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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
111

Hemispheric interaction: when and why is yours better than mine?

Cherbuin, Nicolas, n.cherbuin@anu.edu.au January 2006 (has links)
The performance of most tasks requires some interaction between the cerebral hemispheres. Despite this fact, research has focused on demonstrating that each hemisphere is specialised for certain processes and has largely neglected this interaction. ¶ Recent research has recognised the need for a better understanding of how resources are shared between the cerebral hemispheres. While these studies have shed light on factors external to the participants being tested, such as the type of task and stimuli used, presentation times, and different measurement methods, they have neglected variables that differ between individuals. The studies reported here focused on factors internal to the participants. They include sex, age, handedness, functional lateralisation, practice, attention, and hemispheric activation, which vary between individuals or within individuals across time, and have been shown to influence the structure and morphology of the corpus callosum which is the main pathway for hemispheric interactions. ¶ This thesis examines the relationship of these variables to the efficiency of hemispheric interactions. ¶ A literature review of the factors affecting hemispheric interactions and interhemispheric transfer is presented in Chapter 1, and methodological issues relating to the measurement of these variables in Chapter 2. Based upon this research, two tasks, the Poffenberger paradigm and a letter-matching task, were selected to assess interhemispheric transfer time and hemispheric interactions, respectively, and to investigate the relationship between these two variables. ¶ Chapters 3 and 4 present the findings of the principal study, using a large sample of participants and regression analysis, which demonstrate that both faster interhemispheric transfer and more extreme left-handedness are associated with greater efficiency of hemispheric interaction. Surprisingly, other factors which were expected to influence hemispheric interactions (age, sex, functional lateralisation, and attention) did not have a significant effect on this variable. ¶ A strong practice effect found in the task used in Chapters 3 and 4 is analysed in Chapter 5. Contrary to previous findings, this practice effect seems not to be due to a shift from sequential, rule-based processing to memory-retrieval, but rather, is a more general practice effect consistent with progressively more efficient use of neural resources. ¶ Chapter 6 shows that individuals with dyslexia not only demonstrate an abnormally fast interhemispheric transfer, but also attentional deficits, due probably to decreased efficiency in hemispheric interactions. Because some clinical populations, such as individuals with dyslexia, have been shown to have hemispheric interaction deficits, the study of such clinical samples can provide valuable information about the relationship between hemispheric interactions and other individual variables. ¶ In Chapter 7 it is demonstrated that both latent and induced patterns of lateralised hemispheric activation affect hemispheric interactions. This suggests that assessment of hemispheric activation is important not only in this field, but probably also more generally in neuropsychological research. These findings highlight the need for a simple, inexpensive measure of hemispheric activation that can be applied routinely in cognitive experiments. ¶ Chapter 8 presents a new technique to measure lateralised brain activation in typical psychological experiments using functional tympanic membrane thermometry (fTMT). This measure relies on the measurement of ear membrane temperature as an index of hemispheric activation. The technique is simple and inexpensive, and is shown to be suitable for the assessment of hemispheric activation patterns during typical experiments. ¶ In conclusion, individual characteristics such as the efficiency of interhemispheric transfer, handedness, functional lateralisation, attention, and hemispheric activation are important factors to consider when researching hemispheric interactions in both normal and clinical populations. Furthermore, future research will benefit from this newly developed measure, fTMT, by allowing the systematic study of the effects of hemispheric activation in brain processes.
112

Sensorimotor behavior in children born preterm and adolescents with Cerebral Palsy : Side preference, movement organization, and training / Senso-motoriskt beteende hos barn som fötts för tidigt och hos ungdomar med cerebral pares : Sido skillnader, organisering av rörelser, och träning

Johansson, Anna-Maria January 2012 (has links)
Preterm birth (&lt; 37 complete gestation weeks, GWs) is the single most prominent risk factor for the development of cerebral palsy (CP). This is due to the immature physiological state of the preterm born infant which increases the risk of brain lesions. In CP, prominent sensorimotor, cognitive, and perceptual deviations are manifested with varying degrees of functional impairment. Although most children born preterm (PT) do not develop CP, sensorimotor and cognitive deficits are frequently reported in the absence of major disability. To date, few studies have focused on detailed kinematic analysis of upper-body goal-directed movements and how aspects of movement organization and control are related to hand preference, intellectual function, gestational age, and sex within groups of prematurely born children. Further, studies evaluating effects of sensorimotor training in persons with CP is needed and of importance as positive effects on movement performance may increase individual autonomy as a consequence.To investigate the prevalence of non-right hand preference within children born preterm (PT) in comparison to children born fullterm (FT), a meta-analysis and literature review were performed (study I). It was shown that children born PT had increased rates of non-right handedness (NRH) corresponding to 22% compared to 12% in the FT group (odds ratio 2.12). In study II, hand preference and side specific movement performance in children born PT (. 35 GWs) compared to an age matched group of children born FT were investigated. All included participants were 4-8 years of age without major disability. Movement performance was studied through detailed kinematic registrations of the head, arm, and hand during a goal-directed task and hand preference through observations of the hand used when manipulating different objects. On a group level, the children born PT, specifically those born &lt; 33 GWs, showed an increased rate of NRH, weaker strength of hand preference, and a lack of side specificity in terms of movement kinematics. In general, the children born &lt; 33 GWs also displayed poorer movement organization and control as expressed by longer durations, less smooth and longer distances of the movement trajectories. These findings imply that preterm birth has long term effects on sensorimoror organization and function, possibly reflecting a developmental delay and/or a persistent effect that may be associated with the increased risk of deviations in brain development.In study III, associations between movement performance, assessed with the same task as in study II, and intellectual function (Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th ed; WISC-IV) were studied. This study included a subsample of the children from study II at 6-8 years of age. The results showed a link between movement organization and general intellectual functioning (IQ), when controlling for effects of GA and sex, for the PT born but not the FT born children. These findings suggest shared neural underpinnings and interrelated development of motor and intellectual functions.In study IV, kinematic analysis of upper-body movements and subjective experience of change in upper-body function were applied before and after a period of synchronized metronome training (SMT) in adolescents with varying degree of CP to study the effects of this type of training. The SMT method applied entailed elements of movement timing and rhythmic activation coupled with feedback and was hypothesized to train sensorimotor integration. It was found that SMT did improve, to varying degrees, the organization and control of movements in adolescents with CP. The participants with more severe forms of CP reported substantial effects in daily living activities. The observed effects of SMT warrant further study of specific effects on movement planning, biomechanical constraints, and attention.The relation between hand preference and movement performance, movement performance and intellectual function, and aspects related to the SMT method applied in study IV are discussed. Specifically, the lack of side specific movement organization within the group of children born PT is discussed from perspectives of motor learning, plasticity, and genetics. The relations between movement performance and intellectual functions are considered and ideas for how this association could be tested are given. With relation to study IV, the functions trained by the specific SMT method applied and the accessibility of individuals with different degree of CP is discussed. Methodological considerations and ideas for future research approaches within these areas are presented. / Varje år föds det drygt 100 000 barn i Sverige. Cirka 5% av dessa barn föds för tidigt, det vill säga före 37 kompletta graviditetsveckor. Av de barn som föds för tidigt har majoriteten en gestationsålder (antalet graviditetsveckor) över 33 veckor (Medicinska födelseregistret, 2009). Omkring 8% av barn som föds för tidigt diagnosticeras senare med cerebral pares (CP) (Ancel, et al., 2006) och omkring hälften av personer med diagnosen CP har en för tidig födelsehistorik (Beaino et al., 2010). CP är ett paraplybegrepp som innefattar ett flertal icke-progressiva motoriska utvecklingsavvikelser av olika karaktär och funktionsnedsättningsgrad, orsakade av hjärnskador som inträffar under fosterlivet eller vid förlossningen. Vanligtvis så påverkas även sensorik, perception, kognition, och beteende negativt (Rosenbaum, Paneth, Leviton, Goldstein, &amp; Bax, 2008). En prematur födsel utgör den största riskfaktorn för utvecklingen av CP där risken är störst för de barn som föds allra tidigast (Murphy, Sellers, MacKenzie, Yudkin, &amp; Johnson, 1995). De allra flesta barn som föds för tidigt drabbas dock inte av grav sensomotorisk funktionsnedsättning som till exempel CP trots att det finns en ökad risk för hjärnskador hos denna grupp. Ett flertal studier har ändå visat att barn som fötts för tidigt och ej diagnosticerats med CP i högre grad än fullgångna barn generellt har både motoriska (e.g., Williams et al., 2010) och kognitiva (e.g., Bhutta, 2002) funktionsnedsättningar.I dagsläget så har endast ett fåtal studier fokuserat på att i detalj studera organiseringen av målinriktade hand-armrörelser hos barn som fötts för tidigt. Av dessa har merparten fokuserat på spädbarn i syfte att finna tidiga markörer för sensomotoriska avvikelser. Då de sensomotoriska problemen hos för tidigt födda barn kvarstår i skolåldern och i vissa fall är så diskreta att de upptäcks först när barnet börjar skolan så kan rörelseanalys vara en metod som kan bidra till ökad förståelse och kunskap om hur den sensomotoriska påverkan uttrycks hos äldre barn. Ett av syftena med denna avhandling var således att noggrant studera organiseringen av huvud-, arm-, och handrörelser under en målinriktad handling hos barn som fötts för tidigt jämfört med en grupp barn i samma åldrar (4-8 år) som fötts efter fullgången graviditet. Av intresse är att studera relationen mellan aspekter associerade med rörelseorganisation och handpreferens, intellektuell förmåga, gestationsålder, samt kön. Då barn och ungdomar med CP utgör den största diagnosgruppen som behandlas inom barn- och ungdomshabiliteringar (Odding, Roebroeck, &amp; Stam, 2006) finns det ett stort behov av att utvärdera effekten av redan existerande träningsmetoder. Ett ytterligare syfte med detta avhandlingsarbete var att utvärdera både kort- och långtidseffekter av en etablerad träningsmetod (synchronized metronome training; SMT) som antas främja den sensomotoriska integreringen hos ungdomar (12-17 år) med diagnosen CP. Effekterna av denna träningsmetod utvärderades med hjälp av detaljerad rörelseanalys samt ett frågeformulär gällande individens upplevelse av förändring.Då barn som fötts för tidigt i vissa studier har visat sig ha en ökad prevalens av icke-högerhänthet, det vill säga fler som är vänsterhänta eller tvåhänta (ambidextra), så utfördes en systematisk litteraturgenomgång och en metaanalys för att undersöka detta fenomen närmare (studie I). I denna studie visade det sig att barn som fötts för tidigt i större utsträckning var icke-högerhänta jämfört med barn som fötts efter en fullgången graviditet (odds ratio 2.12). Hos de för tidigt födda barnen var 22% icke högerhänta jämfört med 12% av de som fötts efter fullgången graviditet. Dock säger handpreferensstudier inget om hur kvaliteten på rörelser utförda med den föredragna eller icke-föredragna handen ser ut. För att undersöka sambandet mellan handpreferens och kvalitet på rörelser kopplade till den föredragna och icke-föredragna handen hos barn som fötts för tidigt, jämfört med fullgångna åldersmatchade kontroller, utfördes kinematiska rörelseanalyser samt ett testbatteri som undersöker handpreferens (studie II). Barnen utförde målinriktade rörelser, med en hand i taget, i en uppgift som ställer höga krav på öga-hand-koordination och precision. Uppgiften bestod i att plocka upp och trä så många pärlor som möjligt på en smal pinne under 30 sekunder. Denna studie visade att barnen med en för tidig födelsehistorik, speciellt de mycket för tidigt födda (före graviditetsvecka 33), i större utsträckning var klassificerade som icke-högerhänta och hade en svagare handpreferens i jämförelse med barnen som inte fötts för tidigt. De mycket för tidigt födda barnen visade även, som grupp, en sämre organisering av huvud-, arm-, och handrörelser vilket manifesterades i en ökad längd, tidsåtgång och ojämnhet av rörelsebanorna. Oavsett gestationsålder så visade den för tidigt födda gruppen barn inga sidoskillnader i kvaliteten på rörelserna vilket däremot var tydligt hos gruppen barn som fötts vid fullgången graviditet. Dock så skiljde sig gruppen barn som fötts moderat för tidigt (mellan graviditetsvecka 33 och 35) inte statistiskt signifikant åt från barnen i den fullgånget födda gruppen. Dessa resultat indikerar en långvarig effekt av för tidig födsel på sensomotorisk funktion. Den markanta påverkan som barnen som fötts före graviditetsvecka 33 uppvisade, kan tolkas som en effekt av den ökade risken för avvikelser i hjärnans utveckling.I studie III undersöktes sambanden mellan intellektuell förmåga och organiseringen av rörelser hos barn som fötts för tidigt samt hos barn som fötts efter en fullgången graviditet i 6-8 års ålder (en subgrupp ur studie II). Den intellektuella förmågan undersöktes med hjälp av Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4:e upplagan, och den kinematiska uppgiften var den samma som beskrivits ovan. Denna studie visade på skillnader i intellektuell förmåga, specifikt gällande generell intelligens samt verbal och perceptuell förmåga, där de för tidigt födda barnen hade lägre poäng än de fullgångna barnen. Viktigt att poängtera är dock att medelvärdena för gruppen för tidigt födda barn låg inom det normala spannet. Vidare så visade sig gestationsålder och generell intellektuell förmåga ha betydelse för det motoriska utförandet hos de för tidigt födda barnen, speciellt på den föredragna sidan. Kön bidrog inte till att förklara skillnader i organiseringen av rörelser. Intellektuell förmåga hade ingen relation till den sensomotoriska funktionen hos gruppen barn som fötts efter en fullgången graviditet. Detta belyser vikten av att studera kognitiva aspekter av motorisk funktion för att bättre förstå de skillnader eller avvikelser som ofta påvisas hos barn med en för tidig födelsehistorik. Dessutom skulle en sådan ansats öka kunskapen om den interrelaterade utvecklingen av motorisk och intellektuell förmåga, både ur ett beteendeperspektiv och ur ett hjärnutvecklingsperspektiv.Kinematisk rörelseanalys användes även i studie IV för att beskriva eventuella förändringar i rörelseorganisation efter SMT-träning hos ungdomar med olika typer av CP och varierande grad av funktionsnedsättning (studie IV). Ungdomarna utförde en målinriktad uppgift som bestod i att tända små lampor i sekventiell ordning. Testerna genomfördes vid tre tillfällen, före, i anslutning till avslutad SMT-träning samt 6 månader efter avslutad SMT-träning. Träningsperioden varade i 4 veckor och innefattade 12 individanpassade SMT-sessioner. Den typ av SMT-träning som användes i denna studie antas främja sensomotorisk integrering genom rytmisk aktivering och timing av rörelser mot en auditiv och visuell signal. Feedback på avvikelsen i synkronisering, och en instruktion om hur deltagaren skall uppnå bättre rörelsetiming, ges direkt både auditivt och visuellt. Denna studie visade på förändringar i rörelseorganisation och motorisk kontroll hos flertalet av deltagarna. Dessa effekter kvarstod till viss del vid uppföljningen efter 6 månader. Deltagarna med gravare funktionsnedsättning rapporterade substantiella förändringar i förmågan att delta i dagliga aktiviteter både direkt efter avslutad träning samt 6 månader senare. De rapporterade effekterna gällde ökad snabbhet, minskad muskeltonus, bättre arm-, hand- och fingerkontroll, samt ökad motivation att använda armen och handen både i träning och vardagliga aktiviteter. Dessa subjektivt upplevda förändringar tillsammans med de vi observerat i de kinematiska parametrarna utgör en grund för fortsatta studier av effekter av SMT hos denna grupp ungdomar och även hos andra grupper barn och ungdomar med motoriska problem. En ansats där effekter av SMT-metoder studeras utifrån rörelseplanering, biomekaniska restriktioner, samt uppmärksamhet skulle vara av betydelse.I avhandlingen diskuteras relationen mellan handpreferens och kvalitet på rörelser i relation till den föredragna och icke-föredragna handen, samband mellan organisering av rörelser och intellektuell förmåga, samt aspekter relaterade till SMT-metoden som applicerats i studie IV. Specifikt diskuteras avsaknaden av en sidospecifik rörelseorganisering hos gruppen barn som fötts för tidigt i relation till motorisk inlärning, hjärnans förmåga att förändra sig, och genetik. Relationen mellan organisering av rörelser och intellektuell förmåga betänks och förslag på hur detta samband kan undersökas i kommande studier ges. Vidare så diskuteras vilka funktioner som SMT-metoden tränar samt dess tillgänglighet för barn och ungdomar med olika grad av funktionsnedsättning relaterad till typ av CP diagnos. Metodologiska överväganden och idéer för framtida forskningsansatser inom dessa områden presenteras. / <p>En viktig annan finansiär är Norrbacka-Eugenia Stiftelsen som bekostade hela min forskarutbildning.</p>
113

A Handful of Considerations : Perspectives on Left-handedness in Violin Playing and Violin Pedagogy

Pyykönen, Krista January 2015 (has links)
The topic of this study is left-handedness as a phenomenon in violin playing and classical violin pedagogy. The aim of the study is to investigate what kind of knowledge and approaches are crucial for taking left-handedness into account when teaching left-handed violinists in the normatively right-handed violin pedagogy. The body of knowledge arises from literature on hemispheric lateralization, left-handedness, attributes of violin playing, and earlier studies on hand-preference and musical performance, hemispheric adaptations to musical training, and children’s conceptions of left and right. A background-study was carried out on left-handedness in guitar playing. The study employs abductive reasoning, has an auto-ethnographic thread and draws on the hermeneutical epistemology. The theoretical framework rests on the cultural-psychological perspective on music education. The data was collected in two parts using qualitative ethnography-inspired methods. First qualitative thematic interview was used for gathering strategically sampled data from expert respondents on violin playing, pedagogy and violin-making. Secondly non-participant observation and follow-up interview was used for examining a beginner violin lesson. The findings of the study suggest that violin pedagogues need knowledge of the lateralization effects on violin playing and methodological understanding for pupils’ handedness and maturity of motor development. The data suggests that left-handedness is not a disadvantage in violin playing when provided with education that recognizes it. Reversed violin playing is considered as an alternative for strongly left-handed pupils. The data shows that violin education needs open discussion on left-handedness in terms of prejudices in orchestras, and raised awareness on the availability of left-handed instruments.
114

Handedness & Autobiographical Memory: An Examination of Handedness and its Effects on Autobiographical Memory

Gosch, Austin 01 January 2018 (has links)
Previous research has shown that individuals who are inconsistently handed (IH) outperform consistently handed (IH) individuals on episodic and spatial memory tasks as well as many others. This current study examines whether handedness is related to a person’s ability to recall autobiographical memories (AM) - episodic memories about oneself. Participants were first asked to recall seven memories that will be cued by seven cue words: earth, friend, dream, power, love, trouble, and opinion. They later expanded on those memories to include more detail, then self-rated how well they were able to remember them on five aspects of AM (spatial layout, content, reliving, vividness, and belief) using a modified version of the Autobiographical Memory Questionnaire (AMQ). Ninety-seven participants (44.3% female, Age: 19 to 69 years) were included in the data analysis. All ninety-seven were recruited through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk system and were financially compensated for their time. Results showed no main effect of handedness on AM in regards to all five AM aspects tested, meaning IH’s did not outperform CH’s in regards to autobiographical memory recall.
115

Lateralized Head Turning Bias in Humans – Cues to the Development of Human Cerebral Asymmetries

Petzold, Antje 11 October 2002 (has links)
The origin and development of human cerebral asymmetries is yet a debated issue. One prominent manifestation of cerebral asymmetry is handedness with humans showing a dextral population bias. Handedness in humans is not fully established before the age of six. However, head turning preference in newborns is thought to be an important factor in the development of later handedness. If this head turning preference did not disappear completely during development but would prevail into adulthood it might, thus, be associated with handedness. Therefore, this study aimed to assess head turning preference in adults and to relate a possibly emerging bias to handedness. Forty-two adults (6 females, aged 23- 63, mean age = 35) participated in the study. Head turning preference was assessed by means of a move during Ju Jutsu martial arts training, which requires the trainee to move the head to either left or right. The direction of head movement is not specified for this move, leaving the choice to the trainee. Handedness was measured by the Edinburgh Handedness Inventory. Results did not reveal a profound head turning bias in adults. Contrary to the dextral bias in handedness, in this study a leftward bias in head turning emerged from those participants who showed a head turning preference. Head turning bias did not depend on handedness. The finding of a nearly absent and predominantly leftward head turning bias in this sample is discussed in the context of the Ju Jutsu task, training experience and trainer bias. It is concluded that the Ju Jutsu move is not a sufficient task to assess head turning preference in humans. Thus, to further illuminate the relation between head turning preference and handedness, studies are needed which assess head turning preference in adults in an un-trainable and unbiased situation.
116

Změny svalové síly stisku ruky vzhledem k lateralitě u dětí mladšího školního věku v lezeckém kroužku / Changes in handgrip strength in relation to laterality at indoor youth climbing course

Janatová, Klára January 2017 (has links)
Title: Changes in handgrip strength in relation to laterality at indoor youth climbing course Objectives: The aim of this diploma theses is to investigate whether regular climbing activity of children at age 7-11 leads to development of handgrip stength or its endurance with respect to laterality. Also if climbing leads to symetrical strenghtening of upper limbs. Methods: Group of 14 children at age 7-11 participated in a climbing course once a week for 3 months. Maximal grip strength was measured, persistence in pressing hand over 30 seconds and evaluation of laterality. First testing was done in October 2016 and second after 3 months in January 2017. Results: The research involved 13 right-handed and 1 left-handed participant and degree of laterality remained unchanged. Grip strength of dominant upper limb was stronger in 10 children from 13 (October 2016 - first measuring) at the first measurement. Our results suggest that climbing activities for three months, according to statistical analysis (t-test Microsoft Excel 2010), may contribute to the symetrical strengthening of upper limbs in 88%. We have discovered two types development phenomena - visualised as 2 distinct curves that show the development of strength in 30 seconds. Keywords: Children, indoor climbing, preference, handedness,...
117

Levorukost a její akceptování v současném školství a rodinách / Left-handedness and its acceptance in contemporary education system and families

Svobodová, Libuše January 2020 (has links)
TITLE: Left-handedness and its acceptance in contemporary education system and families AUTHOR: Libuše Svobodová DEPARTMENT: Department of Biology and Environmental Studies SUPERVISOR: doc. RNDr. Václav Vančata, CSc. ABSTRACT: The diploma thesis entitled Left-handedness and its acceptance in contemporary education system and families follows up and complements the bachelor thesis entitled The issue of left- handedness in the development of children and youth - history, present and perspectives. The first and second chapters of the theoretical part of the diploma thesis focus more deeply on the characteristics of left-handed writing styles, advantages and disadvantages of left-handed writing, suitable writing aids, classroom order, organization of work environment and writing methodology. The third chapter is devoted to laterality tests with a focus on the upper limb, lower limb, eye and ear, test tasks, their conditions and evaluation. The last fourth chapter of the theoretical part deals with the central nervous system, more precisely the brain and its asymmetric anatomy, function, control of upper limb movements and motor development of the upper limb. The practical part of the diploma thesis consists of five researches. The first research verifies the occurrence of left-handers in primary schools and...
118

Aktuelle Untersuchungen zur Präferenzohrigkeit

Reiss, M. January 1998 (has links)
Sensorische Asymmetrien zeigen sich vor allem im Bereich der Augen und der Ohren. Es gibt verschiedene Möglichkeiten, diese Asymmetrien zu untersuchen. Hierbei kann man Präferenz-, Leistungstests and sensorische Tests unterscheiden. Im Gegensatz zur Präferenz der Augen wurde die Ohrpräferenz bisher nur wenig berücksichtigt. Das Ziel dieser Studie ist es, einige neue Aspekte zur Untersuchung vorzulegen. Wir konnten in der Literatur insgesamt 13 verschiedene Tests zur Bestimmung der Präferenzohrigkeit nachweisen: «Schublade», «Tischdecke», «Schachtel», «Stoppuhr», «Telefonhörer», «Wandtelefon», «Ohrstecker», «Tür», «Herzschlag», «Taschenradio», «Stimme», «Wand» und «Kopfbewegung». Bei insgesamt 300 Studenten wurde nun die Brauchbarkeit dieser 13 Testproben geprüft. Es konnte eine hohe Beziehung zwischen «Stoppuhr», «Herzschlag», «Tür» und «Schachtel» nachgewiesen werden, nicht jedoch zwischen Telefonieren und Ohrigkeit. Es wird vorgeschlagen, die Ohrigkeit mit einer Testbatterie zu bestimmen, welche vier Testproben umfasst («Stoppuhr», «Herzschlag», «Tür» und «Schachtel»). / Sensory asymmetries are most prominent with respect to the eyes and ears. There are various ways to investigate these asymmetries. The tests used for this purpose can be classified as preference, performance and sensory tests. Contrary to eyedness, earedness has received little attention. The objective of this study is to provide a few new investigatory aspects. We were able to identify 13 different tests for the determination of earedness in the literature: ‘drawer’, ‘tablecloth’, ‘box’, ‘stop watch’, ‘telephone receiver’, ‘wall phone’, ‘earphone’, ‘door’, ‘heartbeat’, ‘transistor radio’, ‘voice’, ‘wall’ and ‘head movement’. A study including 300 student test subjects was done to determine the usefulness of this battery of 13 tests. A high correlation was found between ‘stop watch’, ‘heartbeat’, ‘door’ and ‘box’, but not between telephoning and earedness. The determination of earedness by a battery comprised of 4 tests (‘stop watch’, ‘heartbeat’, ‘door’ and ‘box’) is suggested. / Les asymétries sensorielles se manifestent surtout au niveau des yeux et des oreilles. Il existe plusieurs façons d’étudier des asymétries. On distingue les tests de latéralité, les tests de performance et les tests sensoriels. Contrairement à la latéralité visuelle, la latéralité auditive a été peu étudiée jusqu’ici. Cette étude a pour but de présenter des aspects nouveaux dans ce domaine. Nous avons retrouvé dans la littérature 13 tests au total pour la détermination de la latéralité auditive: «le tiroir», «la nappe», «la boîte», «le chronomètre», «l’écouteur téléphonique», «le téléphone mural», «l’appareil auditif», «la porte», «les battements du coeur», «la radio portative», «la voix», «le mur», «le mouvement de la tête». L’utilité de ces 13 tests a été éprouvée chez 300 étudiants. Une relation significative avec la latéralité a été obtenue pour «le chronomètre », «les battements du coeur», «la porte» et «la boî- te», mais pas pour le téléphone. Les auteurs proposent d’établir la latéralité auditive au moyen d’une batterie de 4 tests: «le chronomètre», «les battements du coeur», «la porte» et «la boîte». / Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Left-Handedness: Are Some Teaching Styles Inhibiting their Learning?

Miller, Nancy S. January 2003 (has links)
No description available.
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The genetics of handedness and dyslexia

Brandler, William M. January 2014 (has links)
The population level bias towards right-handedness in humans implies left-hemisphere dominance for fine motor control. Left-handedness and reduced cerebral asymmetry have been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders such as dyslexia. Understanding the biology of these traits at a genetic level is crucial for understanding the relationship between handedness and neurodevelopmental disorders. Here I present genome-wide association study (GWAS) meta-analyses for both relative hand skill (handedness, n = 728) and reading-related traits (n = 548) in individuals with dyslexia. I uncovered a genome-wide significant association in an intron of PCSK6 associated with relative hand skill. PCSK6 is a protease that cleaves NODAL proprotein into an active form, and NODAL determines the development of left/right (LR) asymmetry in bilaterians. I performed pathway analyses of the GWAS data that revealed handedness is determined in part by the mechanisms that establish left/right (LR) asymmetry early in development, such as NODAL signalling and ciliogenesis. This finding replicated in a general population cohort unaffected with neurodevelopmental disorders (n = 2,666). A key stage in LR asymmetry development is the rotation of cilia that creates a leftward flow of NODAL. Candidate genes for dyslexia are involved in both neuronal migration and ciliogenesis. Ciliopathies can cause not only LR body asymmetry phenotypes, but also cerebral midline phenotypes such as an absent corpus callosum. Furthermore, I identified a genome-wide significant association with non-word reading located in an intron of MAP1B, a gene involved in neuronal migration that causes an absent corpus callosum when disrupted in mice. However, this finding did not replicate in two independent cohorts with dyslexia (n = 156 & 199), or in the general population cohort (n = 2,359). Though these cohorts had inadequate reading measures and poorly matched ascertainment for dyslexia. I also performed copy number variation (CNV) pathway and burden analyses of 920 individuals with dyslexia and 1,366 unselected controls, but did not find that rare CNVs play a major role in the etiology of dyslexia. Based on these results I propose that common variants in genes responsible for ciliogenesis and corpus callosum development influence traits such as handedness and reading ability.

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