The Japanese paper and paperboard industry has grown to be one of the largest in the world. It manufactures a range of products for sale primarily within Japan, and consumes organic fibre for these products from dispersed domestic and foreign forests, plantations and cities. This dissertation examines the links between the development and structure of the industry and its use of papermaking fibre. It takes a political ecology perspective and uses an industrial structure/consumption-production chain approach to show how the industry’s development and structure continue to depend on company control over fibre flows and the restructuring of products, product distribution and manufacture, the fibre supply chain and fibre resources. As with the modern global paper/board industry, the recent growth of the Japanese industry has been characterised by cycles of capacity expansion, market collapse, excess capacity and low prices and profits. Manufacturers and general trading companies involved in the industry have tried to support growth in the use of paper/board and counter these cycles by restructuring production, distribution, ownership and fibre supply. This restructuring helps protect the flow of fibre through the industry and concentrated it in particular companies. Obtaining increasing quantities of suitably-priced fibre has been at the base of the industry’s development.

在眾所皆知的Harris-Todaro（1970）的城鄉失業模型，以及由Harris-Todaro模型所發展出來的資本可以在兩部門間自由移動之Corden-Findlay（1975）模型中，我們發現當生產函數為固定係數且製造業的資本勞動比相對於農業較大時，城市的最低工資提高會造成製造業的產出以及勞動雇用量增加。即所謂的Corden-Findlay Paradox。而本文計畫將Corden-Findlay paradox做一深入的探討，主要的研究目的在於利用嚴謹的數學模型重新驗證Corden-Findlay Paradox是否存在？其次，當體系開放後，會不會有其他的現象是Corden-Findlay當初沒有發現的？而本文的研究動機亦因之產生。經由本文的證明發現：在某些條件下，當製造業的最低工資提高時，除了Corden-Findlay Paradox存在外，國民所得會同時下降；其次，可能會發生貿易逆轉的現象。本文將在下面幾章節中作深入的探討。深入研究Corden-Findlay Paradox 的重要性在於Corden-Findlay 的模型中只提到農業及製造業之工資作政策性的補貼對兩部門間的失業及產出的影響，但我們發現透過製造業最低工資的提高會達到貿易逆轉的現象，也就是說如果政府或雇主想要提高該產品在國際市場上的競爭力時，可以依照Corden-Findlay Paradox 的說法並將生產該產品的最低工資提高來達成出口增加的目的（前提必須為該產品的生產函數為固定係數且要素密集度相對較大）。另外，提高最低工資的作法對消費者是不利的，因為國民所得會由於最低工資的提高而下降。國民所得減少，消費自然就下降。這正是我們對Corden-Findlay 的模型做深入探討的兩個重點。 第一章 緒論 第一節 研究動機．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．１ 第二節 Harris- Todaro城鄉人口移動模型簡介．．．．．２ 第三節 Corden- Findlay Paradox之簡介．．．．．．． ４ 第二章 一般模型 第一節 生產面與需求面．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．７ 第二節 小型開放經濟體系．．．．．．．．．．．．．１３ 第三章 小型開放經濟體系下的Corden- Findlay Paradox 第一節 本國的供給面與需求面 －以Leontief生產函數，Cobb-Douglas效用函數為例．１５ 第二節 Corden- Findlay Paradox．．．．．．．．．．１７ 第三節 其它重要發現．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ２１ 第四節 數值例子．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ２４ 第四章 結論 第一節 本文結論．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ２９ 第二節 未來發展方向．．．．．．．．．．．．．．． ３０ 參考文獻

The Japanese paper and paperboard industry has grown to be one of the largest in the world. It manufactures a range of products for sale primarily within Japan, and consumes organic fibre for these products from dispersed domestic and foreign forests, plantations and cities. This dissertation examines the links between the development and structure of the industry and its use of papermaking fibre. It takes a political ecology perspective and uses an industrial structure/consumption-production chain approach to show how the industry’s development and structure continue to depend on company control over fibre flows and the restructuring of products, product distribution and manufacture, the fibre supply chain and fibre resources. As with the modern global paper/board industry, the recent growth of the Japanese industry has been characterised by cycles of capacity expansion, market collapse, excess capacity and low prices and profits. Manufacturers and general trading companies involved in the industry have tried to support growth in the use of paper/board and counter these cycles by restructuring production, distribution, ownership and fibre supply. This restructuring helps protect the flow of fibre through the industry and concentrated it in particular companies. Obtaining increasing quantities of suitably-priced fibre has been at the base of the industry’s development.

This dissertation provides analysis on several areas of study related to the history of the United States Marine Corps in the Civil War Era. One element scrutinizes the efforts of Commandant Archibald Henderson to transform the Corps into a more nimble and professional organization. Henderson's initiatives are placed within the framework of the several fundamental changes that the U.S. Navy was undergoing as it worked to experiment with, acquire, and incorporate new naval technologies into its own operational concept. Analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of Henderson's programs are provided and comparisons drawn with those priorities established by his successor, Commandant John Harris. In addition, the operations undertaken by the Corps during the Civil War are evaluated in terms of their relative benefit for the national military establishment as a whole. The Corps organization and operational concept is scrutinized and compared with that of similar military structures. In particular, the relationship between the U.S. Marine Corps and the Confederate States Marine Corps are compared. In the process, the South's Corps, born in part out of that of the North's, exhibited many distinct advantages that the USMC solidly resisted adopting during the war years. The influence of key leaders, both military and civilian, reveals many problems that continued to negatively affect the Corps' ability to meet operational requirements as defined by senior naval and Army commanders. Yet despite these issues, the Corps' Civil War experiences served as a crucible for forging a new generation of leaders who earnestly fought for reforms and increased professionalization of the unit. Although the Corps suffered from several problems related to lack of institutional vision and leadership failings of some senior officers, at a small unit level the officers and Marines performed their duties in a competent, enthusiastic, and courageous manner. Therefore, Marines continued to be in great demand by naval commanders at all levels, who actively sought their service in a variety of operation.

Begun in Berlin, completed in exile in Paris, and premiered on both sides of the Atlantic, Kurt Weill's Symphony No. 2 sets up the symphony circa 1933 as both resolutely international and messily interdisciplinary, and spotlights how fundamentally a transnational approach is needed in order more comprehensively to understand both the genre and the localised political and social issues shaping symphonic discourse at this time. Taking the issues raised by Weill's symphony as a starting point, and borrowing fine-grained, historically synchronic approaches from year studies, this thesis examines the symphonic genre in 1933 through four other case-study works composed or premiered in that year. I thus position the symphony as a site of cultural exchange between and within the major contexts traversed by Weill and his work: Berlin, Paris, and a messier U.S. East-Coast nexus that centres on New York and Boston, via Mexico City, looking in detail at Hans Pfitzner's Symphony in C-sharp minor, Roy Harris's Symphony 1933, Aaron Copland's Short Symphony, and Arthur Honegger's Mouvement Symphonique nr. 3. The Germanic genre has long been associated with nationalism, monumentality, and power display, wedded to Germanic Enlightenment philosophical discourses about universalised selfhood and its relationship to society. 1933, the year in which Hitler took power and the Great Depression reached its peak, was politically and economically fraught, concentrating social questions that intersect with symphonic issues about power, selfhood, space, and mass audiences. It is also a neglected year within symphonic surveys. The thesis combines archival work and hermeneutic perspectives to foreground those social and political discourses historically associated with the genre. I argue for the significance of their differing legacies in co-existent contexts, for the complicity of the genre in establishing and perpetuating political and colonial hegemonies, and for the urgency of rethinking the symphony as an international phenomenon.

It is a central claim of modern linguistic theory that linguists do not prescribe, but describe language as it is, without pronouncing on correctness or judging one variety better than another. This attempt to exclude evaluation is motivated by a desire to be ' politically correct', which hinders objective analysis of language, and by an ill-advised imitation of the natural sciences, which obstructs the discipline's progress towards becoming a science in its own right. It involves linguists, as users of a valued variety, in self-deception and disingenuousness, distances them from the concerns of the ordinary language user, and betrays a failure to understand the involvement of social values in language, the nature of language itself, and the limits of linguistic science. On a wider scale, linguistics reflects society's devaluing and mechanisation of language. Despite growing concern expressed in the literature, and the incoherence that becomes apparent when linguists attempt to address social problems using a theory that regards language as an autonomous object, newcomers to the discipline continue to be taught that anti-prescriptivism is the natural corollary of a scientific approach to language. This thesis suggests that the way out of these difficulties is to rethink the meaning of ' theory' in linguistics. If we take the reflexivity of language seriously, building on M.A.K. Halliday's notion of 'linguistics as metaphor', we are reminded that a linguistic theory is made of language. Metalanguage must use the experiential and interpersonal meaning-making resources of everyday language. It follows that a linguistic theory cannot escape being evaluative, because evaluation is an inherent part of interpersonal meaning. If we fail to notice our own metalinguistic evaluation, this is because language disguises its evaluative meanings, or perhaps we are just not used to thinking of them as part of the grammar. To achieve clarity about the involvement of value in language, we need to turn our metalanguage back on itself - 'using the grammar to think with about the grammar' . Some ways of doing this are demonstrated here, turning the resources of systemic functional linguistics on linguists' own language. The circularity of this process should be seen not as a drawback but as a salutary reminder that linguistics is an interpretive rather than a discovery process. This knowledge should help us revalue language and make a place for evaluation in linguistic theory, paving the way for a socially responsible and productive linguistics.

I want to present a prospective evaluation of one-year results in patients undergoing total hip arthroplasty from a minimally invasive antero-lateral approach (THA MIS-AL). And I want also to compare, by means of biochemical markers, the operative invasiveness of standard total hip replacement with that of the minimally invasive anterolateral (MIS-AL) approach.At one year after surgery we evaluated the quality of life by 60 patients using SF-36 questionaire and we compared the results with standard anterolateral approach and regional standard.

A stochastic operator is a positive linear contraction, P : L1 --+ L1, such that llPfII2 = llfll1 for f > 0. It is called asymptotically stable if the iterates pn f of each density converge in the norm to a fixed density. Pf(x) = f K(x,y)f(y)dy, where K( ·, y) is a density, defines a stochastic kernel operator. A general probabilistic/ deterministic model for biological systems is considered. This leads to the LMT operator P f(x) = Jo - Bx H(Q(>.(x)) - Q(y)) dy, where -H'(x) = h(x) is a density. Several particular examples of cell cycle models are examined. An operator overlaps supports iffor all densities f,g, pn f APng of 0 for some n. If the operator is partially kernel, has a positive invariant density and overlaps supports, it is asymptotically stable. It is found that if h( x) > 0 for x ~ xo ~ 0 and ["'" x"h(x) dx < liminf(Q(A(x))" - Q(x)") for a E (0, 1] lo x-oo then P is asymptotically stable, and an opposite condition implies P is sweeping. Many known results for cell cycle models follow from this. / Mathematical Science / M. Sc. (Mathematics)

More complex and intricate Computer Vision algorithms combined with higher resolution image streams put bigger and bigger demands on processing power. CPU clock frequencies are now pushing the limits of possible speeds, and have instead started growing in number of cores. Most Computer Vision algorithms' performance respond well to parallel solutions. Dividing the algorithm over 4-8 CPU cores can give a good speed-up, but using chips with Programmable Logic (PL) such as FPGA's can give even more. An interesting recent addition to the FPGA family is a System on Chip (SoC) that combines a CPU and an FPGA in one chip, such as the Zynq-7000 series from Xilinx. This tight integration between the Programmable Logic and Processing System (PS) opens up for designs where C programs can use the programmable logic to accelerate selected parts of the algorithm, while still behaving like a C program. On that subject, Xilinx has introduced a new High-Level Synthesis Tool (HLST) called Vivado HLS, which has the power to accelerate C code by synthesizing it to Hardware Description Language (HDL) code. This potentially bridges two otherwise very separate worlds; the ever popular OpenCV library and FPGAs. This thesis will focus on evaluating Vivado HLS from Xilinx primarily with image processing in mind for potential use on GIMME-2; a system with a Zynq-7020 SoC and two high resolution image sensors, tailored for stereo vision.

This diploma work analyzes the contemporary rise of the number of atheists in the United States of America, basing this presupposition on numerous nation-wide surveys, primarily conducted by Gallup Poll and Pew Research Center. It goes into depth on the definition of atheism and strictly delineates the meaning of this word and the use of its alternatives in the work. Given the fact that the thesis is written by a Czech author, it also provides necessary background covering the differences between Czech atheism and American atheism. Since the work is purposely not one of literary analysis but rather of socio-political and cultural nature, reasons for this decision are given in a separate subchapter analyzing Flannery O'Connor's novel Wise Blood. History of atheism in America is touched upon in the beginning of Chapter 3, but since the fundamental focus of this work is on the contemporary state of affairs, the roots of modern atheism in America are sought after mainly in the twentieth century. In particular, the greatest causes of the weakening of church's power and the rise of secularism (or atheism, for that matter) are given as following: Madalyn Murray O'Hair's fights against church's influence in public schools and against its public funding; the argument about the non-scientific nature of belief...