The aim of the thesis Applications of The Theory of Second-Order Elections to Elections in the Czech Republic is to answer the research question, whether is the theory fulfilled in the Czech Republic, through various hypotheses. The introduction introduces the intention of my research. The theoretical part deals with the original Theory of Second-order elections, which was introduced already in 1980 by authors Karlheinz Reif and Hermann Schmitt. During the next electoral cycles, the Theory of Second-order elections was more refined and reflected by other theoreticians, whose contribution is a source of inspiration for my theoretical part. Another major chapter presents the methodology and research design. This chapter defines hypotheses. The Thesis is trying to prove, or disprove the following hypotheses. Electoral participation in the case of Second-order elections is lower than in the case of the First-order elections. The Second-order elections tend to punish ruling parties. Political parties that currently govern, gets in case of Second-order elections less votes. Governmental parties lose the most electoral support in the middle of their term and it turns out the influence of the electoral cycle. Small political subjects have a greater chance of success during the Second-order elections than...

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Au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale, un élan de créativité sans précédent métamorphose la conception de l’identité moderne. Les moyens d’expression que sont la philosophie, la psychologie et la littérature participent au développement de questions sur le sens de l’Être et de l’existence. À l’exemple de la position mise de l’avant par l’écrivain Hermann Hesse (1877-1962), ce mémoire tente de définir la question du sens de la vie en tant que problématique existentielle en Allemagne au début du XXe siècle. C’est en suivant le dispositif conceptuel de la conduite de vie et de la voie de délivrance, héritage de Max Weber aux sciences sociales, qu’il étudie le phénomène social de la quête de sens, significatif pour les conceptions modernes de l’identité humaine. Le mémoire aborde dans un premier temps la situation spirituelle occidentale par la notion de désenchantement du monde (Max Weber), le rôle des cadres socialisateurs des sources du moi (Charles Taylor) et l’importance de l’idéal de la transcendance pour l’homme (Marcel Gauchet). À partir d’un corpus de romans (Siddhartha, Le Loup des Steppes, Narcisse et Goldmund, Le Jeu des Perles de Verre), il suit la recherche de sens des personnages de Hesse. À la frontière entre biographie sociologique et sociologie littéraire, ce mémoire prend comme appui les conduites de vie de personnages romancés afin de montrer le phénomène de la quête de sens, moyennant une traversée intérieure pour découvrir leur version propre de la transcendance. Au fil des chapitres, il présente les conceptions de la vérité, de la transcendance, de la délivrance, du sens de la vie dans des allers-retours entre la vie de l’écrivain, son œuvre et la situation spirituelle de son époque. En conclusion, il revient sur l’intérêt de lire Hermann Hesse aujourd’hui et questionne la pertinence de ses personnages comme sources d’inspiration de nos conduites de vie moderne. / In the aftermath of World War One, an unprecedented surge of creativity transformed the conception of modern identity. The fields of philosophy, psychology, and literature challenged and questioned the experience of being and of the existence. Following the ideas put forward by the writer Hermann Hesse (1877-1962), this thesis attempts to define the meaning of life as an existential problem in Germany at the beginning of the 20th century. It is through the concepts of life conduct (Lebensführung) and road to salvation (Erlösung), both legacies of Max Weber to social sciences, that it studies the social phenomenon of the search for meaning, significant for modern conceptions of human identity. The thesis first addresses the Western spiritual condition through the notion of disenchantment with the world (Max Weber), the role of socializing frameworks in the sources of the self (Charles Taylor), and the transcendent and immanent approaches to the self (Marcel Gauchet). Drawing on a corpus of novels (Siddhartha, Steppenwolf, Narcissus and Goldmund, The Glass Bead Game), it trails Hesse’s characters’ search for meaning. At the border between sociological biography and literary sociology, this dissertation is based on the fictionalized characters’ life conduct as they search for meaning, through their discovery of transcendence. The chapters presents conceptions of truth, transcendence, salvation, the meaning of life, and back-and-forth movements between the writer’s life, his work, and the spiritual condition of his time. In conclusion, the thesis discusses the relevance of reading Hermann Hesse today and questions the pertinence of his characters as source of inspiration for our modern life conduct.

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Im Vorwort zu Terpsichore (1612) schreibt Michael Praetorius, die Melodien und Arien dieser »Französischen Tänze« habe ein Tänzer und sehr guter Geiger aus Frankreich zusammengestellt. Zu einigen Tänzen ergänzte Praetorius Bass- und/oder Mittelstimmen, übernahm aber auch vollstimmige Tanzsätze oft unbekannter Autorschaft aus bereits existierenden Sammlungen. Im Gegensatz dazu komponierte Johann Hermann Schein in seiner Sammlung Banchetto musicale (1617) die Tanzmelodien selbst. Ausgehend von den analytischen Werkzeugen, mit denen Melodietypen solcher Sammlungen in jüngerer Zeit beschrieben wurden, wird gezeigt, welche Unterschiede sich in der Melodiebildung der beiden Sammlungen erkennen lassen. Mit einem Rekurs auf Hugo Riemann wird zudem ausgeführt, welche analogen melodischen Elemente paarig angeordnete Tänze aufweisen und welche rhythmischen und diastematischen Strategien dabei für Variation sorgen. / In the preface to Terpsichore (1612), Michael Praetorius writes that the melodies and arias of these »French dances« were compiled by a dancer and very good violinist from France. Praetorius added the bass and/or middle voices to several dances, but he also adopted fully voiced dance movements of often unknown authorship from already existing collections. In contrast, Johann Hermann Schein in his collection Banchetto musicale (1617) composed the dance melodies himself. Starting from the analytical tools with which melody types from such collections have been described in recent years, this article shows the differences in the melodic design of these two collections. Through reference to Hugo Riemann, analogous melodic elements in coupled dance movements and rhythmic and diastematic strategies used for variation are demonstrated.