Thesis (M.A.)--Liberty University, 2009. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Michigan State University. Dept. of Communication, 2008. / Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on July 23, 2009) Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-122). Also issued in print.

Orientador: Ester Mirian Scarpa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T21:45:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ramos_Susy_M.pdf: 465198 bytes, checksum: 4bbfefc00139aaf15691874ac4aac39d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: Na maioria dos trabalhos sobre linguagem as disfluências são tratadas pelo viés patológico e há poucas pesquisas que procuram elucidar suas ocorrências, dada a complexidade do tema. Este trabalho tem por objetivo estudar as hesitações na fala de uma criança no período de 1;9 até os 4 anos para analisar as ocorrências de pausas e repetições, itens que são considerados indícios de disfluência. A análise visa corroborar a hipótese de que as disfluências são intrínsecas à linguagem e ocorrem devido à mudança da posição do sujeito com relação à língua. Os momentos de hesitação são aqueles em que as dominâncias se alternam: dominância da língua, dominância da fala do outro e a dominância do sujeito. Dessa forma, as hesitações propiciam a progressão e a ancoragem para a continuidade do discurso, o que demonstra que não são apenas ocorrências intrínsecas à linguagem, mas necessárias. / Abstract: Disfluencies are generally seen through the bias of pathology in a great deal of research on the subject. The aim of this dissertation is to study the instances of hesitation in the speech of a child from 1;9 to 4 years old and to analyze the occurrence of pauses and repetitions, items that have frequently been considered traces of disfluency. The analysis aims at confirm the hypothesis that disfluencies are intrinsic to language and occur due to the change of position of the subject in relation to language. The moments of hesitation are the ones in which the dominance in a structure of three poles alternate: dominance of the language, of the speech of the other, dominance of the subject. Hesitations, thus, yield to progression and anchorage to the continuity of discourse, which shows that they are not only intrinsec to language, but necessary to it. / Mestrado / Mestre em Linguística

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-12Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:48:32Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vieira_rcr_me_sjrp.pdf: 526975 bytes, checksum: d53edaf11f301e6857242706aa47d0e0 (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Tendo como base as freqüentes hesitações nos enunciados falados de sujeitos afetados pela doença de Parkinson, predominantemente atribuídas pela literatura biomédica a limitações orgânicas impostas pela doença, nossa proposta foi investigar aspectos do funcionamento hesitativo de tais sujeitos. Extraímos os dados de uma sessão de conversação entre um sujeito parkinsoniano (NL) e um documentador (JN). Partindo da concepção de que as hesitações são marcas das negociações do sujeito com os outros constitutivos do (seu) discurso, detectamos 48 marcas hesitativas que apresentavam um aspecto peculiar: a tensão em um elemento fonético-fonológico. Pela análise dos 48 enunciados que continham as marcas, observamos, em primeiro lugar, a presença desse elemento fonético-fonológico tensionado em palavras presentes nos trechos que sucediam ou, simultaneamente, antecediam e sucediam as marcas hesitativas. Observamos, ainda, que a tensão provocada por essa repetição se mostrou fortemente vinculada a outros tipos de tensões – que remetiam tanto a elementos de outros planos da língua, além do fonético-fonológico, quanto a elementos do processo discursivo. Com relação aos planos da língua, sobretudo o semântico se mostrou vinculado com o fonético-fonológico. Já com relação ao processo discursivo, levantamos indícios de que o funcionamento hesitativo que denominamos deslizamentos em contexto fonético-fonológico recorrente escancara negociações relacionadas a diferentes elementos das condições de produção do discurso, tais como o das imagens que se fazem de si os protagonistas do processo e a dominância de objetos discursivos. Com relação aos objetos discursivos dominantes no processo analisado, identificamos: (a) doença; (b) família; (c) trabalho; e (d) estudo. Quando os dois primeiros objetos se mostravam em dominância, observamos... / Considering the frequent hesitations on the utterance of individuals with Parkinson’s disease, mainly related by the biomedical literature to organical impairment ruled by the disease, our purpose was to investigate the aspects of hesitative functioning of those individuals. Data were extracted of a conversation session between a parkinsonian individual (NL) and a documenter (JN). Thinking the hesitations as marks of the individual’s negotiations with the constructing others of (his) discourse, 48 hesitating marks were found presenting a peculiar aspect: the stress in an phonetic-phonologic element. Through the analysis of the 48 utterances that contained the marks, we observed, on first place, the presence of this phoneticphonologic element that was in stress in words that succeeded or, simultaneously, preceded and succeeded the hesitating marks. We observed, yet, that the stress caused by this repetition showed itself strongly linked to other kinds of stress – that referred to both elements of other plans of language, besides phonetic-phonologic, and to elements of the discoursive process. Regarding other plans of language, mainly the semantic one showed itself linked to the phonetic-phonologic one. But, regarding the discoursive process, we observed that the hesitative functioning we called repeteadly phonetic-phonologic context slidings highlights negotiations related to different elements of the discourse production conditions, such as the images that the protagonists of the process make of themselves and the dominance of discoursive objects. In relation to objects in the dominant discourse analysis, we identified: (a) disease, (b) family, (c) work and (d) study. When the first two objects were in dominance, it was observed that NL was predominantly through by the image of ill subject, whereas, when the objects work and study predominated, emerged... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Hesitation use is common among all speakers, regardless of whether they are engaged in their dominant or non-dominant language (Fehringer & Fry, 2007; Reed, 2000). The question is whether a bilingual speaker will engage in the same types of hesitations in both languages. If hesitation patterns can be identified consistently across speakers regardless of language, their use as an acoustic cue for speaker identification may be possible. This study examines differences in hesitation use across languages and speaking contexts (reading vs. conversation) in bilingual speakers. Twenty Spanish-English bilinguals (ages 19 -31 years) were tested as part of a larger speaker identification project focusing on bilingual speech patterns. These individuals were recorded in a sound-treated booth while speaking extemporaneously and reading a standardized passage in both Spanish and English. Unfilled pause length and speech segment durations were obtained from one minute speech samples using Praat scripts (Boersma & Weenink, 2014). Pause to speaking ratios were computed in Excel. The number of filled pauses were determined from the same one minute speech samples in English and Spanish. Differences in planning style were demonstrated with step graphs which compared both the frequency and length of alternations between speech and pauses in two participants with different planning styles. Wilcoxon signed ranks tests revealed significant differences in the use of unfilled pauses across speaking contexts in both languages. Both pause to speaking ratios and pause durations were larger in spontaneous speech when compared to read speech. Speech segment durations were shorter in extemporaneous speech and filled pauses were more common in spontaneous speech. Cross-language comparisons were considered within each speaking condition. Results indicated few instances where there were significant differences. There were longer speech segment durations in read speech and more filled pause use in spontaneous speech in English. Further demonstration of these patterns was illustrated through step graphs. The similarities in the hesitation phenomenon between languages suggests that bilingual speakers often use the same planning aspects between languages and carryover aspects of speech production from their first language to their second (Fehringer & Fry, 2007). Therefore, comparisons within and across languages within a specific speaking condition may be useful in speaker identification. However, these findings also indicate the need for caution when comparing speech samples across speaking conditions using unfilled and filled pauses. One should consider hesitation as one of several acoustic cues for use in speaker identification in a cross-language situation.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego, 2001. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-201).

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:30:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-04-09Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:01:10Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nascimento_jc_dr_sjrp.pdf: 1017456 bytes, checksum: afccc05d3c64e8ba5f09879994b239ae (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Neste trabalho buscamos aprofundar reflexões que iniciamos em nossa dissertação de mestrado. Estabelecemos, como objetivo geral, compreender a hesitação numa perspectiva discursiva. Tomamos a hesitação como processo de negociação problemática com os outros constitutivos do sujeito/ do discurso que mostra (i) a deriva que está sempre virtualmente se instalando e (ii) a ancoragem do sujeito que, numa leitura retroativa do dizer, tenta organizar recortes mobilizados de seu inconsciente. Baseamo-nos em material composto por conversações entre um documentador fonoaudiólogo (JN) e um parkinsoniano (NL), gravadas para o Projeto Atividade discursiva oral e escrita de parkinsonianos: formação de um banco de dados. Percebemos a determinação desse material pelo contexto institucional da saúde no qual JN e NL se conheceram, tal que o objeto discursivo saúde/ doença se mostrava na cadeia significante. Selecionamos, pois, seis recortes representativos da circulação da saúde/ doença no processo discursivo JN/NL e delineamos três objetivos específicos para sua análise: (a) determinar em que pontos da cadeia significante o objeto discursivo se mostrava; (b) identificar as posições discursivas engendradas no processo discursivo JN/NL e sua relação com o objeto discursivo; (c) analisar a hesitação no contexto da relação entre as posições discursivas e os outros mobilizados no processo discursivo. A análise permitiu: (a) determinar que o objeto discursivo era mostrado na forma de metáforas – sob a perspectiva das experiências desagradáveis com a doença e sob a perspectiva da possibilidade de solucionar problemas atribuídos à doença –, bem como permitiu determinar sua ressonância em pontos em que não era mostrado na cadeia; (b) identificar que o objeto discursivo ancorava, em alguma mediada, as posições de pesquisador (que escuta/ questionador), de... / In this work we intend to deepen reflections that began in our Masters dissertation. We, as a general objective, proposed to understand hesitation in a discursive perspective. We take hesitation as a problematic negotiation process with the others constitutives of discourse/ subject that show (i) a drift which is always virtually installing and (ii) anchoring the subject that, in backward reading, attempts to organize snips mobilized from his unconscious. We based on material composed of conversations between a speech pathologist documenter (JN) and a parkinsonian (NL), recorded for the Project Atividade discursiva oral e escrita de parkinsonianos: formação de um banco de dados. We realized the determination of this material by the institutional context of health in which JN e NL knew each other, so that the discursive object health/ disease was shown on the significant chain. We have, therefore, selected six representative snips of the movement of health/disease in JN/NL discursive process and we have outlined three specific goals for their analysis: (a) determine where on the significant chain the discursive object was shown; (b) identify the discursive positions engendered in JN/NL discursive process and their relationship with the discursive object; (c) analyze the hesitation in the context of the relationship between the discursive positions and the others mobilized in the discursive process. The analysis allowed us to: (a) determine that the discursive object was shown in metaphors form – on the perspective of unpleasant experiences with the disease and under the perspective of the possibility of troubleshooting assigned to the disease –, as well as allowed to determine its resonance points where it wasn’t shown in the chain; (b) identify that the discursive object anchored, to some extent, the discursive positions of researcher (who listens/questions), of search ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Parue entre 1940 et 1993, l’œuvre d’Henri Thomas se remarque par sa qualité et par sa profusion. L’auteur a abordé les différents champs de la création littéraire (romans, récits, nouvelles, poésies) mais aussi la critique, la traduction et le domaine autobiographique. Il reste pourtant un écrivain quasiment inconnu pour le grand public et cela en grande partie parce que son œuvre résiste à la lecture et ne se laisse pas facilement intégrer dans les canons littéraires. Limpides au premier abord, ces textes nous donnent pourtant la vive sensation d’un mystère innommable que le lecteur ne peut approcher que par détours. La thèse ci-présente interroge dix récits de l’auteur – des romans et des nouvelles écrits dans de différentes périodes de sa vie –, et part de l’hypothèse que la réticence est la figure dominante de ces textes qui oscillent en permanence entre le dit et le non-dit, entre le montré et le caché, entre la précarité et la surabondance discursive. Dans la première partie, nous analysons deux situations occurrentes dans lesquelles la réticence apparaît (l’épiphanie et la disparition) et l’inscription paradoxale de la réticence dans l’œuvre sous la forme d’un discours lacunaire ou d’un discours digressif. La deuxième partie est consacrée à la dialectique du plein et du vide qui est repérable notamment au niveau de la conception sur l’image et la mémoire. Enfin, la troisième partie est consacrée à la dimension performative de la réticence. Elle s’inscrit textuellement dans le récit par les points de suspension, les tirets et l’italique, donne lieu à une identification problématique des instances narratives et implique un rapport particulier entre l’auteur et le lecteur. / Published between 1940 and 1933, Henri Thomas’ work stands out for its quality and quantity. The author approached different spheres of the literature (novels, short novels, poems) but also critic, translations or autobiographies. Despite all this, Henri Thomas remains a writer almost unknown to the large public, mostly because his works resist reading and are not easily integrated in the literary canons. Transparent at a first sight, his texts give us the strong sensation of an unnamable mystery that the author can only approach indirectly. Our thesis starts from the hypothesis that reticence is the dominant figure of these texts – which are permanently oscillating between told and untold, between revealed and unrevealed, between austerity and discursive superabundance. The analyzed corpus consists of 10 narrative texts – novels and short novels written by the author in different periods of his life – that allow us to have a wider view of his narrative creation. In the first part of the thesis, we describe 2 occurrence situations in which we find the reticence (epiphany and disappearance) and the paradoxical ways in which this appears in the form of an incomplete speech or a digressiv speech. The second part is dedicated to the dialectics of the full and the empty, two faces of the reticence, especially when it comes to the conception of image and memory. Finally, the third part is dedicated to the performative dimension of reticence: beyond its textual characteristics such as the ellipsis, the hype or the italics, the reticence determines o problematic identification of the narrative instincts and a special relation between the author and the reader.

Submitted by Cristina Gonçalves de Melo null (cristinag.melo@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-04-26T20:16:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Versão final - Cristina.pdf: 1275086 bytes, checksum: 762f34283a249b89685f67e0d234196e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-04-28T19:06:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 melo_cg_me_mar.pdf: 1275086 bytes, checksum: 762f34283a249b89685f67e0d234196e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:06:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 melo_cg_me_mar.pdf: 1275086 bytes, checksum: 762f34283a249b89685f67e0d234196e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A proposta deste estudo foi verificar possíveis relações entre a organização do constituinte prosódico frase entonacional e a presença de hesitações na fala infantil. Em razão da complexidade estrutural presente na constituição da frase entonacional, nossa hipótese foi a de que ela poderia provocar momentos de tensão em sua produção, possivelmente marcados por hesitações – sobretudo em seus limites. OBJETIVOS: (1) comparar a distribuição das hesitações nos limites inicial e final da frase entonacional na fala infantil; (2) verificar com que tipos de marcas as hesitações ocorrem nesses pontos da frase entonacional; e (3) observar em que medida características discursivas ajudariam a entender o funcionamento discursivo das hesitações. MÉTODOS: foram sujeitos da pesquisa seis crianças com idades entre 4:10 e 6:3 anos que, em 2011, frequentavam o nível Infantil II de uma Escola Municipal de Educação Infantil de Marília. Tais crianças participaram de uma entrevista na qual falaram sobre temas trabalhados em sete propostas pedagógicas desenvolvidas em sala de aula, no período vespertino. RESULTADOS: observou-se: (i) maior quantidade de hesitações em início de frase entonacional; (ii) ausência de diferença estatística entre os tipos de marcas hesitativas; (iii) maior ocorrência de hesitações em frases entonacionais em início do enunciado do que no interior do enunciado; (iv) maior quantidade de marcas hesitativas entre frases entonacionais do que no final da frase entonacional final do enunciado; e, por fim, (v) tendência pela marca hesitativa corte brusco no final de frase entonacional interrompida e, tendência por alongamentos e pausas silenciosas em final de frase entonacional não interrompida. As tendências observadas foram interpretadas como reveladoras, na medida em que a presença de mais marcas hesitativas nos pontos destacados sugere tanto a ação de fatos da língua, como a integração entre informações fonológicas, sintáticas e semânticas na produção desse constituinte, quanto a ação de fatos discursivos, como a demanda de sentido do interlocutor para as crianças. CONCLUSÃO: as hesitações se mostram como um importante indicador de como fatos da língua e do discurso operam na produção da frase entonacional na fala infantil. / This study aims to verify possible relations between the organization of prosodic component intonational phrase and the presence of hesitation in children speech. Due to the structural complexity in the constitution of intonational phrase, our hypothesis was that it could provoke times of stress in its production, possibly outlined by the presence of hesitation - mainly in its boundaries. PURPOSES: (1) to compare distribution of hesitation in initial and final boundaries of intonational phrases in children speech; (2) to verify the types of marks in which the hesitations occur in these points of intonational phrase; and (3) to observe, in which extent, speech characteristics would help to understand the discursive function of hesitation. METHODS: six children were subject to research, aged between 4:10 and 6:3 years old, which, in 2011, attended Preschool at a Municipal Preschool in Marília. These children were submitted to an interview which covered topics developed within seven pedagogical proposals carried out in the classroom, in the afternoon period. RESULTS: we observed: (i) higher number of hesitation in the beginning of intonational phrase; (ii) the absence of statistical difference between the different types of hesitation marks; (iii) higher occurrence of hesitation in intonational phrases in the beginning of utterance than in the middle of utterance; (iv) greater amount of hesitation marks between intonational phrases than in the end of the utterance's final intonational phrase; and, finally, (v) tendency to more frequent occurrence of false start in the end of the broken intonational phrase, as well as lengthening and silent pauses in the end of the non-interrupted intonational phrase. We consider the observed trends as revealing, since the presence of more hesitation marks in the highlighted points suggests both the action of language facts, such as integration of phonological, syntactic and semantic information in the formulation of this component, and the action of discursive facts, such as the interlocutor's demand of meaning towards children. CONCLUSION: hesitation is revealed as a key indicator of how language and discursive facts work in children speech's intonational phrase production.

Orientador: Lourenço Chacon Jurado Filho / Banca: Clélia Cândida Abreu Spinardi Jubran / Banca: Leda Verdiani Tfouni / Resumo: Tendo como base as freqüentes hesitações nos enunciados falados de sujeitos afetados pela doença de Parkinson, predominantemente atribuídas pela literatura biomédica a limitações orgânicas impostas pela doença, nossa proposta foi investigar aspectos do funcionamento hesitativo de tais sujeitos. Extraímos os dados de uma sessão de conversação entre um sujeito parkinsoniano (NL) e um documentador (JN). Partindo da concepção de que as hesitações são marcas das negociações do sujeito com os outros constitutivos do (seu) discurso, detectamos 48 marcas hesitativas que apresentavam um aspecto peculiar: a tensão em um elemento fonético-fonológico. Pela análise dos 48 enunciados que continham as marcas, observamos, em primeiro lugar, a presença desse elemento fonético-fonológico tensionado em palavras presentes nos trechos que sucediam ou, simultaneamente, antecediam e sucediam as marcas hesitativas. Observamos, ainda, que a tensão provocada por essa repetição se mostrou fortemente vinculada a outros tipos de tensões - que remetiam tanto a elementos de outros planos da língua, além do fonético-fonológico, quanto a elementos do processo discursivo. Com relação aos planos da língua, sobretudo o semântico se mostrou vinculado com o fonético-fonológico. Já com relação ao processo discursivo, levantamos indícios de que o funcionamento hesitativo que denominamos deslizamentos em contexto fonético-fonológico recorrente escancara negociações relacionadas a diferentes elementos das condições de produção do discurso, tais como o das imagens que se fazem de si os protagonistas do processo e a dominância de objetos discursivos. Com relação aos objetos discursivos dominantes no processo analisado, identificamos: (a) doença; (b) família; (c) trabalho; e (d) estudo. Quando os dois primeiros objetos se mostravam em dominância, observamos... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Considering the frequent hesitations on the utterance of individuals with Parkinson's disease, mainly related by the biomedical literature to organical impairment ruled by the disease, our purpose was to investigate the aspects of hesitative functioning of those individuals. Data were extracted of a conversation session between a parkinsonian individual (NL) and a documenter (JN). Thinking the hesitations as marks of the individual's negotiations with the constructing others of (his) discourse, 48 hesitating marks were found presenting a peculiar aspect: the stress in an phonetic-phonologic element. Through the analysis of the 48 utterances that contained the marks, we observed, on first place, the presence of this phoneticphonologic element that was in stress in words that succeeded or, simultaneously, preceded and succeeded the hesitating marks. We observed, yet, that the stress caused by this repetition showed itself strongly linked to other kinds of stress - that referred to both elements of other plans of language, besides phonetic-phonologic, and to elements of the discoursive process. Regarding other plans of language, mainly the semantic one showed itself linked to the phonetic-phonologic one. But, regarding the discoursive process, we observed that the hesitative functioning we called repeteadly phonetic-phonologic context slidings highlights negotiations related to different elements of the discourse production conditions, such as the images that the protagonists of the process make of themselves and the dominance of discoursive objects. In relation to objects in the dominant discourse analysis, we identified: (a) disease, (b) family, (c) work and (d) study. When the first two objects were in dominance, it was observed that NL was predominantly through by the image of ill subject, whereas, when the objects "work" and "study" predominated, emerged... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre