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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
21

Embriogênese inicial em ratas Wistar tratadas com extrato de Ginkgo biloba

Fernandes, Eduardo Siqueira 13 August 2009 (has links)
Submitted by isabela.moljf@hotmail.com (isabela.moljf@hotmail.com) on 2017-07-04T10:50:02Z No. of bitstreams: 1 eduardosiqueiraferandes.pdf: 2252400 bytes, checksum: 56e960a38ee98a43aa5d60c466f2b6e8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-08-08T14:07:24Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 eduardosiqueiraferandes.pdf: 2252400 bytes, checksum: 56e960a38ee98a43aa5d60c466f2b6e8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T14:07:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 eduardosiqueiraferandes.pdf: 2252400 bytes, checksum: 56e960a38ee98a43aa5d60c466f2b6e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-13 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O extrato de Ginkgo biloba (EGb) é usado no tratamento e prevenção de doenças neurodegenerativas, como antiinflamatório, no tratamento da vertigem, na perda de memória relacionada a idade. Efeitos do extrato de ginkgo na reprodução demonstraram que ele inibia a fertilização por reduzir a viabilidade de espermatozóides e degenerar o oócito. Administrado a camundongos alterou o peso de órgãos como a próstata e alterou o perfil reprodutivo desses animais – levando a uma menor taxa de prenhez e aumento das mortes embrionárias. Em ratas, o EGb demonstrou causar crescimento intra-uterino restrito, aventando-se a possibilidade do efeito ter sido causado por sua atividade estrogênica. Outros trabalhos também demonstraram efeito estrogênico do Ginkgo biloba. Sabe-se que os níveis adequados de estrogênio, progesterona e de prostaglandinas são cruciais para o transporte do concepto pela tuba uterina e sua implantação uterina, portanto existe a possibilidade da administração do EGb no início da prenhez causar alterações no desenvolvimento embrionário, sendo esse o propósito do presente trabalho. Para o estudo foram usadas 68 ratas Wistar, adultas, nulíparas, prenhes, provenientes do Biotério do Centro de Biologia da Reprodução, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. As ratas foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos experimentais (n=17): Controle e tratados Gb 3.5, Gb 7 e Gb 14, que receberam, respectivamente, 3,5, 7 e 14mg/Kg/dia do extrato de Ginkgo biloba em 1mL de suspensão aquosa, via intragástrica, uma vez ao dia, durante os oito primeiros dias de prenhez. As ratas do grupo controle receberam pelo mesmo esquema 1mL de água destilada. As ratas foram eutanasiadas, no 15o dia de prenhez, por exsanguinação total sob anestesia. Foram avaliados: sinais clínicos indicativos de toxicidade materna – entre outros, alteração do consumo de ração e de água, alteração do peso corporal, hiper ou hipoatividade, piloereção, estereotipia, perfil bioquímico e hematológico e morte –; número de corpos lúteos; peso de órgãos maternos (ovários, fígado e rins); perfil hematológico e bioquímico maternos; peso de fetos e de placentas; número de fetos viáveis, reabsorvidos e mortos; malformações fetais em membros superiores e inferiores, fechamento de tubo neural e morfologia de face. Com exceção do perfil bioquímico materno em que houve aumento do nível de colesterol e decréscimo dos níveis de ALT, uréia e creatinina, significativamente relevantes, nos animais tratados com 7 e 14mg/Kg/dia de EGb, nenhuma outra alteração significativa foi encontrada nos parâmetros maternos ou fetais avaliados. De forma geral, o tratamento com EGb em ratas Wistar, durante o período de trânsito tubário e implantação, não causou efeito tóxico no organismo materno, tampouco induziu mortes, crescimento intrauterino retardado ou malfomações fetais. Há ainda indícios de que o EGb poderia agir de forma hepatoprotetora e nefroprotetora quando administrado a ratas Wistar durante o período de prenhez quando usado nas doses 7 e 14 mg/Kg/dia. / The Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) is mainly used in the treatment for and in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. It is also used in the treatment for dizziness, age-related memory loss and as an anti-inflammatory. Effects of EGb on reproduction include fertilization inhibition through the reduction of spermatozoa viability and oocyte degeneration. When administered to male mice, EGb led to alterations in the weight of organs such as the prostate, and in the reproductive behavior of these animals (leading to lower pregnancy rates and embryo death increase). In female rats, EGb was proved to cause intra-uterine growth retardation, this effect being thought to be related to its estrogenic activity. Other studies have also shown EGb estrogenic effects. Adequate levels of estrogen, progesterone and prostaglandins are known to be very important to tubal transit and uterine implantation. Hence, there is the possibility of EGb causing embryonic development alterations when administered in the beginning of pregnancy. Investigating this possibility is the aim of this thesis. In order to achieve that, the following experimental protocol was carried out with 68 nulliparous pregnant Wistar rats. The rats were randomly distributed into four experimental groups (n=17): Control, Gb 3.5, Gb 7 and Gb 14, which were treated, respectively, with zero, 3.5, 7.0 and 14.0mg/Kg/Day of EGb diluted in 1mL of distilled water through gavage, once a day, during the first eight days of pregnancy. Rats were euthanized in the 15th day of pregnancy, through total exsanguination under anesthesia. The following parameters were assessed: clinical signs of maternal toxicity – such as feed and water intake alterations, body weight alterations, hyper or hypoactivity, piloerection, stereotypy, biochemical and hematological profile and death –; number of corpora lutea; maternal organs (ovaries, liver and kidneys) weight; maternal hematological and biochemical profiles; fetuses and placentas weight; number of viable, resorpted and dead fetuses; fetal malformations in both superior and inferior members, neural tube closure and facial morphology. Amongst the parameters evaluated, alterations were found only in the maternal hematological profile. There was significant raise in the cholesterol level and reduction in the levels of ALT, urea and creatinine for the animals treated with 7 and 14mg/Kg/day of EGb. No significant alteration was found for other maternal and fetal parameters evaluated. Hence, it seems that treatment with EGb during both tubal transit and implantation periods did not cause toxic effects to the maternal organism of Wistar rats. Neither did it induce deaths, intra-uterine growth retardation or fetal malformation. There is also evidence that EGb could present hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects when administered to Wistar rats during pregnancy in the dosages of 7 and 14 mg/Kg/day.
22

Mathematical modeling of population dynamics of HIV with antiretroviral treatment and herbal medicine

Mukhtar, Abdulaziz. Y.A. January 2014 (has links)
>Magister Scientiae - MSc / Herbal medicines have been an important part of health and wellness for hundreds of years. Recently the World Health Organization estimated that 80% of people worldwide rely on herbal medicines. Herbs contain many substances that are good for protecting the body and are therefore used in the treatment of various illnesses. Along with traditional medicines, herbs are often used in the treatment of chronic diseases such as rheumatism, migraine, chronic fatigue, asthma, eczema, and irritable bowel syndrome, among others. Herbal medicines are also applied in certain traditional communities as treatment against infectious diseases such as flu, malaria, measles, and even human immunodeficiency virus HIV-infection. Approximately 34 million people are currently infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and 2.5 million newly infected. Therefore, HIV has become one of the major public health problems worldwide. It is important to understand the impact of herbal medicines used on HIV/AIDS. Mathematical models enable us to make predictions about the qualitative behaviour of disease outbreaks and evaluation of the impact of prevention or intervention strategies. In this dissertation we explore mathematical models for studying the effect of usage of herbal medicines on HIV. In particular we analyze a mathematical model for population dynamics of HIV/AIDS. The latter will include the impact of herbal medicines and traditional healing methods. The HIV model exhibits two steady states; a trivial steady state (HIV-infection free population) and a non-trivial steady state (persistence of HIV infection). We investigate the local asymptotic stability of the deterministic epidemic model and similar properties in terms of the basic reproduction number. Furthermore, we investigate for optimal control strategies. We study a stochastic version of the deterministic model by introducing white noise and show that this model has a unique global positive solution. We also study computationally the stochastic stability of the white noise perturbation model. Finally, qualitative results are illustrated by means of numerical simulations. Some articles from the literature that feature prominently in this dissertation are [14] of Cai et al, [10] of Bhunu et al., [86] of Van den Driessche and Watmough, [64] of Naresh et al., Through the study in this dissertation, we have prepared a research paper [1], jointly with the supervisors to be submitted for publication in an accredited journal. The author of this dissertation also contributed to the research paper [2], which close to completion. 1. Abdulaziz Y.A. Mukhtar, Peter J. Witbooi and Gail D. Hughes. A mathematical model for population dynamics of HIV with ARV and herbal medicine. 2. P.J. Witbooi, T. Seatlhodi, A.Y.A. Mukhtar, E. Mwambene. Mathematical modeling of HIV/AIDS with recruitment of infecteds.
23

Investigating the use and identity of traditional herbal remedies amongst South Asian communities using surveys and biomolecular techniques

Bhamra, Sukvinder January 2016 (has links)
Herbal medicines (HMs) have been used to supplement, maintain, and treat health conditions, and have inspired the development of many Western pharmaceuticals. Migrant South Asian (SA) communities in the UK have brought with them their own traditional forms of medicine, yet little is known about their current use of HMs in the UK. Consuming HMs alongside conventional Western medicines could affect pharmacological treatment and lead to herb-drug interactions; hence, healthcare professionals (HCPs) should be aware of their patients’ use of HMs. The import of HMs to the UK raises concerns over the quality, safety and regulation of HMs. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) barcoding can be used to discriminate between different species, and identify contaminants and adulterants, thus can be used for the authentication of HMs. The South Asian Traditional Medicines (SATMED) questionnaire explored the knowledge and use of HMs by diasporic SA communities in the UK. It uncovered a vast range of HMs which were used by participants, where ingredients were sourced from, the concurrent use of herbal and Western medicines, and how minor ailments were treated. An online survey designed to investigate UK based practitioners’ views of HMs revealed that HCPs claimed to lack sufficient knowledge of HMs. HCPs said they needed more training on HMs to help them make better informed decisions. Tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) was identified as a culturally and commercially valuable plant, which was used for molecular analysis. A variety of tulsi samples were collected for authentication: community samples from SA families in the UK, commercial samples, and referenced specimens. Both ITS and trnH-psbA regions were successfully used to distinguish between several Ocimum species, and identify a potential species substitution. This research represents the first time that DNA based methods have been used to authenticate medicinal plants species used by migrant SA communities living in the UK. The results of this multi-disciplinary study provide a unique contribution to the evolving discipline of ethnopharmacology.
24

A implementação da política de plantas medicinais e de fitoterápicos em municípios com programas estruturados / The implementation of the policy of medicinal plants and herbal medicines in Brazilian municipalities with structured programs

Silva, Jael Bernardes da 16 October 2017 (has links)
O trabalho em saúde é uma prática social que sofre alterações do contexto e se conforma nos encontros entre usuário e trabalhador, e nesses encontros necessidades de saúde emergem, o que demanda a inserção de novos saberes e tecnologias. A fitoterapia é uma tecnologia que tem sido inserida nos serviços de saúde e constitui uma ferramenta para o trabalho, mesmo não fazendo parte das tecnologias do modelo biomédico. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar os fatores envolvidos na implementação da política de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos na rede de saúde que a fazem entrar ou não na rotina de trabalho dos profissionais da saúde. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que se deu em duas fases, análise documental e estudo de caso. Os materiais analisados na primeira fase foram: os planos de saúde e relatórios anuais de gestão, leis, portarias, e um trabalho de conclusão de curso, referentes aos municípios de Fortaleza, Rio de Janeiro e Vitória. O estudo de caso foi realizado em Vitória, de janeiro a fevereiro de 2016, foram realizadas entrevistas em duas USFs com trabalhadores de ESF e usuários, além dos dois responsáveis técnicos do programa de fitoterapia do município, totalizando 41 participantes. O material obtido no estudo de caso foi submetido à análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática e discutido à luz do referencial conceitual, do trabalho em saúde como produção social. Os fatores que favorecem a implementação da fitoterapia segundo os dados encontrados foram: 1) Contexto favorável; 2) Ter governabilidade; 3) A perspectiva ampliada de saúde e do serviço; a percepção sobre o papel no trabalho e a percepção dos hábitos de cuidado da comunidade; 4) Ter conhecimento científico acerca do tema; ter conhecimento sobre o programa e a cultura/conhecimento familiar de utilização de plantas medicinais; 5) Identificar benefícios da fitoterapia e 6) Estrutura e insumos que viabilizem o programa. Os contextos internacional, nacional e municipal favoreceram a atuação de líderes/empreendedores na inserção da fitoterapia na saúde, e o encontro com gestores sensibilizados viabilizaram os programas. No campo da assistência, a fitoterapia consegue espaço no trabalho dos profissionais que têm percepção ampliada de saúde e que compreendem seu papel, e o da unidade no processo saúde-doença. A responsabilização pelo usuário e comunidade mobiliza o trabalhador a buscar ferramentas que respondam às suas necessidades de saúde, e é nesse contexto que a fitoterapia é acolhida como ferramenta de trabalho. O conhecimento sobre as ferramentas de saúde oferecidas pelo município, como a fitoterapia, e o conhecimento sobre a prática favorecem sua inclusão na rotina de trabalho. O interesse pela prática é influenciado por experiências de uso e emprego bem-sucedidos da prática. A fitoterapia não é uma ferramenta de trabalho típica do modelo biomédico, mesmo assim tem conseguido alcançar esse espaço de forma institucionalizada, tanto servindo à lógica daquele modelo ou sendo usada como um instrumento para o cuidado integral. A busca por ferramentas holísticas de cuidado em última instância são para contribuir na superação da lógica biomédica / The health work is a social practice subject to changes depending on the context, and is formed in the encounter between user and workers. In such encounters, health needs emerge, which requires the insertion of new technologies. The use of herbal medicines (phytotherapy) is a technology that has been inserted in health services and constitutes a tool for health work, even though it is not part of the set of health technologies of the biomedical model. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors involving the implementation of the policy related to the use of medicinal plants and herbal medicines in the health system, the factors that integrate or not its use in health professionals\' work project. It is a qualitative study that took place in two phases: documentary analysis and case study. The analyzed materials were health plans and annual management reports, laws, resolutions referring to the Brazilian municipalities of Fortaleza, Rio de Janeiro and Vitória. The case study was carried out in the city of Vitória, from January to February 2016, and data were obtained through interviews conducted in two Family Health with workers from the Family Health Team and users attended at the unit. There were also two technicians responsible for the phytotherapy program in the municipality, totaling 41 participants. The material obtained in the case study was submitted to content analysis in the thematic modality and was discussed based on the conceptual framework of health work as social production. The factors favoring the implementation of herbal medicines in the health care were: 1) Favorable Context; 2) Having Governability; 3) The broader perspective of health and service; the perception about the role in work and the perception of the community care habits; 4) Having scientific knowledge about the subject; knowledge about the program and also the culture/family knowledge of the use of medicinal plants; 5) Identification of the benefits of herbal medicines and 6) Presence of structure and inputs that make the program possible.The international, national and municipal contexts favored the performance of leaders/entrepreneurs in the insertion of herbal medicines in the health care network, and the encounter with sensitized managers made possible the establishment of the programs. In the field of assistance, herbal medicines have conquered space in the work projects of professionals who have expanded perception of health and who understand the health service role and their own role. Knowledge about the health tools offered by the municipality, such as herbal medicine, along with the knowledge about its practice favors its inclusion in the work routine. Interest on the practice is influenced by experiences of use and successful practices. Phytotherapy is not a working tool from the biomedical model in health care, yet it has managed to achieve this space in an institutionalized way, either serving the logic of that model or being used as an instrument for the offer of comprehensive care
25

Desenvolvimento, padronização e avaliação biológica de extratos nebulizados de Dalbergia ecastaphyllum / Development, standardization and biological evaluation of spray drying extracts of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum

Maira Neto Zampiér 03 April 2012 (has links)
Este trabalho teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento, padronização e avaliação da atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana de extratos secos nebulizados de Dalbergia ecastaphyllum. Para que os objetivos propostas fossem alcançadosforam desenvolvidas metodologias analíticas capazes de avaliar a qualidade da matériaprima vegetal durante os processos de transformação (extração de compostos ativos, secagem, produto final, etc). A solução extrativa foi obtida a partir das folhas de D. ecastaphyllum empregando-se a extração por maceração dinâmica onde se avaliou fatores como: proporção planta:solvente, tempo e temperatura de extração através de um planejamento composto central (PCC). A solução extrativa otimizada foi avaliada quanto a presença de metabólitos secundários, atividade antioxidante/ antimicrobiana e foi submetida à secagem por nebulização onde foram investigados parâmetros de secagem e adjuvantes tecnológicos sobre o desempenho do equipamento e nas características morfológicas, físico-químicas e farmacológicas do produto. Os extratos secos foram submetidos a um estudo de estabilidade; sendo também utilizados para o desenvolvimento de formulações semi-sólidas cuja estabilidade foi avaliada em estudo acelerado. Pretende-se que os resultados advindos desse trabalho possam servir de base para a padronização de extratos de outras plantas medicinais com interesse terapêutico, bem como contribuir para o aprimoramento dos conhecimentos envolvidos no desenvolvimento tecnológico de produtos fitoterápicos. / This work aimed the development, standardization and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of spray dried extracts from Dalbergia ecastaphyllum. Analytical methodologies for evaluating the quality of the vegetable raw material during processing procedures (such as extraction of active compounds, drying, final product, etc.) were developed in order to achieve the proposed objectives. The extraction solution was obtained from the leaves of D. ecastaphyllum by dynamic maceration. In this stage, some factors were evaluated such as: the plant: solvent ratio, extraction time and temperature using a central composite design (CCD). The optimized extraction solution was evaluated for the presence of secondary metabolites and antioxidant / antimicrobial activity. It was also subjected to spray drying. In this process, the effects of the drying parameters and processing aids on the equipment performance and the morphological, physicochemical and pharmacological properties of the product were investigated. The dry extracts were subjected to a stability study; and were used for the development of semi-solid formulations, also evaluated in an accelerated stability study. It is intended that the results from this work can provide a basis for further standardization of extracts of other medicinal plants with therapeutic interest, as well as to contribute to the enhancement of the knowledge involved in the technological development of herbal products.
26

Desenvolvimento, padronização e avaliação biológica de extratos nebulizados de Dalbergia ecastaphyllum / Development, standardization and biological evaluation of spray drying extracts of Dalbergia ecastaphyllum

Zampiér, Maira Neto 03 April 2012 (has links)
Este trabalho teve por objetivo o desenvolvimento, padronização e avaliação da atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana de extratos secos nebulizados de Dalbergia ecastaphyllum. Para que os objetivos propostas fossem alcançadosforam desenvolvidas metodologias analíticas capazes de avaliar a qualidade da matériaprima vegetal durante os processos de transformação (extração de compostos ativos, secagem, produto final, etc). A solução extrativa foi obtida a partir das folhas de D. ecastaphyllum empregando-se a extração por maceração dinâmica onde se avaliou fatores como: proporção planta:solvente, tempo e temperatura de extração através de um planejamento composto central (PCC). A solução extrativa otimizada foi avaliada quanto a presença de metabólitos secundários, atividade antioxidante/ antimicrobiana e foi submetida à secagem por nebulização onde foram investigados parâmetros de secagem e adjuvantes tecnológicos sobre o desempenho do equipamento e nas características morfológicas, físico-químicas e farmacológicas do produto. Os extratos secos foram submetidos a um estudo de estabilidade; sendo também utilizados para o desenvolvimento de formulações semi-sólidas cuja estabilidade foi avaliada em estudo acelerado. Pretende-se que os resultados advindos desse trabalho possam servir de base para a padronização de extratos de outras plantas medicinais com interesse terapêutico, bem como contribuir para o aprimoramento dos conhecimentos envolvidos no desenvolvimento tecnológico de produtos fitoterápicos. / This work aimed the development, standardization and evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of spray dried extracts from Dalbergia ecastaphyllum. Analytical methodologies for evaluating the quality of the vegetable raw material during processing procedures (such as extraction of active compounds, drying, final product, etc.) were developed in order to achieve the proposed objectives. The extraction solution was obtained from the leaves of D. ecastaphyllum by dynamic maceration. In this stage, some factors were evaluated such as: the plant: solvent ratio, extraction time and temperature using a central composite design (CCD). The optimized extraction solution was evaluated for the presence of secondary metabolites and antioxidant / antimicrobial activity. It was also subjected to spray drying. In this process, the effects of the drying parameters and processing aids on the equipment performance and the morphological, physicochemical and pharmacological properties of the product were investigated. The dry extracts were subjected to a stability study; and were used for the development of semi-solid formulations, also evaluated in an accelerated stability study. It is intended that the results from this work can provide a basis for further standardization of extracts of other medicinal plants with therapeutic interest, as well as to contribute to the enhancement of the knowledge involved in the technological development of herbal products.
27

A implementação da política de plantas medicinais e de fitoterápicos em municípios com programas estruturados / The implementation of the policy of medicinal plants and herbal medicines in Brazilian municipalities with structured programs

Jael Bernardes da Silva 16 October 2017 (has links)
O trabalho em saúde é uma prática social que sofre alterações do contexto e se conforma nos encontros entre usuário e trabalhador, e nesses encontros necessidades de saúde emergem, o que demanda a inserção de novos saberes e tecnologias. A fitoterapia é uma tecnologia que tem sido inserida nos serviços de saúde e constitui uma ferramenta para o trabalho, mesmo não fazendo parte das tecnologias do modelo biomédico. O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar os fatores envolvidos na implementação da política de plantas medicinais e fitoterápicos na rede de saúde que a fazem entrar ou não na rotina de trabalho dos profissionais da saúde. Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo que se deu em duas fases, análise documental e estudo de caso. Os materiais analisados na primeira fase foram: os planos de saúde e relatórios anuais de gestão, leis, portarias, e um trabalho de conclusão de curso, referentes aos municípios de Fortaleza, Rio de Janeiro e Vitória. O estudo de caso foi realizado em Vitória, de janeiro a fevereiro de 2016, foram realizadas entrevistas em duas USFs com trabalhadores de ESF e usuários, além dos dois responsáveis técnicos do programa de fitoterapia do município, totalizando 41 participantes. O material obtido no estudo de caso foi submetido à análise de conteúdo na modalidade temática e discutido à luz do referencial conceitual, do trabalho em saúde como produção social. Os fatores que favorecem a implementação da fitoterapia segundo os dados encontrados foram: 1) Contexto favorável; 2) Ter governabilidade; 3) A perspectiva ampliada de saúde e do serviço; a percepção sobre o papel no trabalho e a percepção dos hábitos de cuidado da comunidade; 4) Ter conhecimento científico acerca do tema; ter conhecimento sobre o programa e a cultura/conhecimento familiar de utilização de plantas medicinais; 5) Identificar benefícios da fitoterapia e 6) Estrutura e insumos que viabilizem o programa. Os contextos internacional, nacional e municipal favoreceram a atuação de líderes/empreendedores na inserção da fitoterapia na saúde, e o encontro com gestores sensibilizados viabilizaram os programas. No campo da assistência, a fitoterapia consegue espaço no trabalho dos profissionais que têm percepção ampliada de saúde e que compreendem seu papel, e o da unidade no processo saúde-doença. A responsabilização pelo usuário e comunidade mobiliza o trabalhador a buscar ferramentas que respondam às suas necessidades de saúde, e é nesse contexto que a fitoterapia é acolhida como ferramenta de trabalho. O conhecimento sobre as ferramentas de saúde oferecidas pelo município, como a fitoterapia, e o conhecimento sobre a prática favorecem sua inclusão na rotina de trabalho. O interesse pela prática é influenciado por experiências de uso e emprego bem-sucedidos da prática. A fitoterapia não é uma ferramenta de trabalho típica do modelo biomédico, mesmo assim tem conseguido alcançar esse espaço de forma institucionalizada, tanto servindo à lógica daquele modelo ou sendo usada como um instrumento para o cuidado integral. A busca por ferramentas holísticas de cuidado em última instância são para contribuir na superação da lógica biomédica / The health work is a social practice subject to changes depending on the context, and is formed in the encounter between user and workers. In such encounters, health needs emerge, which requires the insertion of new technologies. The use of herbal medicines (phytotherapy) is a technology that has been inserted in health services and constitutes a tool for health work, even though it is not part of the set of health technologies of the biomedical model. The aim of this study was to analyze the factors involving the implementation of the policy related to the use of medicinal plants and herbal medicines in the health system, the factors that integrate or not its use in health professionals\' work project. It is a qualitative study that took place in two phases: documentary analysis and case study. The analyzed materials were health plans and annual management reports, laws, resolutions referring to the Brazilian municipalities of Fortaleza, Rio de Janeiro and Vitória. The case study was carried out in the city of Vitória, from January to February 2016, and data were obtained through interviews conducted in two Family Health with workers from the Family Health Team and users attended at the unit. There were also two technicians responsible for the phytotherapy program in the municipality, totaling 41 participants. The material obtained in the case study was submitted to content analysis in the thematic modality and was discussed based on the conceptual framework of health work as social production. The factors favoring the implementation of herbal medicines in the health care were: 1) Favorable Context; 2) Having Governability; 3) The broader perspective of health and service; the perception about the role in work and the perception of the community care habits; 4) Having scientific knowledge about the subject; knowledge about the program and also the culture/family knowledge of the use of medicinal plants; 5) Identification of the benefits of herbal medicines and 6) Presence of structure and inputs that make the program possible.The international, national and municipal contexts favored the performance of leaders/entrepreneurs in the insertion of herbal medicines in the health care network, and the encounter with sensitized managers made possible the establishment of the programs. In the field of assistance, herbal medicines have conquered space in the work projects of professionals who have expanded perception of health and who understand the health service role and their own role. Knowledge about the health tools offered by the municipality, such as herbal medicine, along with the knowledge about its practice favors its inclusion in the work routine. Interest on the practice is influenced by experiences of use and successful practices. Phytotherapy is not a working tool from the biomedical model in health care, yet it has managed to achieve this space in an institutionalized way, either serving the logic of that model or being used as an instrument for the offer of comprehensive care
28

Avaliação dos aspectos toxicológicos dos fitoterápicos: um estudo comparativo / Evaluation of toxicological aspects of the herbal medicines:a comparative study

Turolla, Monica Silva dos Reis 13 April 2004 (has links)
Esta Dissertação apresenta informações gerais sobre os medicamentos fitoterápicos e os aspectos toxicológicos de uma amostra de dez plantas medicinais comercializadas como medicamentos fitoterápicos no Brasil, pesquisados junto aos principais bancos de dados e fontes públicas de informação. A análise dos medicamentos fitoterápicos cobre as dimensões histórica, econômica e farmacêutica. No tocante aos aspectos toxicológicos, foram avaliados os dados de toxicidade pré-clínica de dez plantas selecionadas, e realizado um levantamento das informações publicadas para Hypericum perforatum e Piper methysticum, relacionadas ao termo toxicidade, segundo três importantes bancos de dados. Adicionalmente, este trabalho aborda as propostas para realização de ensaios de toxicidade pré-clínica para os fitoterápicos segundo a OMS e legislação brasileira, e as normas para avaliação de substâncias químicas segundo a OECD. / This thesis presents general information on herbal medicines and on the toxicological aspects of a sample of ten medicinal plants traded as herbal medicines in Brazil. The survey was carried out in the main databases and public sources of information. The analysis on the herbal medicines encompasses the historical, economic and pharmaceutical dimensions. In what concerns toxicological aspects, data on pre-clinical toxicity were evaluated for Hypericum perforatum and Piper methysticum, these keywords being related to toxicity in three important databases. In addition, this study discusses the proposals for pre-clinical toxicity trials on herbal medicines according to WHO and the Brazilian legislation, and the standards for evaluation of chemical substances according to OECD.
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Stratégie analytique des tradimédicaments : établissement de profils chromatographiques des métabolites phytochimiques apolaires / Analytical strategy of traditional herbal medicines : establishing chromatographic profiles of non-polar phytochemical metabolites

Bony, Nicaise françois 26 September 2013 (has links)
Les médicaments traditionnels à base de plantes (tradimédicaments) sont très utilisés par les populations africaines. Mais leur qualité est difficile à maîtriser, car ce sont des mélanges complexes de plusieurs drogues végétales ou des préparations à base de drogues végétales d’origine souvent inconnue et/ou très variable. Le profil chromatographique des métabolites phytochimiques constitue un outil important pour l’évaluation de la qualité de ces produits.L'objectif de ce travail est de proposer un protocole de préparation des échantillons et d’établissement de profil par chromatographie liquide et chromatographie en phase gazeuse des métabolites apolaires, pour l’évaluation de la qualité des médicaments traditionnels à base de plantes.La méthodologie est basée sur le traitement chimiométrique des profils chromatographiques des métabolites apolaires issus de différents lots de feuilles de Combretum micranthum et Mitracarpus scaber.Le profilage métabolique s’est effectué par chromatographie liquide sur Carbone Graphite Poreux en milieu non-aqueux et par chromatographie en phase gazeuse à haute température, couplées à la spectrométrie de masse, après extraction au dichlorométhane et élimination de la chlorophylle adsorbée sur charbon actif.L'analyse chimiométrique des données utilisant l’analyse PLS-discriminante avec ou sans correction orthogonale du signal, appliquée aux profils chromatographiques des feuilles de Combretum micranthum et Mitracarpus scaber, a montré de faibles différences entre les lots de chaque drogue végétale, et une différenciation claire des deux drogues végétales.Les deux méthodes d'analyse par chromatographie liquide et chromatographie en phase gazeuse permettent de détecter la plupart des métabolites secondaires apolaires bioactifs ou non déjà identifiés dans les feuilles des deux espèces. / The traditional herbal medicines are widely used by African people. But their quality control is difficult, because they are complex mixtures of several herbal drugs or herbal drugs preparations. Their origin is often unknown and/or highly variable. The chromatographic profile of phytochemical metabolites is an important tool for quality assessment of these products.The objective of this work is to propose a protocol for sample preparation and liquid chromatographic and gas chromatographic profiling of non-polar metabolites for quality assessment of africain traditional herbal medicinal products.The methodology is based on the chemometric treatment of chromatographic profiles of non-polar metabolites from different batches of leaves of Combretum micranthum and Mitracarpus scaber.Metabolic profiling is carried out by non-aqueous liquid chromatography on Porous Graphitic Carbon and by high temperature gas chromatography, coupled with mass spectrometry, after extraction with dichloromethane and removal of chlorophyll adsorbed on activated charcoal.The chemometric data analysis using PLS-discriminant analysis with or without orthogonal signal correction applied to the chromatographic profiles of leaves of Combretum micranthum and Mitracarpus scaber showed small differences between batches of each herbal drug, and a clear differentiation two herbal drugs.Both analyses by liquid chromatography and gas chromatography methods detect most non-polar metabolites bioactive or/not already identified in the leaves of both species.
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Avaliação dos aspectos toxicológicos dos fitoterápicos: um estudo comparativo / Evaluation of toxicological aspects of the herbal medicines:a comparative study

Monica Silva dos Reis Turolla 13 April 2004 (has links)
Esta Dissertação apresenta informações gerais sobre os medicamentos fitoterápicos e os aspectos toxicológicos de uma amostra de dez plantas medicinais comercializadas como medicamentos fitoterápicos no Brasil, pesquisados junto aos principais bancos de dados e fontes públicas de informação. A análise dos medicamentos fitoterápicos cobre as dimensões histórica, econômica e farmacêutica. No tocante aos aspectos toxicológicos, foram avaliados os dados de toxicidade pré-clínica de dez plantas selecionadas, e realizado um levantamento das informações publicadas para Hypericum perforatum e Piper methysticum, relacionadas ao termo toxicidade, segundo três importantes bancos de dados. Adicionalmente, este trabalho aborda as propostas para realização de ensaios de toxicidade pré-clínica para os fitoterápicos segundo a OMS e legislação brasileira, e as normas para avaliação de substâncias químicas segundo a OECD. / This thesis presents general information on herbal medicines and on the toxicological aspects of a sample of ten medicinal plants traded as herbal medicines in Brazil. The survey was carried out in the main databases and public sources of information. The analysis on the herbal medicines encompasses the historical, economic and pharmaceutical dimensions. In what concerns toxicological aspects, data on pre-clinical toxicity were evaluated for Hypericum perforatum and Piper methysticum, these keywords being related to toxicity in three important databases. In addition, this study discusses the proposals for pre-clinical toxicity trials on herbal medicines according to WHO and the Brazilian legislation, and the standards for evaluation of chemical substances according to OECD.

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