sustain our livelihoods. While research alone will not rectify these issues, it can help to answer key questions that must be addressed to develop effective solutions. To address such questions in a cohesive, compelling manner, social-ecological research can be bounded, structured, and distilled through innumerable organizing principles or theoretical frameworks. For this dissertation, I focused on the geographic region of Tierra del Fuego and sought to draw from the array of disciplines and methods that use sound as a lens for biological, ecological, and/or social inquiry. I also endeavored to consider various temporal, spatial, and organizational scales while investigating a selection of topics with a) specific importance in the social-ecological systems of Tierra del Fuego and b) general relevance to global social-ecological challenges. Chapter 1 provides an introduction to the dissertation, and Chapter 6 serves as a conclusion.</p><p><br></p><p> </p><p>The objective of Chapter 2, “Biogeographical and analytical implications of temporal variability in geographically diverse soundscapes”, was to provide some guidance to passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) practitioners on how to design appropriate temporal sampling schemes based on the temporal variability of the sounds one wishes to measure and the power and storage limitations of acoustic recorders. We first quantified the temporal variability of several soundscape measurements and compared that variability across sites and times of day. We also simulated a wide range of temporal sampling schemes in order to model their representativeness relative to continuous sampling.</p><p><br></p><p> </p><p>For Chapter 3, “Sentinels for sentinels: passive acoustic and camera trap monitoring of sensitive penguin populations”, we tested the utility of PAM to monitor behavior and abundance of Magellanic (<i>Spheniscus magellanicus</i>) and southern rockhopper penguins (<i>Eudyptes chrysocome</i>) at different spatial and temporal scales. We conducted <i>in situ</i> observations of the acoustic behavior of each species, and we compared acoustic metrics with penguin counts from narrowly focused camera traps and larger-extent observations of colony density. </p><p><br></p><p> </p><p>Chapter 4, “Acoustic monitoring shows invasive beavers (<i>Castor canadensis</i>) increase avian diversity in Tierra del Fuego”, is focused on impacts of the invasive North American beaver (<i>Castor canadensis</i>) on Fuegian bird communities. We sought to determine how bird communities might differ between intact riparian forests, beaver ponds, and beaver meadows created by pond drainage. We conducted PAM and classic avian point counts under each of these conditions across seasons to test for differences between impact conditions and to compare the two methodologies.</p><p><br></p><p> </p>For Chapter 5, “Human-nature connection and soundscape perception: insights from Tierra del Fuego, Argentina”, we evaluated the relationship between soundscape perception and nature relatedness by conducting surveys and soliciting responses to soundscape audio prompts. We also examined the potential for any demographic influences on nature relatedness or soundscape perception in the context of local social tensions. Environmental Science Ecology Ecosystem Function Invasive Species Ecology Conservation and Biodiversity Environmental Education and Extension Environmental Management Environmental Monitoring Natural Resource Management Wildlife and Habitat Management Psychology not elsewhere classified Behavioural Ecology Population Ecology Terrestrial Ecology Animal Behaviour Global Change Biology soundscape soundscape ecology ecoacoustics Tierra del Fuego Argentina Patagonia penguin beaver bird community species diversity functional diversity passive acoustic monitoring acoustic metrics acoustic indices soundscape perception nature relatedness connection to nature temporal variability survey exotic species camera trap study design temporal dynamics Spheniscus magellanicus Eudyptes chrysocome Castor canadensis biological invasion Ushuaia

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