MSc, Dentistry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand / The characterisation of oral and maxillofacial histopathology found in children has been reported from developed countries of the west and in some developing countries in Africa but as yet not from South Africa. A retrospective study was designed to evaluate the epidemiological features of paediatric oral and maxillofacial histopathology seen at the University of the Witwatersrand’s Division of Oral Pathology from January 1987 to December 2007. A total of 1,258 children ≤ 16 years of age with histologically confirmed disease in the oral and/or maxillofacial region were recorded, with a male to female ratio of 1:1,05. A progressive increase in the frequency of oral and maxillofacial lesions was seen with increase in the age of the patient. Most lesions were concentrated in the 13-16 year age group (41,5%). Pathology involving the jaw bones formed the largest category of all oral and maxillofacial pathologies (40% of the total number of cases) and was predominated by odontogenic cysts and tumours (61,8%). Odontogenic tumours showed a significantly higher frequency in children over 12-years of age (P=0,006). A higher frequency of unicystic ameloblastoma than in the literature was noted. The remaining pathology, in decreasing order of frequency, involved the oral and perioral soft tissues (31,6%), the salivary glands (18%), oral mucosa (8,9%) and dental hard tissues (1,7%). Most lesions of soft tissue and salivary gland were reactive / inflammatory in nature and were outweighed by fibro-epithelial polyps and extravasation mucoceles respectively. Nearly two-thirds of the oral mucosal lesions were benign Human Papilloma Virus-induced lesions. Malignant neoplasms comprised 4,1% of the total number of cases with Burkitt’s lymphoma emerging as the most common malignancy. Although the smallest number of biopsy specimens was obtained from children younger than 5-years of age, the likelihood of a malignant diagnosis in the latter age group was substantially higher than in older children.

Histopathological classification and grading of biopsy specimens play an important role in early cancer detection and prognosis. Nottingham Grading System (NGS) is one of the standard grading procedures used in breast cancer assessment, where three parameters, Mitotic Count (MC), Nuclear Pleomorphism (NP), and Tubule Formation (TF) are used for prognostic information. The grading takes into account the deviations in cellular structures and appearance between tumour and normal cells, using measures such as density, size, colour, and regularity. Cell structures in tissue images are also known to exhibit multifractal characteristics. This research focused on the multifractal properties of several graded biopsy specimens and analysed the dependency and variation of the fractal parameters with respect to the scores pre-assigned by pathologists. The effectiveness of using multifractal techniques on breast cancer grading was measured with a set of quantitative evaluations for MC, NP, and TF criteria. The developed method for MC scoring has obtained 82.87% true positive rate on detecting mitotic cells. Furthermore, the overall positive classification rates for NP and TF analysis were 67.38% and 71.82%, respectively, while obtaining 30.26% of false classification rate for NP analysis and 27.17% for TF analysis. The results have shown that multifractal formalism is a feasible and novel method that could be used for automatic grading of biopsy sections.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T21:06:06Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 miyazato_lg_dr_jabo.pdf: 12108110 bytes, checksum: 389387edb66af6afc5029abc0101e08a (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Fatec / O objetivo deste estudo foi o de caracterizar lesões musculares em cães com Distrofia Muscular do golden retriever (DMGR), de diferentes idades, por análises histopatológica e imunoistoquímica. Foram utilizados vinte e cinco cães machos classificados e distribuídos em grupos de acordo com a idade: grupo I – distróficos até 1 ano; grupo II – distróficos acima de 1 ano; grupo III - controle até 1 ano; grupo IV - controle acima de 1 ano. Uma amostra de cada músculo foi fixada em solução de formol, processadas pelas técnicas usuais de inclusão em parafina, coradas com HE e TGM para análise histopatológica e processadas para a análise imunoistoquímica de linfócitos T-CD3+, antígeno MHC II e vimentina. Outras amostras foram congeladas em nitrogênio líquido e processadas pelas técnicas usuais para realização das reações imunoistoquímicas para marcação dos linfócitos T-CD4+, TCD8+ e do antígeno MHC I. Os resultados mostraram que as lesões nos músculos distróficos do grupo I foram moderadas comparativamente às do grupo II que foram severas. Nos músculos distróficos, os linfócitos T-CD3+, T-CD4+ e T-CD8+ concentravam-se nas áreas de degeneração e necrose. O número de linfócitos T-CD3+ e T-CD4+ foi significativamente maior (p < 0.05) em todos os músculos distróficos em comparação aos controles, demonstrando a participação dos linfócitos T na doença. O número de linfócitos T-CD8+ foi significativamente maior (p < 0.05) nos distróficos, exceto para os músculos sartório cranial no grupo I, diafragma e bíceps femoral no grupo II. A imunoexpressão do MHC I intensificou-se com a idade nos animais distróficos, ao contrário do MHC II que se manteve. A imunoexpressão da vimentina e do VEGF nos músculos distróficos foi discreta (escore 1) em todos os músculos avaliados. Destes resultados podemos... / The purpose of this study was to characterize the lesions in dystrophic muscles of DMGR dogs of different ages, by means of histopathological and immunohistochemistry analysis. Twenty-five male dogs were classified and distributed into groups according to the age: Group I - dystrophic up to 1 year, group II - dystrophic over 1 year, group III - control up to 1 year, group IV - control over 1 year. One sample from each muscle was fixed in formalin solution, processed by usual techniques of paraffin embedding, stained with HE and TGM for histopathological purposes and processed for immunohistochemical analysis of the distribution of T-lymphocytes CD3+, MHC II and vimentin. Other samples were frozen in liquid nitrogen, processed by usual techniques of freezing in order to perform the techniques of immunohistochemical labelling for CD4+ T-lymphocytes, T-CD8+ and MHC I. The results of histopathological analysis showed that the lesions in dystrophic muscles in the Group I were moderate compared to that ones in the Group II which were severe. The CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ Tlymphocytes were more numerous in dystrophic muscles especially in areas of degeneration and necrosis. The number of CD3+ and CD4+ T-lymphocytes was found to be significantly higher (p <0.05) in all dystrophic muscles compared to controls demonstrating the involvement of T-lymphocytes in the disease. The number of CD8+ Tlymphocytes was found to be significantly higher (p <0.05) in dystrophics, except for the cranial sartorius muscles in the Group I and the diaphragm and biceps femoris in the Group II. The immunoexpression of MHC I increased with age in dystrophic animals, in contrast to MHC II that remained the same. The immunoexpression of vimentin and VEGF in the dystrophic muscles was mild (score 1) upon all muscles. From these results we can conclude that in dystrophic muscle immunoexpression of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

O Papilomavírushumano (HPV) é um DNA vírus do grupo papovavírus, que é altamente transmissível sexualmente, sendo bastante encontrado na região anogenital e mucosa oral. A sua implantação oral pode ser por auto-inoculação ou pelo contato oro-sexual. As principais manifestações orais associadas ao HPV são: papiloma, condiloma acuminado, verruga vulgar e hiperplasia epitelial focal. O papiloma é uma lesão epitelial associada ao HPV e pode ocorrer em vários locais da mucosa oral. Histopatologicamente, o papiloma oral é caracterizado por coilocitose, disceratose, papilomatose, hiperceratose e acantose. A literatura ressalta a importância do estudo dessas lesões, uma vez que estudos demonstram que mesmo com os achados macroscópicos e histológicos serem compatíveis com a presença do vírus, somente técnicas de detecção podem comprovar a presença viral.O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a presença do HPV, por meio das técnicas de hibridização in situ e PCR, em lesões diagnosticadas histopatologicamente como papilomas e comparar esses resultados com características clínicas e histológicas. Cinqüenta casos foram selecionados da Disciplina de Patologia Bucal e da Disciplina de Estomatologia Clínica da FOUSP. Esta seleção de 50 casos foi submetida à reação de hibridização in situ, e 10 casos dentre os mesmos por técnica da PCR e 100% casos foram negativos. Nenhuma das características histológicas previamente analisadas puderam formar estreita relação com a hibridização in situ e PCR. Conclui-se que a análise histopatológica ao HE não se correlaciona com os resultados das técnicas de hibridização in situ e PCR, porém importante ressaltar para detecção do HPV nas lesões estudadas é imprescindível o uso de técnicas de Biologia Molecular otimizadas como a hibridização in situ e PCR realizadas nesse estudo. / The Humanpapillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus from the group of papovavirus, which is highly sexually transmitted and it can be often found in the anogenital area and in the oral mucosal. The oral implantation can be by self-inoculation or by the oral sexual contact. The main oral appearances associated to HPV are: papilloma, condylomata acuminata, verruca vulgaris and focal epithelial hyperplasia. Papilloma is an epithelial lesion that is associated to HPV and can occurs in many places of the oral mucosal. Histopathologically, the oral papilloma is characterized by koylocitosis, dyskeratosis, papillomatosis, hyperkeratosis and acanthosis. The literature shows the importance of these lesions once studies show that macroscopic and histologic founds suggest the presence of the virus, only detection technics can prove the viral presence. The target of this study is to check the presence of HPV, by means of In situ hybridization and PCR, in lesions diagnosed histopathologically as papillomas and compare these results with clinic and histologic features. Fifty cases were selected from the Discipline of Oral Pathology and the Discipline of Oral Diagnose of FOUSP. This selection of 50 cases were submitted to the reaction of In situ hybridization, and 10 cases among the same by PCR and 100% of the cases were negative. None of the histologic features were previously analyzed could form a narrow relation with the In situ hybridization and PCR. Therefore it is concluded that the histopathologic analysis to HE do not correlate with the results of the In situ hybridization and PCR, however the detection of the HPV in the studied lesions it is absolutely necessary the use of Molecular Biology techniques as the In situ hybridization and PCR done in this study.

O vírus Epstein-Barr (EBV) é um herpes vírus humano que estabelece infecção persistente e está associado com várias doenças, como mononucleose infecciosa, linfomas, carcinoma de nasofaringe e leucoplasia pilosa, afetando principalmente pacientes imunossuprimidos. Leucoplasia pilosa é uma lesão epitelial não maligna associada ao EBV que ocorre principalmente nas bordas laterais de língua. É comum em indivíduos infectados pelo HIV e em pacientes que recebem medicações imunossupressoras. Histopatologicamente, a leucoplasia pilosa é caracterizada por hiperparaqueratose, acantose, células semelhantes a coilócitos ou células balonizantes, e discreto ou nenhum infiltrado inflamatório. As características histopatológicas da lesão não são patognomônicas, sendo necessária a detecção do EBV para o diagnóstico final de acordo com vários autores. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a presença do EBV, por meio da técnica de hibridização in situ, em lesões diagnosticadas histológicamente como sugestivas de leucoplasia pilosa e comparar esses resultados com algumas características histopatológicas.Trinta e seis espécimes foram selecionados do Serviço de Patologia Cirúrgica da Disciplina de Patologia Bucal. Todos foram submetidos à reação de hibridização in situ, e 27 casos (75%) foram positivos, confirmando o diagnóstico anterior. Nenhuma das características histológicas analisadas puderam se correlacionar com a hibridização in situ. Pudemos concluir que a análise histopatológica ao H&E não pode substituir a hibridização in situ no diagnóstico final da leucoplasia pilosa / Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that estabilishes persistent infection and is associated with many diseases, including infectious mononucleosis syndrome, lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and oral hairy leukoplakia, affecting principaly immunocompromised patients. Oral hairy leukoplakia is a non malignant, EBV-associated, epithelial disease that typically occurs on the lateral tongue borders. It is common in individuals with HIV infection and in patients receiving iatrogenic immunossupression. Histologically, hairy leukoplakia is characterized by shaggy hyperparakeratosis, acanthosis, “koilocyte"-like or ballon cells, and a paucity of inflamation. The histologically features of hairy leukoplakia are not patognomonic, and for the many authors definitive diagnosis requires demonstration of EBV. The aim of this study were to verify the presence of EBV, by in situ hibridization, in lesions diagnosed histologically suggestive of hairy leukoplakia and compare this results with histologically features. Thirty six biopsy specimens from lesions histologically suggestive of hairy leukoplakia were selected from the Department of Stomatology’s Oral Pathology Service archives. EBV in situ hibridization was performed on all 36 cases, and 27 cases (75%) were positive, confirmed the diagnose of oral hairy leukoplakia. Histopatologically features did not agree well with EBV in situ hibridization. We concluded that H&E histopathology should not be used as a substitute for in situ hibridization in the definitive diagnosis of hairy leukoplakia

O vírus Epstein-Barr (EBV) é um herpes vírus humano que estabelece infecção persistente e está associado com várias doenças, como mononucleose infecciosa, linfomas, carcinoma de nasofaringe e leucoplasia pilosa, afetando principalmente pacientes imunossuprimidos. Leucoplasia pilosa é uma lesão epitelial não maligna associada ao EBV que ocorre principalmente nas bordas laterais de língua. É comum em indivíduos infectados pelo HIV e em pacientes que recebem medicações imunossupressoras. Histopatologicamente, a leucoplasia pilosa é caracterizada por hiperparaqueratose, acantose, células semelhantes a coilócitos ou células balonizantes, e discreto ou nenhum infiltrado inflamatório. As características histopatológicas da lesão não são patognomônicas, sendo necessária a detecção do EBV para o diagnóstico final de acordo com vários autores. O objetivo desse estudo foi verificar a presença do EBV, por meio da técnica de hibridização in situ, em lesões diagnosticadas histológicamente como sugestivas de leucoplasia pilosa e comparar esses resultados com algumas características histopatológicas.Trinta e seis espécimes foram selecionados do Serviço de Patologia Cirúrgica da Disciplina de Patologia Bucal. Todos foram submetidos à reação de hibridização in situ, e 27 casos (75%) foram positivos, confirmando o diagnóstico anterior. Nenhuma das características histológicas analisadas puderam se correlacionar com a hibridização in situ. Pudemos concluir que a análise histopatológica ao H&E não pode substituir a hibridização in situ no diagnóstico final da leucoplasia pilosa / Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a human herpesvirus that estabilishes persistent infection and is associated with many diseases, including infectious mononucleosis syndrome, lymphomas, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and oral hairy leukoplakia, affecting principaly immunocompromised patients. Oral hairy leukoplakia is a non malignant, EBV-associated, epithelial disease that typically occurs on the lateral tongue borders. It is common in individuals with HIV infection and in patients receiving iatrogenic immunossupression. Histologically, hairy leukoplakia is characterized by shaggy hyperparakeratosis, acanthosis, “koilocyte”-like or ballon cells, and a paucity of inflamation. The histologically features of hairy leukoplakia are not patognomonic, and for the many authors definitive diagnosis requires demonstration of EBV. The aim of this study were to verify the presence of EBV, by in situ hibridization, in lesions diagnosed histologically suggestive of hairy leukoplakia and compare this results with histologically features. Thirty six biopsy specimens from lesions histologically suggestive of hairy leukoplakia were selected from the Department of Stomatology’s Oral Pathology Service archives. EBV in situ hibridization was performed on all 36 cases, and 27 cases (75%) were positive, confirmed the diagnose of oral hairy leukoplakia. Histopatologically features did not agree well with EBV in situ hibridization. We concluded that H&E histopathology should not be used as a substitute for in situ hibridization in the definitive diagnosis of hairy leukoplakia

Die Kopf-Hals-Region ist eine der anatomisch kompliziertesten Regionen und enthält et- wa 300 Lymphknoten, die innerhalb eines komplexen Lymphgefäßsystems miteinander in Verbindung stehen. Die meisten Plattenepithelkarzinome der oberen Luft- und Speise- wege sind potentiell heilbar, aber sie metastasieren früh in die regionalen zervikalen Lymphknoten. Der Status dieser Lymphknoten ist der signifikanteste prognostische Faktor in der Therapie der Kopf-Hals-Tumoren. Die Neck Dissection, englisch für „Halsausräu- mung“, wird auch im deutschsprachigen Raum so genannt und ist der Standard der chir- urgischen Behandlung. Die vorliegende monozentrische Studie untersucht erstmals mittels Workflowanalyse ei- ne Serie von Neck dissections (ND) im Interoperateur-Vergleich und zielt auf die quali- tätsrelevante Erfassung der Operationssystematik ab. Von Januar bis Dezember 2011 wurden an einer onkologisch ausgerichteten HNO-Univer- sitätsklinik 42 selektive NDs (SND) und modifiziert radikale NDs (MRND) bei 5 unter- schiedlichen Operateuren mit der Workflowaufnahmesoftware s.w.an-Editor systemati- siert kodiert und vergleichend ausgewertet. Die Operateure variierten in ihrer Operationserfahrung mit Neck dissections zwischen 1- 17 Jahren und führten im Untersuchungszeitraum 19-76 NDs durch. Die Gesamtpräpara- tionszeit (15min. (2-48)) korrelierte negativ mit der Anzahl der jährlich durchgeführten NDs (p<.033). Bei der Dauer der Entfernung der einzelnen Lymphknotenpakete (33min. (10-81)) ergab sich eine negative Korrelation mit der jeweiligen Erfahrung des Opera- teurs (p<.001). 63 Als bevorzugte Reihenfolge der entfernten Level zeigte sich die Chronologie: 3-2A-(2B)- 5-4-(1). Diese variierte trotz „Schule des Hauses“ signifikant. Bei SNDs ergab sich eine Korrelation (p<.038) zwischen Erfahrung und Befolgung dieser Reihenfolge. Die Summe der entfernten Lymphknoten im histopathologischen Präparat gesamt (17 (0- 29)) sowie pro Level (3,8 (0-11)) zeigte keinen signifikanten Unterschied in Abhängigkeit von Erfahrung, Anzahl der 2011 durchgeführten NDs, befolgter Chronologie und Dauer der Operation. Trotz signifikanter Unterschiede bei den Operateuren im operativen Vorgehen fanden sich keine signifikanten Unterschiede in Gesamtsumme der entnommenen Lymphknoten- zahl. Die Workflowanalyse hilft, die Operationssystematik zu erfassen und damit bei wechselnden Operateuren einen Standard zu definieren.

O Papilomavírushumano (HPV) é um DNA vírus do grupo papovavírus, que é altamente transmissível sexualmente, sendo bastante encontrado na região anogenital e mucosa oral. A sua implantação oral pode ser por auto-inoculação ou pelo contato oro-sexual. As principais manifestações orais associadas ao HPV são: papiloma, condiloma acuminado, verruga vulgar e hiperplasia epitelial focal. O papiloma é uma lesão epitelial associada ao HPV e pode ocorrer em vários locais da mucosa oral. Histopatologicamente, o papiloma oral é caracterizado por coilocitose, disceratose, papilomatose, hiperceratose e acantose. A literatura ressalta a importância do estudo dessas lesões, uma vez que estudos demonstram que mesmo com os achados macroscópicos e histológicos serem compatíveis com a presença do vírus, somente técnicas de detecção podem comprovar a presença viral.O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a presença do HPV, por meio das técnicas de hibridização in situ e PCR, em lesões diagnosticadas histopatologicamente como papilomas e comparar esses resultados com características clínicas e histológicas. Cinqüenta casos foram selecionados da Disciplina de Patologia Bucal e da Disciplina de Estomatologia Clínica da FOUSP. Esta seleção de 50 casos foi submetida à reação de hibridização in situ, e 10 casos dentre os mesmos por técnica da PCR e 100% casos foram negativos. Nenhuma das características histológicas previamente analisadas puderam formar estreita relação com a hibridização in situ e PCR. Conclui-se que a análise histopatológica ao HE não se correlaciona com os resultados das técnicas de hibridização in situ e PCR, porém importante ressaltar para detecção do HPV nas lesões estudadas é imprescindível o uso de técnicas de Biologia Molecular otimizadas como a hibridização in situ e PCR realizadas nesse estudo. / The Humanpapillomavirus (HPV) is a DNA virus from the group of papovavirus, which is highly sexually transmitted and it can be often found in the anogenital area and in the oral mucosal. The oral implantation can be by self-inoculation or by the oral sexual contact. The main oral appearances associated to HPV are: papilloma, condylomata acuminata, verruca vulgaris and focal epithelial hyperplasia. Papilloma is an epithelial lesion that is associated to HPV and can occurs in many places of the oral mucosal. Histopathologically, the oral papilloma is characterized by koylocitosis, dyskeratosis, papillomatosis, hyperkeratosis and acanthosis. The literature shows the importance of these lesions once studies show that macroscopic and histologic founds suggest the presence of the virus, only detection technics can prove the viral presence. The target of this study is to check the presence of HPV, by means of In situ hybridization and PCR, in lesions diagnosed histopathologically as papillomas and compare these results with clinic and histologic features. Fifty cases were selected from the Discipline of Oral Pathology and the Discipline of Oral Diagnose of FOUSP. This selection of 50 cases were submitted to the reaction of In situ hybridization, and 10 cases among the same by PCR and 100% of the cases were negative. None of the histologic features were previously analyzed could form a narrow relation with the In situ hybridization and PCR. Therefore it is concluded that the histopathologic analysis to HE do not correlate with the results of the In situ hybridization and PCR, however the detection of the HPV in the studied lesions it is absolutely necessary the use of Molecular Biology techniques as the In situ hybridization and PCR done in this study.

Pre-surgical diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) is increasingly important in the context of thyroid cancer for identification of the optimal treatment strategy. It has exemplarily been shown that DWI at 3T can distinguish undifferentiated from well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma, which has decisive implications for the magnitude of surgery. This study used DWI histogram analysis of whole tumor apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps. The primary aim was to discriminate thyroid carcinomas which had already gained the capacity to metastasize lymphatically from those not yet being able to spread via the lymphatic system. The secondary aim was to reflect prognostically important tumor-biological features like cellularity and proliferative activity with ADC histogram analysis. Fifteen patients with follicular-cell derived thyroid cancer were enrolled. Lymph node status, extent of infiltration of surrounding tissue, and Ki-67 and p53 expression were assessed in these patients. DWI was obtained in a 3T system using b values of 0, 400, and 800 s/mm2 . Whole tumor ADC volumes were analyzed using a histogram-based approach. Several ADC parameters showed significant correlations with immunohistopathological parameters. Most importantly, ADC histogram skewness and ADC histogram kurtosis were able to differentiate between nodal negative and nodal positive thyroid carcinoma. Conclusions: histogram analysis of whole ADC tumor volumes has the potential to provide valuable information on tumor biology in thyroid carcinoma. However, further studies are warranted.

<p>Вирус катаралне грознице оваца наноси велике штете сточарској производњи због чега су правовремено препознавање болести и брза дијагноза есенцијални предуслови за адекватну реакцију ветеринарске службе. Из тих разлога, предмет ове докторске дисертације су анализе патолошких и хистолошких промена код животиња, серолошких и молекуларних метода потребних за идентификацију и ближу карактеризацију узрочника што је од примарног значаја за ефективност предузетих мера у борби против катаралне грознице оваца.<br />Серолошки, током активног надзора, пргледано је 944 узорка крвног серума оваца и 953 узорка крвног серума говеда, а потом, током пасивног надзора, 114 узорака крвног серума говеда, 302 узорка крвног серума оваца и 22 узорка крвног серума коза. Коришћена је компетитивна имуноензимска ELISA метода, којом је доказано присуство специфичних антитела код говеда, оваца и коза. Из пуне крви серопозитивних јединки, ланчаном реакцијом полимеразе уз коришћење Pan-BTV rRT-PCR протокола заснованог на публикацији Toussiant и сар., (2007) је доказано присуство секвенце вирусне РНК. У случају позитивних резултата спроведена је и конвенционална PCR метода, употребом One step PCR кита, уз коришћење два пара прајмера за серотип BTV-4 чиме је доказано да је овај серотип узрочник обољења у Црној Гори. Секвенцирањем и филогенетском анализом изолата утврђено је да припада западном топотипу BTV-4 и да је сродан, готово идентичан са изолатима земаља из окружења.<br />Од 302 овце, којима је узета крв за серолошку анализу, уочене су каратеристичне макроскопске и микроскопске промене код свих угинулих од катаралне грознице оваца. Испитивањем је обухваћено 20 угинулих оваца које су претходно, током испитивања за живота, поред манифестне клиничке слике, имале позитивне резултате серолошких и молекуларних испитивања. Након угинућа, овце су обдуковане при чему су констатоване и сликане макроскопске промене те издвојена ткива за хистолошке анализе. Ткива су фиксирана у 10% пуферизованом неутралном формалину, а потом уклапљена у парафин. Парафински исечци дебљине 5 микрометара су бојени хематоксилин-еозин методом. На промењеним органима доминирају едем, хиперемија и крварења. Хистолошки се запажају интензивне хеморагичне инфилтрације свих промењених органа, а поред тога и местимични некротични процеси у срцу и језику као и периваскуларни едеми лимфних органа са израженом<br />лимфоцитном деплецијом у лимфним чворовима, слезини и тимусу.</p> / <p>Virus kataralne groznice ovaca nanosi velike štete stočarskoj proizvodnji zbog čega su pravovremeno prepoznavanje bolesti i brza dijagnoza esencijalni preduslovi za adekvatnu reakciju veterinarske službe. Iz tih razloga, predmet ove doktorske disertacije su analize patoloških i histoloških promena kod životinja, seroloških i molekularnih metoda potrebnih za identifikaciju i bližu karakterizaciju uzročnika što je od primarnog značaja za efektivnost preduzetih mera u borbi protiv kataralne groznice ovaca.<br />Serološki, tokom aktivnog nadzora, prgledano je 944 uzorka krvnog seruma ovaca i 953 uzorka krvnog seruma goveda, a potom, tokom pasivnog nadzora, 114 uzoraka krvnog seruma goveda, 302 uzorka krvnog seruma ovaca i 22 uzorka krvnog seruma koza. Korišćena je kompetitivna imunoenzimska ELISA metoda, kojom je dokazano prisustvo specifičnih antitela kod goveda, ovaca i koza. Iz pune krvi seropozitivnih jedinki, lančanom reakcijom polimeraze uz korišćenje Pan-BTV rRT-PCR protokola zasnovanog na publikaciji Toussiant i sar., (2007) je dokazano prisustvo sekvence virusne RNK. U slučaju pozitivnih rezultata sprovedena je i konvencionalna PCR metoda, upotrebom One step PCR kita, uz korišćenje dva para prajmera za serotip BTV-4 čime je dokazano da je ovaj serotip uzročnik oboljenja u Crnoj Gori. Sekvenciranjem i filogenetskom analizom izolata utvrđeno je da pripada zapadnom topotipu BTV-4 i da je srodan, gotovo identičan sa izolatima zemalja iz okruženja.<br />Od 302 ovce, kojima je uzeta krv za serološku analizu, uočene su karateristične makroskopske i mikroskopske promene kod svih uginulih od kataralne groznice ovaca. Ispitivanjem je obuhvaćeno 20 uginulih ovaca koje su prethodno, tokom ispitivanja za života, pored manifestne kliničke slike, imale pozitivne rezultate seroloških i molekularnih ispitivanja. Nakon uginuća, ovce su obdukovane pri čemu su konstatovane i slikane makroskopske promene te izdvojena tkiva za histološke analize. Tkiva su fiksirana u 10% puferizovanom neutralnom formalinu, a potom uklapljena u parafin. Parafinski isečci debljine 5 mikrometara su bojeni hematoksilin-eozin metodom. Na promenjenim organima dominiraju edem, hiperemija i krvarenja. Histološki se zapažaju intenzivne hemoragične infiltracije svih promenjenih organa, a pored toga i mestimični nekrotični procesi u srcu i jeziku kao i perivaskularni edemi limfnih organa sa izraženom<br />limfocitnom deplecijom u limfnim čvorovima, slezini i timusu.</p> / <p>The Bluetongue virus (BTV) incurs great damage to the production of livestock, due to which timely recognition of the resultant disease and rapid diagnosis are essential prerequisites for an adequate reaction by the veterinary service. For these reasons, the subject of this doctoral dissertation are the analyses of pathological and histological alterations in animals, the serological and molecular methods necessary for identifying and closely characterizing the causative agent which is of primary concern for the efficacy of the measures taken in the fight against bluetongue disease.<br />Serologically, during active surveillance, 944 samples of sheep blood serum as well as 953 samples of cattle blood serum were examined, followed by 114 samples of cattle, 302 samples of sheep and 22 samples of goat blood serum during passive surveillance. Competitive ELISA was utilized to detect the presence of specific antibodies in cattle, sheep and goats. The presence of viral RNA sequences was confirmed in whole blood samples of seropositive individuals using the Pan-BTV rRT-PCR protocol as described in Toussiant et al. (2007). In the case of positive results conventional PCR analysis was also performed, using the One Step PCR kit with two primer pairs specific to the BTV- serotype, which showed that this serotype is the cause of the disease in Montenegro. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of the isolate determined that it belongs to the western topotype of BTV-4 and that it is related and practically identical to the isolates from neighbouring countries.<br />This work describes the macroscopic and microscopic changes found in sheep which died due to affliction with bluetongue disease. The study investigated a sample of 20 sheep for which premortem analysis, apart from the manifested clinical features, had confirmed positive serologic and molecular test results. The animals were dissected postmortem during which macroscopic alterations were identified and imaged, followed by tissue isolation for histological analysis. Tissues were fixed in 10% neutral buffered formalin and embedded in paraffin. Sections of 5&mu;m thickness were cut and stained with haematoxylin/eosin. The predominant organ changes identified included edema, hyperaemia and bleeding. Histologically intensive hemorrhagic infiltrations of all affected organs were observed as well as sporadic necrotic processes in the heart and tongue accompanied by perivascular edemas of the lymphoid organs with pronounced lymphocyte depletion within the lymph nodes,<br />spleen and thymus.</p>