Theoretical study of energy levels, oscillator strengths, transition probabilities, and lifetimes of Si III lines has been reported in this thesis. These atomic parameters are required for the interpretation of emission and absorption lines of Si III and for the modeling of astrophysical plasmas including Galactic High Velocity Clouds (HVCs), the Sun, and white dwarf stars. We used Hartree-Fock (HF) and Multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock (MCHF) methods in our calculations. We have considered 58 levels of the 3s2, 3s3p, 3p2, 3s3d, 3s4s, 3s4p, 3s4d, 3s4f, 3s5s, 3s5p, 3s5d, 3s6s, and 3s5f configurations. The relativistic corrections are included in Breit-Pauli approximation by using one-body Darwin, mass correction, spin-orbit operators, and two-body spin-other-orbit and spin-spin operators. The results have been compared with previous theoretical results and available experimental data, and generally a good agreement is found.

Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit werden theoretische Modelle zur Beschreibung von Valenz- und Rumpf-angeregten elektronischen Zuständen diskutiert. Im Fall der Valenz-Anregungen wurden time-dependend Hartree-Fock (TD-HF) und timedependent Dichtefunktionaltheorie (TD-DFT)Methoden mit verschiedenen Funktionalen für ein Perylenbisimid (PBI) System validiert. Eine einfache Analyse der Charaktäre der angeregten Zustände wurde vorgeschlagen, die auf den berechneten Übergangsdipolmomenten basiert. Dieser Ansatz ist allerdings auf Zustände beschränkt, die ein signifikantes Übergangsdipolmoment aufweisen. Deshalb wurde eine allgemeinere und fundiertere Methode entwickelt, die auf einer Analyse der berechneten CISWellenfunktion basiert. Darüberhinaus wurde ein literaturbekannter Model-Hamiltonoperator Ansatz von einem lokalisierten Molekülorbitalbild (MO) abgeleitet, das aus der generelleren Analyse-Methode resultiert. Auf diesem Weg ist ein Zugang zu diabatischen angeregten Zuständen und korrespondierenden Kopplungsparametern auf der Basis von ab initio Rechnungen gegeben. Für rumpfangeregte elektronische Zustände wurden drei Methoden für C 1s-angeregte und ionisierte Zustände verschiedener kleiner Moleküle validiert. Darüberhinaus wurde die Basissatzabhängigkeit dieser Zustände untersucht. Anhand der Resultate wurde die frozen core Näherung ausgewählt um rumpfangeregte Zustände von Naphthalintetracarbonsäuredianhydrid (NTCDA) zu berechnen. Um experimentelle Ergebnisse zu erklären, wurde ein Algorithmus entwicklet, der die Exzitonenkopplungsparameter im Fall von nicht-orthogonalen MOs berechnet. / This work focuses on theoretical approaches for predicting the valence and core excited states of aggregate systems. For the valence excitations, TD-HF and TD-DFT with different functionals have been tested at the Perylene bisimide (PBI) system. A simple character analysis method based on the calculated transition dipole moments is proposed. However, this method does not work for excited states without any transition dipole moment. Thus, we proposed a more general and more valid method based on a calculated CIS type wavefunction for the character analysis. Furthermore, a model Hamiltonian method is derived from a localized picture. The energies of the diabatic states and the corresponding coupling parameters were also determined on the basis of ab initio calculations. For the core excitation, three different methods were validated for C 1s-excited and ionized states if several small molecules. Also we tested the basis sets dependence of these core excited states. Based on those results, we chose the frozen core approximation method to evaluate the core excited states of NTCDA molecules. In order to explain the findings in the experiments, we developed an algorithm to evaluate the exciton coupling parameter where non-orthogonal MOs are used.

Neste trabalho apresentamos dois conjuntos de transformações do campo médio de emparelhamento e o cálculo deste no canal n--p isovetorial. Correlações de curto alcance são descritas numa teoria de campo médio nuclear relativístico na aproximação de Dirac-Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov (DHFB). Esta aproximação foi desenvolvida inicialmente para descrever o dito emparelhamento padrão em matéria nuclear simétrica. A generalização da aproximação DHFB inclui o emparelhamento no canal quasideuteron em matéria assimétrica. Construímos transformações do campo de emparelhamento usando como geradores destas as matrizes $gamma$ e $ au$ e suas possíveis combinações. Existem dois conjuntos distintos que transformam de forma diferente o campo de emparelhamento. Como resultado destas transformações, obteve-se que ambos os campos de emparelhamento n--n e p--p podem ser tomados como funções reais de momento $vec{k}$. Já o cálculo do emparelhamento isovetorial n--p, baseia-se na decomposição deste campo em função dos propagadores de Gorkov. Como resultado principal, obteve-se que a inclusão de um novo vínculo $mu_{1}$ ao modelo permite soluções n--n, p--p e n--p para matéria nuclear simétrica. Fora da simetria, encontramos somente soluções n--n e p--p. Porém, nenhuma solução n--p isovetorial foi encontrada.

Thesis. 1975. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dept. of Physics. / Vita. / Includes bibliographical references. / by Steven E. Koonin. / Ph.D.

Submitted by Cleide Dantas (cleidedantas@ufpa.br) on 2014-04-24T16:50:39Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_MetodosTeoricosInvestigacao.pdf: 2521568 bytes, checksum: ca6a4b67559248f6b32d2d71739a95cc (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Rosa Silva (arosa@ufpa.br) on 2014-06-11T15:35:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_MetodosTeoricosInvestigacao.pdf: 2521568 bytes, checksum: ca6a4b67559248f6b32d2d71739a95cc (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T15:35:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23898 bytes, checksum: e363e809996cf46ada20da1accfcd9c7 (MD5) Dissertacao_MetodosTeoricosInvestigacao.pdf: 2521568 bytes, checksum: ca6a4b67559248f6b32d2d71739a95cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Na apresentação do desenvolvimento desta tese foram utilizados métodos ab initio, semiempíricos, e teoria do funcional densidade na investigação das propriedades do estado fundamental e estados excitados do Resveratrol e estruturas moleculares similares, assim como suas propriedades espectroscópicas. O Resveratrol é uma fitoalexina com propriedades antioxidantes, que tem como estruturas derivadas semelhantes, a Piceatannol, Para-vinylphenylphenol e Resveratrol-dihydroxyl_N (N=1,2 e 3). Os resultados obtidos correspondem à análise dos parâmetros moleculares e propriedades eletrônicas; as simulações dos espectros que correspondem as fotoexcitações para cada uma das moléculas foram feitos através de pacotes computacionais. Os métodos aproximativos utilizados nos cálculos comprovam os resultados obtidos experimentalmente, de forma a contribuir como um indicador às prováveis modificações nas propriedades químicas, físicas e biológicas do Resveratrol. / In this work we report na ab initio, density functional and a semiempirical investigation of the ground and vertical excited states and of the spectroscopic properties of resveratrol, a phytoalexin with known antioxidative properties, and of structurally related derivatives as piceatannol, paravinylphenylphenol and resveratrol-dihydroxyl_N (N=1,2 and 3). The results of the simulation of bond length resulting from the photoexcitation and of the corresponding theoretical spectra gives us new insight of how chemical modifications of these molecules could affect the possible physiological properties of resveratrol. Also we report new molecules (piceatannol and resveratrol-dihydroxyl_3) as antioxidative properties by the analysis of molecular parameters and electronic properties.

Submitted by camilla martins (camillasmmartins@gmail.com) on 2017-03-27T13:29:24Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_DesignNano-Antenas.pdf: 5346915 bytes, checksum: 7566ac470c2763da59df63bdd14e54be (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Edisangela Bastos (edisangela@ufpa.br) on 2017-03-27T16:30:19Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_DesignNano-Antenas.pdf: 5346915 bytes, checksum: 7566ac470c2763da59df63bdd14e54be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-27T16:30:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertacao_DesignNano-Antenas.pdf: 5346915 bytes, checksum: 7566ac470c2763da59df63bdd14e54be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-23 / FAPESPA - Fundação Amazônia de Amparo a Estudos e Pesquisas / Estruturas denominadas derivados de dendrímeros (DD) possuem propriedades eletrônicas fascinantes, do ponto de vista tecnológico, completamente diferentes das obtidas apenas pelos seus constituintes básicos e com estados discretos de condutividade que emergem das vizinhanças dos pontos de Fermi. Um fator preponderante na engenharia de DD é sua dimensionalidade. Experimentos usando espectroscopia molecular (Raman) e microscopia de alta resolução (TEM, AFM e STM) confirmaram a natureza n-D de seus elétrons. Eles concluíram que a dimensionalidade de um DD tem uma influência profunda sobre suas propriedades físicas. Essa característica peculiar de ajuste das propriedades eletrônicas de acordo com a geometria, somada às dimensões reduzidas, gerou uma grande corrida tecnológica com o objetivo de se desenvolver dispositivos eletrônicos (diodos, transistores, portas lógicas, displays,...) a partir de DD. Algumas aplicações interessantes referem-se à utilização de DD como: antenas mediante a modificação das propriedades de impedância dos DD na presença de espécies químicas, pinças e ponta de prova de microscópio, base para baterias de lítio, nanoguias de ondas, entre outras. A proposta deste trabalho se baseia em investigar as mudanças de comportamento de funcionamento desta classe de antenas DD puras e dopadas na presença de campo elétrico externo. Para isso, são modificadas as regiões terminais que está associado com os parâmetros que definem o DD. Nesse trabalho, será mostrado a estrutura eletrônica de DD puro e dopado na presença de campo elétrico externo utilizando as aproximações derivadas do método de Hartree-Fock. Nesse método, o DD é obtido da estrutura do precursor otimizada por método de mecânica molecular. A investigação de DD tem como objetivo calcular sua estrutura eletrônica via Hartree-Fock semiempíricos (AM1) e Zindo/S-CI) e ab initio quando convenientes para pequenos oligômeros. Isto é importante para o conhecimento e análise de quais propriedades estruturais estão relacionadas com o mecanismo de transporte eletrônico molecular. A análise empírica de Millikan-Laurtisen (ML) e Fowler-Nordheim (FN) também é apresentada para o melhor detalhamento do transporte eletrônico, com o objetivo de demonstração da assinatura eleltrônica de DD para utilização de nano-antenas de dendrímeros. / Structures named derivatives dendrimers (DD) have fascinating electronics proprieties. From the technological point of view, they are completely different from those ones obtained only by their basics constituents and with discrete states of conductivity, which emerges from the points of Fermi's surroundings. One preponderant factor of the engineering of the DD is its dimensionality. Experiments using molecular spectroscopy (Raman) and high resolution microscopy (TEM, AFM and STM) confirmed the nature n-D of their electrons. They concluded that the dimensionality of one DD has a deep influence on its physics properties. This peculiar characteristic of electronics properties adjusts according to the geometry, along with the reduced dimensions, created a huge technological race, aiming to develop electronic devices (diodes, transistors, logical doors, displays,…) from DD. Some interesting applications refers to the usage of the DD as: antennas, by the DD’s impedance properties modifications in the presence of chemical species, clamps and the microscope probe, basis for lithium batteries, waves of nanoguides, and others. The study’s proposal is based on investigate the behavior’s changes of function of this classes of antennas DD pure and doped, in the presence of an extern electric field. For that, the terminals regions, which are associated with the parameters the defined the DD, will be modified.In this study, will be shown the DD’s electronics structures pure and doped, in the presence of an extern electric field, using the derived approaches from Hartree-Fork’s method. Therefore, using this method, the DD is obtained from the precursor structure, optimized by the molecular mechanical method.The DD’s investigation aims to calculate its electronic structure via Hartree-Fock semi empirical (AM1 and Zinco/S-CI) and ab initio, when convenient for little oligomers. This is important for the knowledge and analysis of which structural properties are related with the molecular electronic transport’s mechanism. The empirical analysis of Millikan-Laurtisen (ML) and Fowler-Nordheim (FN), it's also presented for better detailing of the electronic transport , in order to demonstrate the DD’s electronic signature, for the usage in dendrimers antennas.

Dirhodium complexes such as carboxylates and carboxylamidates are very efficient metal catalysts used in the synthesis of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. Recent experimental work has indicated that there are significant differences in the isomeric ratios obtained among the possible products when synthesizing these complexes. The relative stabilities of the Rh2(NPhCOCH3)4 tolunitrile complexes, Rh2(NPhCOCH3)4(NCC6H4CH3)2, were determined at the HF/LANL2DZ ECP, 6-31G and DFT/B3LYP/LANL2DZ ECP, 6-31G levels of theory using NWChem 6.3. The LANL2DZ ECP (effective core potential) basis set was used for the rhodium atoms and 6-31G basis set was used for all other atoms. Specifically, the o-tolunitrile, m-tolunitrile, and p-tolunitrile complexes of the 2,2-trans and the 4,0- isomers of Rh2(NPhCOCH3)4 were compared.

We investigate the possibility of measuring and using the phase delay of radio frequency transmissions in the amateur satellite band as a method to determine the distribution of currents systems in the ionosphere. The amateur satellite transmissions at 7MHz, 14M Hz, and 144M Hz are low enough for Faraday rotation to cause a significant phase delay on the propagating signals in addition to the phase delay produced by the total electron content (TEC) in the ionosphere. The ionosphere in the E and F regions is modeled as an equivalent thin planar shell of collision free cold plasma 100 km in thickness located in an altitude range of 100 � 200 km. The earth's magnetic field is superposed with a weaker magnetic field due to a narrow Gaussian strip of current representing an ionospheric electrojet. The prole of the current system is obtained by numerically optimizing the Appleton-Hartree dispersion relation for rays of simulated radio frequency (RF) signals that propagate through the ionosphere shell. The optimization procedure is performed with a differential evolution algorithm. From the optimization procedure, we obtain the ionosphere total electron content (TEC) and the strength, prole, and orientation of the ionospheric current system.

Nous présentons des résultats mathématiques obtenus pour un nouveau modèle de champ moyen dédié à la description d'électrons quantiques interagissant dans des cristaux comportant des défauts locaux. Ce modèle est dérivé du modèle dit de supercellule par un procédé de limite thermodynamique. ous travaillons avec un modèle de Hartree-Fock réduit, obtenu à partir du modèle de Kohn-Sham étendu en négligeant le terme d'échange-corrélation. Les modèles utilisés et les résultats obtenus sont présentés au chapitre 2 puis démontrés au chapitre 4. Les chapitres 3 et 5 sont consacrés à la simulation numérique de notre modèle. Notre approche consiste à mettre en œuvre une approximation variationnelle dans une base précalculée de fonctions de Wannier du cristal parfait de référence. Nous présentons quelques résultats numériques obtenus sur un modèle uni dimensionnel avec un potentiel d'interaction de Yukawa.

Ce mémoire traite d'aspects de la dynamique nucléaire autour de la barrière. Il est montré que pour une réaction de fusion, le champ Coulombien couple le mouvement relatif des noyaux à la rotation d'un projectile déformé, et ce indépendamment de l'énergie et de la charge des noyaux. Une étude expérimentale de la réaction 6He+190Os via la spectroscopie gamma des noyaux produits a montré quant à elle que la cassure de l'6He se couplait aussi au mouvement relatif, réduisant considérablement la fusion au dessus et au voisinage de la barrière de fusion. Le chemin vers la fusion après le passage de la barrière et notamment l'équilibration des charges ont été étudiés dans le cadre de la théorie TDHF via la GDR de prééquilibre excitée dans les réactions de fusion asymétrique en N/Z. Une application à la formation de super-lourds est proposée. Enfin, des couplages entre protons et neutrons ont été mis en évidence en champ moyen avec pour principal effet une émission de protons sous-Coulombiens.