Abstract The Mainland China has been the global newest economic body, having the fastest growth in economy. It is now being developed and built by way of internationalization. It further combines itself with the entire development of the great East Asia economic circle and tries to become the next international economic center all over the world. Its economy fast grows at a speed of almost annual two-digit. It will become the third economic body in the whole world in scale. Because it nears Taiwan, so reasonably turns into one of the favorite destinations which Taiwanese enterprises prefer moving out overseas in recent years. However, the investment risk in Mainland China is very high. When it comes to finance, it is not easy to ask for the loan of bank. When human matter is concerned, it is closing of information and the difficulty about management. As for marketing, you have to face the obstacle with regard to market opening and collecting market information. Concerning about production, the insufficiency of traffic facility and the restraint of electric power supply exist. As to law, the inconsistency about the explanation of rule among the responsible officials and the unpredictable changes in policy often occur. When it comes to general operation management, not only does the administrative efficiency lower, but extra social fees and concoct expenses flood. According to the statistical data of the communication foundation between straits, the number of dispute cases having been received by the foundation is 127 in 1998, almost twice, 70 in 1997. To sum up, the problems happening among Taiwanese merchant about investing in Mainland China are full of all kinds. Therefore, it is sure to raise the rate of success in business only by way of finding out the key success factor¡]KSF¡^about investing and operating. The main procedures of this study consist of the followings: ¤@¡BTo collect and manipulate the concerning domestic, foreign reference in order to analyze the operating mode of steel industry between straits. ¤G¡BTo try to find out the KSF about operating steel industry among Taiwanese merchant forward to Mainland China operate steel industry supervision according to the theoretical mode of habitual domains¡]HD¡^. ¤T¡BProfessional questionnaire - to use the professional questionnaire to collect the KSF. ¥|¡BAHP questionnaire - to make use of analytical hierarchy process¡]AHP¡^ to proceed to the analysis study in priority for the KSF. ¤­¡BAccording to the result of the second questionnaire to discuss, analyze and suggest. Anticipate providing Taiwanese merchant forward to Mainland China operate steel industry the great strategy decision and utilization basis in priority about the KSF from the conclusion of this study.

Television viewing is one of the most easily modifiable causes of obesity among children. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between body composition and TV viewing among adolescents attending high schools in the Tlokwe municipality area of the North West province of South Africa. A cross-sectional study design which is part of the Physical Activity and Health Longitudinal Study (PAHLS) was followed on 154 learners (58 boys and 96 girls) who were aged 14 years in the Tlokwe municipality area. All the learners underwent anthropometric measurements of height, weight, and two skinfolds (triceps and subscapular skinfolds). Percentage body fat (%BF) was calculated from the two skinfolds according to Slaughter‟s et al. (1988) equation. Children were classified into three groups (viz. normal, overweight and obese) according to BMI cut-off point suggested by Cole et al. (2000). Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationship between television viewing and body composition. The results show respectively high prevalence of overweight and obesity in girls (10.4%; 6.3%) as compared to the prevalence of 5% overweight in boys. With regard to TV viewing, the results show that 54% of the total group watch TV more than two hours a day, while only 11% watched TV less than one hour a day. The results show that the group that watches TV for more than 3 hours had high BMI (21.27kg/m²) and body mass (51.54kg). The group that watches TV for 1-2 hours had low BMI (18.36kg/m²) and body mass (44.79kg). There was a statisitcal significant relationship between BMI and body mass (p=0.001). A significant positive relationship between body mass and TV viewing (r=0.56; p=0.05) in overweight group was found, whilst in the obese group strong significant positive relationship was observed between percentage body fat and TV viewieng (r=0.94; p=0.01). It can be concluded that girls were more overweight and obese respectively as compared to the boys. Furthermore, both boys and girls had high percentages of TV viewing for more than two hours a day. In addition, the results indicated that adolescents who watched TV more than 3 hours are heavier and fatter. Therefore, it is recommended that parents and educational heads should encourage periods of daily physical activity. In addition, it is also important that parents play a more positive role in limiting the amount of hours their children spent watching television. / Thesis (MA (Biokinetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Television viewing is one of the most easily modifiable causes of obesity among children. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between body composition and TV viewing among adolescents attending high schools in the Tlokwe municipality area of the North West province of South Africa. A cross-sectional study design which is part of the Physical Activity and Health Longitudinal Study (PAHLS) was followed on 154 learners (58 boys and 96 girls) who were aged 14 years in the Tlokwe municipality area. All the learners underwent anthropometric measurements of height, weight, and two skinfolds (triceps and subscapular skinfolds). Percentage body fat (%BF) was calculated from the two skinfolds according to Slaughter‟s et al. (1988) equation. Children were classified into three groups (viz. normal, overweight and obese) according to BMI cut-off point suggested by Cole et al. (2000). Pearson correlation coefficients were used to determine the relationship between television viewing and body composition. The results show respectively high prevalence of overweight and obesity in girls (10.4%; 6.3%) as compared to the prevalence of 5% overweight in boys. With regard to TV viewing, the results show that 54% of the total group watch TV more than two hours a day, while only 11% watched TV less than one hour a day. The results show that the group that watches TV for more than 3 hours had high BMI (21.27kg/m²) and body mass (51.54kg). The group that watches TV for 1-2 hours had low BMI (18.36kg/m²) and body mass (44.79kg). There was a statisitcal significant relationship between BMI and body mass (p=0.001). A significant positive relationship between body mass and TV viewing (r=0.56; p=0.05) in overweight group was found, whilst in the obese group strong significant positive relationship was observed between percentage body fat and TV viewieng (r=0.94; p=0.01). It can be concluded that girls were more overweight and obese respectively as compared to the boys. Furthermore, both boys and girls had high percentages of TV viewing for more than two hours a day. In addition, the results indicated that adolescents who watched TV more than 3 hours are heavier and fatter. Therefore, it is recommended that parents and educational heads should encourage periods of daily physical activity. In addition, it is also important that parents play a more positive role in limiting the amount of hours their children spent watching television. / Thesis (MA (Biokinetics))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

Introdução: O aumento do nível sérico de prolactina tem sido associado com desfechos ginecológicos e obstétricos desfavoráveis, entre eles a endometriose e aborto recorrente. Sabendo que o polimorfismo do receptor da dopamina D2 (DRD2) está associado com hiperprolactinemia, realizamos este estudo para verificar sua associação com endometriose e com abortamento de repetição. Objetivos: Verificar a prevalência dos polimorfismos de receptores de dopamina D2 em pacientes com endometriose peritoneal e em pacientes com abortamento de repetição comparando com mulheres saudáveis. Métodos: Dois estudos de caso-controle foram realizados: um estudo com 107 mulheres com idade entre 18 e 35 anos que foram atendidas no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre devido à infertilidade causada pela endometriose peritoneal comparada com mulheres saudáveis. O outro estudo foi realizado com um total de 54 mulheres com idade entre 18 e 35 anos que tinham história de aborto de repetição comparada a mulheres férteis sem história de aborto. Foi realizada a extração de DNA de sangue periférico, seguido de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e o sequenciamento dos dois polimorfismos no exon 7 do gene receptor de dopamina D2 (DRD2). O polimorfismo 1 ocorre no nucleotídeo 3420 (Citosina para Timina, 313 Histidina), e o polimorfismo 2 ocorre no nucleotídeo 3438 (Citosina para Timina, 319 Prolina). Resultados: A frequência do polimorfismo DRD2 está aumentada em pacientes com endometriose peritoneal moderada/grave. Análise dos genótipos DRD2 demonstra uma razão de chance de 2,98 (1,47 - 6,04; intervalo de confiança (IC) 95%) para o polimorfismo 2 na endometriose peritoneal moderada/grave. O mesmo polimorfismo DRD2 tem uma frequência alélica aumentada nas pacientes com abortamento de repetição com uma razão de chance de 2,37 (1,05 - 5,36; IC 95%). Conclusão: Nossos resultados revelam um excesso do polimorfismo DRD2 em mulheres com endometriose peritoneal moderada-grave e em pacientes com abortamento de repetição. Podemos especular que a presença de polimorfismo 2 pode causar um defeito no mecanismo de pós-sinalização, resultando num ligeiro aumento dos níveis de prolactina sérica. Assim, devido ao possível potencial angiogênico, a prolactina pode desempenhar um papel importante na implantação dos focos de endometriose bem como dificuldades na implantação embrionária com consequente aborto. / Introduction: The increase of serum prolactin levels has been associated with unfavourable gynaecological and obstetrical outcomes, including endometriosis and recurrent abortion. Knowing that the polymorphism of the dopamine D2 receptor is associated with hyperprolactinaemia, we conducted this study to verify its association with endometriosis and recurrent miscarriage. Objective: To verify the prevalence of the polymorphism of the D2 dopamine receptor in patients with peritoneal endometriosis and recurrent abortion compared to healthy women. Methods: Two case-control studies were conducted of women who were enrolled at the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre: 1) a study with 107 patients with infertility secondary to peritoneal endometriosis compared with healthy women and 2) a second study with 54 women with recurrent miscarriage compared with fertile women with no history of abortion. All of the women were aged between 18 and 35 years. We performed DNA extraction from peripheral blood followed by a polymerase chain reaction to confirm the single-strand polymorphisms and to sequence two polymorphisms in exon 7 of the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene. Polymorphism 1 occurred in nucleotide 3420 (cytosine to thymine, 313 histidine), and polymorphism 2 occurred in nucleotide 3438 (cytosine to thymine, 319 proline). Results: The frequency of the DRD2 polymorphism 2 was increased in the subjects with peritoneal moderate/severe endometriosis. An analysis of the DRD2 genotypes demonstrated an odds ratio of 2.98 (1.47 - 6.04, 95% confidence interval (CI)) for polymorphism 2 in peritoneal moderate/severe endometriosis. This same polymorphism was increased in the subjects with recurrent miscarriage with an odds ratio of 2.37 (1.05 – 5.36, 95% CI). Conclusions: Our results revealed an excess of the DRD2 polymorphism 2 in exon 7 in women with peritoneal moderate/severe endometriosis and women with recurrent miscarriage. We could speculate that the presence of the polymorphism 2 causes a defect in a post-receptor signalling mechanism, which results in a mild increase in the serum prolactin levels. Thus, the potential angiogenic action of prolactin may play a role in implanting ectopic endometriosis tissue as well as in embryo implantation difficulties with subsequent abortions.

Regular physical activity and a healthful diet are important influences on health. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the influence of habitual physical activity on diet preferences. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between habitual physical activity and dietary intake, body composition, metabolic and hormonal variables and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women with no evidence of cardiovascular disease. One hundred and five women (mean age: 55.2±4.9 years) consulting for climacteric symptoms underwent anthropometric and hormonal assessment. Usual dietary intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire, and habitual physical activity with a digital pedometer. Participants were classified as physically inactive (5 999 steps daily) or physically active (≥ 6 000 steps daily). A negative correlation was observed between steps/day and percent body fat (r = - 0.470; P<0.001), waist circumference (r = - 0.356; P<0.001) and body mass index (r = - 0.286; P=0.003). Compared to the inactive group, active participants had lower diastolic blood pressure (P=0.012), ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP) (P=0.011), fasting glucose (P=0.003), fasting insulin (P=0.019) and homeostasis model assessment index (P=0.017), and higher intake of protein, total fat, cholesterol, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, meats, eggs, and whole-fat dairy foods. After adjustment for age and time since menopause, the risk for metabolic syndrome increased with physical inactivity, high blood pressure, us-CRP, and percent body fat. In conclusion, both habitual physical activity and dietary choices may have contributed towards a more favorable cardiovascular profile and lower risk of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.

Introdução: O aumento do nível sérico de prolactina tem sido associado com desfechos ginecológicos e obstétricos desfavoráveis, entre eles a endometriose e aborto recorrente. Sabendo que o polimorfismo do receptor da dopamina D2 (DRD2) está associado com hiperprolactinemia, realizamos este estudo para verificar sua associação com endometriose e com abortamento de repetição. Objetivos: Verificar a prevalência dos polimorfismos de receptores de dopamina D2 em pacientes com endometriose peritoneal e em pacientes com abortamento de repetição comparando com mulheres saudáveis. Métodos: Dois estudos de caso-controle foram realizados: um estudo com 107 mulheres com idade entre 18 e 35 anos que foram atendidas no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre devido à infertilidade causada pela endometriose peritoneal comparada com mulheres saudáveis. O outro estudo foi realizado com um total de 54 mulheres com idade entre 18 e 35 anos que tinham história de aborto de repetição comparada a mulheres férteis sem história de aborto. Foi realizada a extração de DNA de sangue periférico, seguido de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e o sequenciamento dos dois polimorfismos no exon 7 do gene receptor de dopamina D2 (DRD2). O polimorfismo 1 ocorre no nucleotídeo 3420 (Citosina para Timina, 313 Histidina), e o polimorfismo 2 ocorre no nucleotídeo 3438 (Citosina para Timina, 319 Prolina). Resultados: A frequência do polimorfismo DRD2 está aumentada em pacientes com endometriose peritoneal moderada/grave. Análise dos genótipos DRD2 demonstra uma razão de chance de 2,98 (1,47 - 6,04; intervalo de confiança (IC) 95%) para o polimorfismo 2 na endometriose peritoneal moderada/grave. O mesmo polimorfismo DRD2 tem uma frequência alélica aumentada nas pacientes com abortamento de repetição com uma razão de chance de 2,37 (1,05 - 5,36; IC 95%). Conclusão: Nossos resultados revelam um excesso do polimorfismo DRD2 em mulheres com endometriose peritoneal moderada-grave e em pacientes com abortamento de repetição. Podemos especular que a presença de polimorfismo 2 pode causar um defeito no mecanismo de pós-sinalização, resultando num ligeiro aumento dos níveis de prolactina sérica. Assim, devido ao possível potencial angiogênico, a prolactina pode desempenhar um papel importante na implantação dos focos de endometriose bem como dificuldades na implantação embrionária com consequente aborto. / Introduction: The increase of serum prolactin levels has been associated with unfavourable gynaecological and obstetrical outcomes, including endometriosis and recurrent abortion. Knowing that the polymorphism of the dopamine D2 receptor is associated with hyperprolactinaemia, we conducted this study to verify its association with endometriosis and recurrent miscarriage. Objective: To verify the prevalence of the polymorphism of the D2 dopamine receptor in patients with peritoneal endometriosis and recurrent abortion compared to healthy women. Methods: Two case-control studies were conducted of women who were enrolled at the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre: 1) a study with 107 patients with infertility secondary to peritoneal endometriosis compared with healthy women and 2) a second study with 54 women with recurrent miscarriage compared with fertile women with no history of abortion. All of the women were aged between 18 and 35 years. We performed DNA extraction from peripheral blood followed by a polymerase chain reaction to confirm the single-strand polymorphisms and to sequence two polymorphisms in exon 7 of the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene. Polymorphism 1 occurred in nucleotide 3420 (cytosine to thymine, 313 histidine), and polymorphism 2 occurred in nucleotide 3438 (cytosine to thymine, 319 proline). Results: The frequency of the DRD2 polymorphism 2 was increased in the subjects with peritoneal moderate/severe endometriosis. An analysis of the DRD2 genotypes demonstrated an odds ratio of 2.98 (1.47 - 6.04, 95% confidence interval (CI)) for polymorphism 2 in peritoneal moderate/severe endometriosis. This same polymorphism was increased in the subjects with recurrent miscarriage with an odds ratio of 2.37 (1.05 – 5.36, 95% CI). Conclusions: Our results revealed an excess of the DRD2 polymorphism 2 in exon 7 in women with peritoneal moderate/severe endometriosis and women with recurrent miscarriage. We could speculate that the presence of the polymorphism 2 causes a defect in a post-receptor signalling mechanism, which results in a mild increase in the serum prolactin levels. Thus, the potential angiogenic action of prolactin may play a role in implanting ectopic endometriosis tissue as well as in embryo implantation difficulties with subsequent abortions.

Regular physical activity and a healthful diet are important influences on health. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on the influence of habitual physical activity on diet preferences. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between habitual physical activity and dietary intake, body composition, metabolic and hormonal variables and cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women with no evidence of cardiovascular disease. One hundred and five women (mean age: 55.2±4.9 years) consulting for climacteric symptoms underwent anthropometric and hormonal assessment. Usual dietary intake was assessed with a food frequency questionnaire, and habitual physical activity with a digital pedometer. Participants were classified as physically inactive (5 999 steps daily) or physically active (≥ 6 000 steps daily). A negative correlation was observed between steps/day and percent body fat (r = - 0.470; P<0.001), waist circumference (r = - 0.356; P<0.001) and body mass index (r = - 0.286; P=0.003). Compared to the inactive group, active participants had lower diastolic blood pressure (P=0.012), ultrasensitive C-reactive protein (us-CRP) (P=0.011), fasting glucose (P=0.003), fasting insulin (P=0.019) and homeostasis model assessment index (P=0.017), and higher intake of protein, total fat, cholesterol, calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, meats, eggs, and whole-fat dairy foods. After adjustment for age and time since menopause, the risk for metabolic syndrome increased with physical inactivity, high blood pressure, us-CRP, and percent body fat. In conclusion, both habitual physical activity and dietary choices may have contributed towards a more favorable cardiovascular profile and lower risk of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women.

Introdução: O aumento do nível sérico de prolactina tem sido associado com desfechos ginecológicos e obstétricos desfavoráveis, entre eles a endometriose e aborto recorrente. Sabendo que o polimorfismo do receptor da dopamina D2 (DRD2) está associado com hiperprolactinemia, realizamos este estudo para verificar sua associação com endometriose e com abortamento de repetição. Objetivos: Verificar a prevalência dos polimorfismos de receptores de dopamina D2 em pacientes com endometriose peritoneal e em pacientes com abortamento de repetição comparando com mulheres saudáveis. Métodos: Dois estudos de caso-controle foram realizados: um estudo com 107 mulheres com idade entre 18 e 35 anos que foram atendidas no Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre devido à infertilidade causada pela endometriose peritoneal comparada com mulheres saudáveis. O outro estudo foi realizado com um total de 54 mulheres com idade entre 18 e 35 anos que tinham história de aborto de repetição comparada a mulheres férteis sem história de aborto. Foi realizada a extração de DNA de sangue periférico, seguido de reação em cadeia da polimerase (PCR) e o sequenciamento dos dois polimorfismos no exon 7 do gene receptor de dopamina D2 (DRD2). O polimorfismo 1 ocorre no nucleotídeo 3420 (Citosina para Timina, 313 Histidina), e o polimorfismo 2 ocorre no nucleotídeo 3438 (Citosina para Timina, 319 Prolina). Resultados: A frequência do polimorfismo DRD2 está aumentada em pacientes com endometriose peritoneal moderada/grave. Análise dos genótipos DRD2 demonstra uma razão de chance de 2,98 (1,47 - 6,04; intervalo de confiança (IC) 95%) para o polimorfismo 2 na endometriose peritoneal moderada/grave. O mesmo polimorfismo DRD2 tem uma frequência alélica aumentada nas pacientes com abortamento de repetição com uma razão de chance de 2,37 (1,05 - 5,36; IC 95%). Conclusão: Nossos resultados revelam um excesso do polimorfismo DRD2 em mulheres com endometriose peritoneal moderada-grave e em pacientes com abortamento de repetição. Podemos especular que a presença de polimorfismo 2 pode causar um defeito no mecanismo de pós-sinalização, resultando num ligeiro aumento dos níveis de prolactina sérica. Assim, devido ao possível potencial angiogênico, a prolactina pode desempenhar um papel importante na implantação dos focos de endometriose bem como dificuldades na implantação embrionária com consequente aborto. / Introduction: The increase of serum prolactin levels has been associated with unfavourable gynaecological and obstetrical outcomes, including endometriosis and recurrent abortion. Knowing that the polymorphism of the dopamine D2 receptor is associated with hyperprolactinaemia, we conducted this study to verify its association with endometriosis and recurrent miscarriage. Objective: To verify the prevalence of the polymorphism of the D2 dopamine receptor in patients with peritoneal endometriosis and recurrent abortion compared to healthy women. Methods: Two case-control studies were conducted of women who were enrolled at the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre: 1) a study with 107 patients with infertility secondary to peritoneal endometriosis compared with healthy women and 2) a second study with 54 women with recurrent miscarriage compared with fertile women with no history of abortion. All of the women were aged between 18 and 35 years. We performed DNA extraction from peripheral blood followed by a polymerase chain reaction to confirm the single-strand polymorphisms and to sequence two polymorphisms in exon 7 of the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2) gene. Polymorphism 1 occurred in nucleotide 3420 (cytosine to thymine, 313 histidine), and polymorphism 2 occurred in nucleotide 3438 (cytosine to thymine, 319 proline). Results: The frequency of the DRD2 polymorphism 2 was increased in the subjects with peritoneal moderate/severe endometriosis. An analysis of the DRD2 genotypes demonstrated an odds ratio of 2.98 (1.47 - 6.04, 95% confidence interval (CI)) for polymorphism 2 in peritoneal moderate/severe endometriosis. This same polymorphism was increased in the subjects with recurrent miscarriage with an odds ratio of 2.37 (1.05 – 5.36, 95% CI). Conclusions: Our results revealed an excess of the DRD2 polymorphism 2 in exon 7 in women with peritoneal moderate/severe endometriosis and women with recurrent miscarriage. We could speculate that the presence of the polymorphism 2 causes a defect in a post-receptor signalling mechanism, which results in a mild increase in the serum prolactin levels. Thus, the potential angiogenic action of prolactin may play a role in implanting ectopic endometriosis tissue as well as in embryo implantation difficulties with subsequent abortions.

Introdução A infecção por papilomavírus humano está entre as doenças sexualmente transmissíveis mais comuns no Mundo. Entre os diversos fatores associados, o estado nutricional inadequado pode aumentar o risco para ocorrência do HPV. Estudos já foram conduzidos descrevendo a associação entre nutriente e persistência do HPV em mulheres, no entanto, pouco se sabe a respeito da infecção por HPV e a sua relação com a dieta em homens. Objetivo: Investigar a dieta habitual em estudo longitudinal sobre a infecção por HPV em homens: O Estudo HIM. Métodos A população de estudo foi composta de 1336 homens com idade entre 19 e 70 anos. As variáveis sociais, demográficas e de estilo de vida foram obtidas por meio de questionários. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por meio do Questionário Quantitativo de Freqüência Alimentar (QFA) e cinco recordatórios de 24h (R24h). A avaliação do desempenho do QFA foi feita por meio da diferença relativa entre as porções obtidas nos R24h e as porções padronizadas do QFA. Para avaliação da qualidade da dieta foi utilizado o Índice de Qualidade da Dieta- Revisado (IQD-R). Resultados Nenhum item alimentar teve diferença relativa menor que 20 por cento em todas as porções, pequena, média, grande e extragrande. Observou-se um aumento no coeficiente de correlação de energia entre os instrumentos ao substituir as porções padronizadas pelas porções obtidas no R24h. O IQD-R médio da população do estudo foi de 66,92±7,07 pontos. Conclusão O uso de porções provenientes da própria população na qual foi aplicado o questionário pode melhorar o desempenho do QFA. Por meio do IQD-R foi possível identificar associação entre qualidade da dieta e idade, escolaridade e hábito de fumar. / Background The human papillomavirus infection is among the most common sexually transmitted diseases around the world. Among the several associated factors, the unsatisfactory nutritional status may increase the risk of HPV. Studies describing the the association between nutrient and HPV persistence in women have already been conducted, however, very little about HPV infection and its relation with diet habits among men is known. Objective To investigate the usual diet through a longitudinal study about HPV infection among men: the HIM study. Methods: The study population was composed by 1336 men between 19 and 70 years old. The social, demographic and lifestyle variables were obtained through questionnaires. The food consumption was assessed through the Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (QFFQ) and five 24-hour recall (R24h). The FFQ performance assessment was done through the relative difference among the portions obtained from the R24h and the standardized portions from FFQ. In order to assess the diet quality the revised version of the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index (IQD-R) was used. Results None of the food items had a relative difference under 20 per cent at all portions, small, medium large and extra-large. An increase at the correlation coefficient of energy and nutrients among the instruments when replacing the standardized portions by the portions obtained through the R24h was noticed. The average IQD-R of the population of the study was of 66,92±7,07 points. Conclusion The use of portions proceeding from the own population in which the questionnaire was submitted may improve the QFA performance. It was possible to identify the association between diet quality and age, education and smoking habits through the IQD-R.

Africa is home to more than 40% of the world’s population of internally displaced persons (IDPs).4 IDPs, according to the Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement5, are persons or groups of persons who have been forced to leave their homes or places of habitual residence as a result of – or in order to avoid the effects of – armed conflict, situations of generalized violence, violations of human rights, natural disasters or human-made disasters, and who have not crossed an internationally recognised state border. / Thesis (LLM (Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa)) -- University of Pretoria, 2010. / A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Law University of Pretoria, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Masters of Law (LLM in Human Rights and Democratisation in Africa). Prepared under the supervision of Mr. S Tindifa at the Faculty of Law, Makerere University, Uganda. 2010. / http://www.chr.up.ac.za/ / Centre for Human Rights / LLM