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Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 danielaprudenteteixeiranunes_dissert.pdf: 2007548 bytes, checksum: 1b9b96cf5d50556af914f8157e7d26ec (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-16 / Adenosine deaminase (ADA), an enzyme coded by ADA gene (20q13.11) acts in adenosine metabolism and it is involved in the modulation of the immune response. ADA gene G22A polymorphism originates two co-dominants alleles ADA*01 and ADA*02 and influences the level of ADA enzyme in the organism. Apparently it has a fundamental role in gestational maintenance. The ADA*02 allele has been associated as protector effect against recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) in European Caucasian women. Aim: To investigate if ADA gene G22A polymorphism is associated with occurrence of RSA in Brazilian women. Methods: After obtaining the written consent 311 women were selected to compose two groups: G1 with previous history of RSA (n=129) and G2 without previous history of RSA (n=182). Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood using commercial kits. The PCR-RFLP method was used to identify ADA gene G22A polymorphism. p>0005 was considered statistically significant. Results: The frequencies of ADA*01;*01, ADA*01;*02 and ADA*02;*02 genotypes were similar in both groups (G1 and G2) with no statistically significance differences observed (p = 0,7170; x2 = 0,6653; GL = 2). ADA*01 and ADA*02 alleles frequencies were 95,6% and 4,4% in G1 group and 94,9% and 5,1% in G2 group, respectively (p = 0,8433; OR = 1,179; CI 95%: 0,5340 2.601). Conclusion: The results suggest that ADA alleles ADA*01 and ADA*02 are not associated with RSA. It xvi is possible that the reduction of ADA levels resulting from the presence of at least one ADA*02 allele do not have a role against abortion in Brazilian women. / Polimorfismo G22A do gene ADA e abortamento espontâneo recorrente: ausência de associação Introdução: A adenosina deaminase (ADA), uma enzima codificada pelo gene ADA (20q13.11), atua no metabolismo da adenosina e modula a resposta imune. O polimorfismo G22A deste gene origina os alelos co-dominantes ADA*01 e ADA*02 e influencia o nível de expressão da enzima ADA, que possui papel fundamental na manutenção da gestação. O alelo ADA*02 tem sido associado a um efeito protetor contra o abortamento espontâneo recorrente (AER) em mulheres caucasianas européias. Objetivo: Investigar se o polimorfismo G22A do gene ADA se associa à ocorrência de AER em brasileiras. Métodos: Após obtenção do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido (Parecer CEP FAMERP 308/2008), 311 mulheres foram selecionadas para compor dois grupos: G1 com histórico de AER (N=129) e G2 sem histórico de AER (N=182). O DNA genômico foi extraído a partir de sangue periférico com o uso kit comercial. O polimorfismo G22A do gene ADA foi identificado com o uso do método PCR-RFLP. O valor p>0,005 foi considerado significante. Resultados: As frequências dos genótipos ADA*01;*01, ADA*01;*02 e ADA*02;*02 foram semelhantes entre os grupos e não apresentaram diferenças estatisticamente significantes (p = 0,7170; χ2 = 0,6653; GL = 2). As frequências dos alelos ADA*01 e ADA*02 em G1 foram iguais a 95,6% e 4,4%; em G2, 94,9% e 5,1%, respectivamente (p=0,8433; OR=1,179; IC 95%: 0,5340-2.601). Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem que xiv os alelos ADA*01 e ADA*02 do gene ADA não estão associados ao AER. É possível que a redução nos níveis da ADA resultantes do alelo ADA*02 não apresente um efeito protetor contra o AER em brasileiras.

abstract: Adult second-language learners of Spanish struggle with the acquisition of preterite and imperfect selection due to the overtly morphological representation of grammatical aspect. Prior studies have documented the effect of a default encoding without influence of the lexical aspect in the emergence of aspectual morphology, and have proposed the Default Past Tense Hypothesis (DPTH). This study investigates the emergence of aspectual morphology by testing the DPTH and the effect of adverbials at interpreting grammatical aspect in this process of acquisition. Twenty-eight English-speaking learners of Spanish (beginning, intermediate and advanced) and twenty native-Spanish speakers are tested with two written comprehension tasks that assess the interpretation of habitual/imperfect and episodic/preterite readings of eventive verbs. The truth-value judgment task incorporates forty short stories with two summary sentences, from which participants must choose one as true. The grammaticality judgment task presents sixty-four sentences with temporal adverbials of position and duration, thirty-two are grammatical and thirty-two are ungrammatical. Participants must accept or reject them using a 5-point likert scale. The findings indicate that the DPTH is partially supported by the statistical data showing a default marker, imperfect for beginning learners, and preterite for intermediate learners. This provides support to the argument of unsteady aspectual checking of [-bounded] in the spec of AspP and not necessarily by only checking [+past] in the TP for intermediate learners. The influence of the lexical aspect value of the verb is partially evident with advanced learners. Temporal adverbials play an important role at interpreting grammatical aspect with intermediate and advanced learners. Results show that beginning learners are not influenced by the presence of adverbials due to their inexperience with the Spanish aspectual morphology. The findings also allow the confirmation of prior results about factors that influence the interpretation of preterite and imperfect. First, the instruction of aspectual morphology co-indexed with specific temporal adverbials, and second, that learners rely on lexical cues at the sentential level, while native speakers rely on discursive ones. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Applied Linguistics 2016

Abstract Successful pregnancy is characterized by a shift toward Th2 type immune response and suppression of adaptive immune responses to ensure acceptance of the semi-allogenic fetal graft. Also the innate immune system plays a major role during pregnancy. Recurrent miscarriage is defined as three or more consecutive pregnancy losses. About 1% of all women will suffer recurrent miscarriage. The causes of recurrent miscarriage remain unexplained in half (50%) of the cases. Susceptibility to recurrent miscarriage is probably mediated by Th1 type immune response with pronounced expression and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. TNFα and IFNγ) paralleled with decreased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-10). Factors that regulate immune response during pregnancy include hormonal factors (e.g. hCG and progesterone). Immunogenetic factors also contribute to this regulation. Several functionally important polymorphisms in various immunomodulatory genes have been identified during recent years. Some of these polymorphisms may be important in regulating the Th1/Th2 balance during pregnancy. Putative immune dysregulation caused by these polymorphisms has been researched intensively. Conflicting results have been published about associations between several of these polymorphisms and recurrent miscarriage. In this study, HLA-G (exon 2 and 3), IL-10 (-1082A/G), IL-1RA (intron 2 VNTR) and CD14 (-159C/T) polymorphisms were studied in 38 Finnish women with RM. All of these polymorphisms have been associated with altered gene expression. Distribution of HLA-G*I, II, III and IV were 0.577, 0.375, 0 and 0.048 respectively in the studied Finnish population. According to the present classification the G*I allele group mostly consists of the allele 010101, while G*II covers the combination of 010102, 010401 and 0105N, as well as some other rare alleles. There were no associations between recurrent miscarriage and the HLA-G, IL-10 and CD14 polymorphisms. However, in IL-1RA polymorphism, the rare IL1RN*3 allele was increased in women with recurrent miscarriage. It is not known, if this particular allele is associated with differences in IL-1RA or IL-1 production. Although the study population was small, it may be supposed that quantitative differences in the production of single immunomodulatory molecules due to normal genetic variation may not be grossly harmful to the fetal allograft. This indicates the robustness and flexibility of the reproduction system. For survival, it is essential that minor variations are tolerated. Thus, large-scale studies focusing on the effect of a pro-inflammatory genetic profile based on the presence of several pro/anti-inflammatory genetic markers are needed to discover if immunogenetic factors predispose women to recurrent miscarriage.

<div> <div> <div> <p>Saliva influences chemical and textural sensations, yet details on sources of individual variability for these phenomena are still lacking. In this project, we investigated fatty sensations, dietary habits, and saliva’s emulsifying properties. Through a remote tasting and spitting protocol, participants were asked to rate sensory properties of fatty candies with varying concentrations of added linoleic acid (LA) as well as discriminate among fatty candies with/without LA and high/low fat ranch dressings. Additionally, participants swished and expectorated an oil/water mixture, and the expectorated emulsion was visually analyzed. Dietary habits were also assessed by 3-day dietary recalls. </p> <p>Linear mixed model was used to analyze sensory response, diet, and spit data. Sensory ratings of fatty candies indicate differences based on successful completion of either discrimination tasks. People who passed either discrimination tests (N=26 passed LA; N=22 passed high/low fat tests) rated higher “Fattiness” for the highest LA concentration. In contrast, people who failed the tests (N=36 failed LA; N=40 failed high/low fat tests) rated higher “Bitterness” with the highest LA concentration. Importantly, only 7 individuals overlapped in these two groups who passed the discrimination tasks. Lower total fat intake and larger expectorated fat layer were associated with higher “Bitterness,” particularly among those who passed the LA discrimination test and those who failed the high/low fat test. Moreover, lower protein and greater carbohydrate intake seemed to associate with the greater formation and stability of oral emulsions, particularly in individuals who failed the high/low fat discrimination task. Other factors such as total fat intake, medication usage, and BMI were mixed. In conclusion, sensory experience of fatty candies may vary based on the ability of an individual to sense the LA or fat content, and saliva’s ability to emulsify fat into water may vary with diet. </p> </div> </div> </div>

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-06T17:07:05Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MATEUS DE LUCCA.pdf: 966900 bytes, checksum: 0bac59ffb4d4950d3bc0c70caa0ab5b7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-07-30 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Systemic hypertension (SH) is a multicausal and multifactorial syndrome. May be responsible for more than nine million deaths annually. It is known that high blood pressure levels are related to several risk factors (RF). Among these, obesity and a sedentary lifestyle has gained prominence. It is known that regular physical activity is an excellent alternative in the fight against RF and hypertension. In this context, regular physical activity is also gaining ground in the literature, however there are still doubts about their possible implications and a more objective method for its measurement. Objective: To assess the level of habitual physical activity and its possible implications on the lipid profile, BP control and quality of life of hypertensive patients. Methods: Cross-sectional analytical character study that evaluated 219 hypertensive patients with mean age of 61.6 (+ - 11.3). The level of habitual physical activity was measured by pedometer, blood collection were evaluated serum levels of LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, Total cholesterol and fasting glucose and to assess the quality of life of hypertensive was used MINICHAL. Statistics: We used the Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric data, chi-square test to verify associations between categorical variables and correlation Speramann. Results: unverified correlations between the level of habitual physical activity, BP control, biochemical variables and anthropometric indicators. There was a small inverse correlation between the level of habitual physical activity and serum TG. It was observed difference in the somatic field of quality of life of active patients in relation to the sedentary. Conclusion: The level of habitual physical activity has no impact on the control of blood pressure and lipid profile of hypertensive patients, the fact walk and perform activities of daily living promotes more benefits in quality of life of patients in other variables. / A hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é uma síndrome multicausal e multifatorial. Podendo ser responsável por mais de nove milhões de mortes anuais. Sabe-se que os níveis elevados de PA estão relacionados a diversos fatores de risco (FR). Entre esses, a obesidade e o sedentarismo vem ganhado destaque. Sabe-se que atividade física regular é uma excelente alternativa no combate ao FR e a HAS. Nesse contexto, a atividade física habitual também vem ganhando espaço na literatura vigente, no entanto ainda existem duvidas quanto as suas possíveis implicações e um método mais objetivo para sua mensuração. Objetivo: avaliar o nível de atividade física habitual e suas possíveis implicações no perfil lipídico, controle da PA e qualidade de vida de pacientes hipertensos. Métodos: estudo de caráter analítico transversal que avaliou 219 pacientes hipertensos, com média de idade de 61,6 (+- 11,3). O nível de atividade física habitual foi mensurado através de pedômetro, a coleta de sangue foram avaliados os níveis séricos de LDL-C, HDL-C, TG, Colesterol total e glicemia de jejum e para avaliar a qualidade de vida dos hipertensos foi utilizado o MINICHAL. Estatística: Foi utilizado o teste U-mann Whitney para dados não paramétricos, qui-quadrado para verificar associação entre as variáveis categóricas e correlação de Speramann. Resultados: não foram verificados correlações entre o nível de atividade física habitual, controle de PA, variáveis bioquímicas e indicadores antropométricos. Houve uma pequena correlação inversa entre o nivel de atividade física habitual e concentrações séricas de TG. Foi observado diferença no domínio somático da qualidade de vida dos pacientes ativos em relação aos sedentários. Conclusão: O nível de atividade física habitual não tem implicações no controle da PA e perfil lipídico dos pacientes hipertensos, no entanto tem auxiliado na promoção da saúde e melhora da qualidade de vida dos pacientes hipertensos do município de Luzerna SC.

Objetivos. Investigar a associação entre consumo alimentar, índice glicêmico (IG) da dieta habitual com glicemia e insulinemia de jejum, resistência à insulina (HOMA R) e alteração da homeostase glicêmica (AHG: glicemia de jejum alterada - GJA, tolerância à glicose diminuída - TGD e diabetes mellitus tipo 2). Indivíduos e métodos. 1.054 nipo-brasileiros residentes em Bauru, ambos os sexos, 30 a 90 anos, primeira e segunda gerações, que participaram de inquérito transversal conduzido em 2000, sem diagnóstico prévio de AHG e/ou uso de hipoglicemiantes orais/insulina. Para avaliação da dieta habitual, utilizou-se questionário quantitativo de freqüência alimentar, previamente validado, com o auxílio do programa Dietsys versão 4.0. Os fatores dietéticos foram ajustados pelas calorias totais pelo método residual, após transformação logarítmica. As variáveis independentes foram inicialmente selecionadas segundo correlação de Pearson com glicemia e insulinemia de jejum ou HOMA R (variáveis dependentes contínuas) com valor de p<0,20. A associação entre nutrientes/ alimentos com as variáveis dependentes contínuas foi avaliada em modelos de regressão linear múltiplos. Modelos de regressão logística múltiplos foram utilizados para investigar a relação entre fatores dietéticos (tercis) com AHG, ajustados por fatores de confusão. Resultados. Após ajuste múltiplo, houve associações inversas entre o consumo dos grupos de laticínios integrais (g/dia), doces (g/dia), IG da dieta e glicemia de jejum (mg/dl). Relação inversa entre o consumo de IG da dieta e HOMA R também foi observada. Verificou-se razão de chances - RC (IC 95%) - para GJA de 1,70 (1,06 - 2,74) no último tercil de consumo de fibras totais em que as principais fontes alimentares foram o arroz polido, pão branco e frutas/sucos de frutas. Efeito protetor entre o tercil intermediário do consumo de vegetais [0,61 (0,38 - 0,98)] foi observado para TGD. Conclusão. Em nossa população de estudo, a fibra dietética proveniente do consumo excessivo de arroz polido, pão branco, frutas e sucos representou risco para AHG. Por outro lado, observou-se efeito protetor do maior consumo de vegetais para TGD. / Objective. To investigate the effects of food intake and dietary glycemic index (GI) on fasting plasma levels of glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA R) and impaired glucose disturbance - IGD (impaired fasting glucose - IFG, impaired glucose tolerance - IGT and diabetes mellitus type 2). Subjects and methods. 1,054 Japanese-Brazilians living in Bauru, of both genders, 30 to 90 years-old, first- and second-generation, who completed all the information for the cross-sectional survey in 2000, without previous diagnosis of IGD and/or use of oral hipoglycemic medication/insulin. Food consumption was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, with the aid of the software Dietsys 4.0. All dietary factors were log-transformed and adjusted for total energy intake by residual method. The dependent variables were first selected using Pearson correlation with fasting plasma levels of glucose and insulin or HOMA R (continuous independent variables), with p<0.20. The associations between selected nutrients/foods and the continuous independent variables were assessed using multiple linear regression models. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between dietary factors (tercile) and IGD, while adjusting for confounding factors. Results. After multiple adjustments, intakes of whole dairy products and sweets (g/day) and dietary GI were inversely correlated with fasting glucose levels (mg/dl). Dietary GI was also inversely correlated with HOMA R. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for IFG was 1.70 (1.06 - 2.74) in the highest tercile of total dietary fiber (main food sources: white rice and bread, fruits/fruit juices). The second tercile of vegetable intake was associated with a risk reduction of IGT [0.61 (0.38 - 0.98)]. Conclusion. In our study population, the intake of total dietary fiber, largely attributable to high intakes of white rice, white bread, fruits/fruit juices, was positively associated with risk of IGD. On the other hand, a protective effect was observed for higher intake levels of vegetables

Made available in DSpace on 2016-01-26T12:51:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005-04-14 / Antiphospholipid antibody syndrome is considered to be one of the principal causes of miscarriages. The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare with literature prophylaxis against miscarriages utilizing low doses of heparin and aspirin with emphasis on the clinical complications of the syndrome. In a prospective study, 34 gestations of women with histories of multiple miscarriages and positive levels of antiphospholipid antibodies were studied in the period from April 1998 to July 2004. These patients were compared with a control group of 40 gestations of women without history of miscarriages. Complications such as hypertensive disease in pregnancy, fetal growth restriction, oligohydramnios, premature separation of the placenta, prematurity and miscarriages were investigated. Serologic tests for anticardiolipin antibodies and lupus anticoagulant were also performed for all the women who had suffered from miscarriages. Diagnosis of anticardiolipin antibodies was achieved using the ELISA test. Investigation of the lupus anticoagulants was made by the partial activated thromboplastin time. Women with positive antiphospholipid antibodies were submitted to prophylactic treatment during the gestation using low doses of acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/day) associated with low doses of subcutaneous heparin (5,000 IU twice daily). Statistical analysis was made using percentages, the Fisher exact test and the non-paired t-test. An alpha error of 0.05 was considered acceptable. The age range of the study group was from 17 to 41 years old and of the control group the ages varied from 18 to 36 years old. Three miscarriages (8.8%) occurred in the study group and none in the control group. Hypertensive disease specifically related to pregnancy, oligohydramnios and separation of the placenta were not associated to these antibodies. However, there was a correlation between the antibodies and intrauterine growth restriction, low birth weights and prematurity. In conclusion, prophylaxis is efficient in the prevention of miscarriages, however it does not prevent against low birth weights, prematurity and intrauterine growth restriction. / A síndrome dos anticorpos antifosfolipídeos é considerada umas das principais causas de aborto. Os objetivos do estudo foram avaliar a eficácia da profilaxia de perda fetal, comparando com a literatura, e avaliar as complicações obstétricas de gestantes com SAAF que utilizaram a profilaxia com heparina e a aspirina em baixas doses. Foram avaliadas em estudo prospectivo e aleatório, no período de abril de 1998 ajulho de 2004, 34 gestações de mulheres com história pregressa de perdas fetais e positividade para os anticorpos antifosfolipídeos. Foi comparado com um grupo controle, também prospectivo e aleatório, de 40 gestações de mulheres sem história pregressa de perdas gestacionais. Investigaram-se complicações como doença hipertensiva, restrição de crescimento fetal, oligoâmnio, descolamento prematuro de placenta, prematuridade e aborto. Os testes sorológicos para os anticorpos anticardiolipina e o anticoagulante lúpico foram realizados em todas as mulheres com história pregressa de perda fetal. O diagnóstico dos anticorpos anticardiolipina foi realizado pelo teste ELISA. A investigação do anticorpo anticoagulante lúpico foi feito com o tempo de tromboplastina parcial ativado. As mulheres portadoras de anticorpos antifosfolipídeos fizeram tratamento profilático durante a gestação com baixas doses de ácido acetilsalicílico (1 00mg/dia) associado a baixas doses de heparina subcutânea (5.000 U duas vezes ao dia). Os dados foram expressos em forma de percentagem (freqüência), e os testes estatísticos utilizados foram o teste exato de Fisher e teste t não pareado, admitindo-se um erro alfa de 5%. A faixa etária do grupo estudado variou entre 17 e 41 anos e a do grupo controle entre de 18 a 36 anos. Ocorreram três perdas gestacionais (8,8%) no grupo de estudo e nenhuma no grupo controle. A Restrição de Crescimento Intrauterino, o baixo peso dos Recém-nascidos e prematuridade foram relacionados (p <0,05). Nota de Resumo Conclui-se que a profilaxia foi eficaz na prevenção do aborto, porém não preveniu o baixo peso, a prematuridade e a restrição de crescimento intra-uterino. Não foram observadas as associaçoes destes anticorpos com a Doença Hipertensiva Específica da Gestação, o Descolamento Prematuro da Placenta e o oligoâmnio (p < 0,05), porém observa-se uma tendência ao oligoâmnio, o que seria mais bem avaliado com um estudo com maior número de gestantes.

Objetivos. Investigar a associação entre consumo alimentar, índice glicêmico (IG) da dieta habitual com glicemia e insulinemia de jejum, resistência à insulina (HOMA R) e alteração da homeostase glicêmica (AHG: glicemia de jejum alterada - GJA, tolerância à glicose diminuída - TGD e diabetes mellitus tipo 2). Indivíduos e métodos. 1.054 nipo-brasileiros residentes em Bauru, ambos os sexos, 30 a 90 anos, primeira e segunda gerações, que participaram de inquérito transversal conduzido em 2000, sem diagnóstico prévio de AHG e/ou uso de hipoglicemiantes orais/insulina. Para avaliação da dieta habitual, utilizou-se questionário quantitativo de freqüência alimentar, previamente validado, com o auxílio do programa Dietsys versão 4.0. Os fatores dietéticos foram ajustados pelas calorias totais pelo método residual, após transformação logarítmica. As variáveis independentes foram inicialmente selecionadas segundo correlação de Pearson com glicemia e insulinemia de jejum ou HOMA R (variáveis dependentes contínuas) com valor de p<0,20. A associação entre nutrientes/ alimentos com as variáveis dependentes contínuas foi avaliada em modelos de regressão linear múltiplos. Modelos de regressão logística múltiplos foram utilizados para investigar a relação entre fatores dietéticos (tercis) com AHG, ajustados por fatores de confusão. Resultados. Após ajuste múltiplo, houve associações inversas entre o consumo dos grupos de laticínios integrais (g/dia), doces (g/dia), IG da dieta e glicemia de jejum (mg/dl). Relação inversa entre o consumo de IG da dieta e HOMA R também foi observada. Verificou-se razão de chances - RC (IC 95%) - para GJA de 1,70 (1,06 - 2,74) no último tercil de consumo de fibras totais em que as principais fontes alimentares foram o arroz polido, pão branco e frutas/sucos de frutas. Efeito protetor entre o tercil intermediário do consumo de vegetais [0,61 (0,38 - 0,98)] foi observado para TGD. Conclusão. Em nossa população de estudo, a fibra dietética proveniente do consumo excessivo de arroz polido, pão branco, frutas e sucos representou risco para AHG. Por outro lado, observou-se efeito protetor do maior consumo de vegetais para TGD. / Objective. To investigate the effects of food intake and dietary glycemic index (GI) on fasting plasma levels of glucose and insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA R) and impaired glucose disturbance - IGD (impaired fasting glucose - IFG, impaired glucose tolerance - IGT and diabetes mellitus type 2). Subjects and methods. 1,054 Japanese-Brazilians living in Bauru, of both genders, 30 to 90 years-old, first- and second-generation, who completed all the information for the cross-sectional survey in 2000, without previous diagnosis of IGD and/or use of oral hipoglycemic medication/insulin. Food consumption was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire, with the aid of the software Dietsys 4.0. All dietary factors were log-transformed and adjusted for total energy intake by residual method. The dependent variables were first selected using Pearson correlation with fasting plasma levels of glucose and insulin or HOMA R (continuous independent variables), with p<0.20. The associations between selected nutrients/foods and the continuous independent variables were assessed using multiple linear regression models. Logistic regression models were used to investigate the relationship between dietary factors (tercile) and IGD, while adjusting for confounding factors. Results. After multiple adjustments, intakes of whole dairy products and sweets (g/day) and dietary GI were inversely correlated with fasting glucose levels (mg/dl). Dietary GI was also inversely correlated with HOMA R. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) for IFG was 1.70 (1.06 - 2.74) in the highest tercile of total dietary fiber (main food sources: white rice and bread, fruits/fruit juices). The second tercile of vegetable intake was associated with a risk reduction of IGT [0.61 (0.38 - 0.98)]. Conclusion. In our study population, the intake of total dietary fiber, largely attributable to high intakes of white rice, white bread, fruits/fruit juices, was positively associated with risk of IGD. On the other hand, a protective effect was observed for higher intake levels of vegetables

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-17T15:03:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1807154 bytes, checksum: 7aebebd024c49081a819ffba28e2ccae (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-05-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The aging population is one of the main results of demographic trends during the twentieth century. Anatomical and functional changes typical of aging can lead to specific deficiencies of nutrients. Vitamin A plays a key role in numerous physiological functions and the serum retinol concentrations are related to organic resistance against infections. Researches aimed at the diagnosis of vitamin A deficiency should include the analysis of serum concentrations of inflammatory markers in acute phase such as C-reactive protein in order to enable better expression of the vitamin A status. This study aimed to evaluate the importance of the habitual dietary vitamin A intake on the serum retinol concentrations in elderly people. This is a cross-section population-based epidemiological study conducted in João Pessoa / PB / Brazil in the period from 2008 to 2009 with 212 individuals between 60 and 90 years of age, from both genders. Data were collected for habitual food intake, retinolemia, C - reactive protein (CRP), and socioeconomic and anthropometric aspects. The mean vitamin A intake was 1643.40 &#956;g RAE / day (p25 = 1112.20 - p75 = 2430.80). The average serum retinol concentration was 1.91 ± 0.68 &#956;mol/L. There was no correlation between CRP concentration and serum retinol (r = 0.061 / p = 0.424), nor with habitual dietary retinol consumption (r = 0.000 / p = 0.932). However, there was a direct relationship between consumption and serum retinol levels (r = 0.173 / p = 0.025). Only 3,98% (IC95% 6,88 1,08) of subjects had inadequate serum retinol concentrations (<1.05 mmol / L), and 12.4% (CI 95% 17.36 to 7.44) Inadequate vitamin A intake (<625&#956;g, males and <500&#956;g, females). The elderly population from the municipality of João Pessoa / Paraíba / Brazil revealed a proper retinolemia status and habitual vitamin A intake and no correlation was found between CRP concentration and dietary serum retinol, probably because the sample was composed of elderly patients with no acute infection or absence of decompensated chronic diseases. The present study emphasizes the influence of dietary preformed vitamin A intake on the serum retinol concentrations, which seems to be an affective strategy to combat vitamin A deficiency in this population. / O envelhecimento da população foi um dos principais resultados das tendências demográficas populacionais durante o século XX. As mudanças anatômicas e funcionais próprias do envelhecimento podem levar a deficiências específicas de nutrientes. A vitamina A exerce ação essencial em inúmeras funções fisiológicas e as concentrações séricas dos retinoides estão relacionadas à resistência orgânica contra infecções. Pesquisas direcionadas ao diagnóstico da deficiência de vitamina A devem incluir a análise da concentração sérica de marcadores inflamatórios de fase aguda, como a proteína C-reativa, com a finalidade de possibilitar uma melhor expressão do estado vitamínico A. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a importância do consumo alimentar habitual de vitamina A nas concentrações séricas de retinol em idosos. Estudo epidemiológico transversal, de base populacional, realizado em João Pessoa/PB/Brasil no período de 2008-2009, com 212 indivíduos de 60 e 90 anos de idade, de ambos os gêneros. Coletou-se dados de consumo alimentar habitual, retinolemia e Proteína C-Reativa (PCR), além de aspectos socioeconômicos e antropométricos. A mediana de consumo de vitamina A foi de 1643,40 &#956;g RAE/dia (p25 = 1112,20 - p75 = 2430,80). A concentração média de retinol sérico foi de 1,91 ± 0,68 &#956;mol/L. Não houve correlação entre concentração de PCR com o retinol sérico (r = 0,061/ p = 0,424), nem com o consumo alimentar habitual de retinol (r =0,000/ p = 0,932). No entanto, houve relação direta entre o consumo e os valores séricos de retinol (r =0,173 /p = 0,025). Apenas 3,98% (IC95% 6,88 1,08) dos indivíduos apresentaram concentrações de retinol sérico inadequados (< 1,05 &#956;mol/L), e 12,4% (IC95% 17,36 7,44) consumo de vitamina A inadequado (< 625&#956;g, gênero masculino e < 500&#956;g, feminino). Na população de idosos do município de João Pessoa/Paraíba/Brasil evidenciou-se adequado estado de retinolemia, e de consumo alimentar habitual de vitamina A e não encontrou-se correlação entre concentração de PCR com retinol sérico e dietético, provavelmente por tratar-se de idosos sem quadro agudo de infecção ou com ausência de doenças crônicas descompensadas. Destaca-se no presente estudo, a influência do consumo alimentar de vitamina A pré-formada nas concentrações séricas de retinol, o que parece ser uma estratégia efetiva no combate a hipovitaminose A nesta população.