A proteção das terras indígenas sofreu, durante o período republicano, grandes modificações. No começo da República não havia uma política nacional voltada ao índio, é apenas no ano de 1934 que normas relativas às terras indígenas atingiram guarida constitucional. O Serviço de Proteção ao Índio (SPI), criado em 1910, que atuou no sentido de demarcar as terras indígenas, teve que se confrontar com os estados membros para proteger as terras indígenas. Durante este período, a política para os povos indígenas foi de educar os povos indígenas a um modo de vida ocidental, persuadindo os a abandonar seus costumes originais. Isso levou a redução do território necessário para a subsistência dos índio, já que a caça e coleta foram substituídos com a agricultura. Assim, a terra abandonada poderia ser vendida ou utilizada pelo governo federal. Hoje em dia, apesar de essas metas não serem mais apoiadas pela Constituição de 1988, as leis ordinárias não foram alteradas para refletir estes novos objetivos: o respeito à forma original de vida dos indígenas, de acordo com o direito internacional. O que mostra que há contradições no sistema jurídico brasileiro, no que diz respeito aos índios. / The protection of indigenous rights to their land in Brazil has greatly evolved since the early twentieth century. Back then Brazil was a newly established republic divided in states, each of which were responsible for the administration of the indigenous people that occupied their territory. Therefore there was no common policy towards the administration of the indigenous people. Changes began in 1910 when a federal organization, the Indian Protection Service, was created to protect the indigenous people nationwide. During this period the federal policy toward indigenous people was to progressively educate the indigenous people to a western way of life, persuading them to abandon their original customs. One of the achievements of this policy was to reduce the size of the land needed for the indigenous subsistence as hunting and gathering were substituted with farming. Thus, the superfluous land could be sold or otherwise used by the government. Nowadays, although these goals are no longer endorsed in the 1988 constitution, statute law has not changed to reflect these new objectives, namely respect of the original indigenous way of life, in accordance to international law.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:23:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Joao Roberto Gorini Gamba.pdf: 1007112 bytes, checksum: edb9d57c6304caaf523b14a48859de66 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-06 / The present work is dedicated to the study of the property throughout a historical reconstruction of the institute according to the treatment given to it in legal, economic and social aspects, seeking to identify their philosophical foundations as well as the consequences verified by each adopted model. Initially, we looked for to expose conjectures about the origin of property in a primitive human stage and, in the following moment, pointing out the various transformations undergone by the institute since its apprehension by Roman Law until its receipt by the Napoleonic Code which, as the reading done, consolidates the property as the center of the modern legal system / O presente trabalho se dedica ao estudo da propriedade por meio de uma reconstrução histórica do instituto conforme o tratamento dado a ele nos âmbitos jurídico, econômico e social, buscando apontar seus fundamentos filosóficos, bem como as consequências verificadas por cada modelo adotado. Inicialmente, buscamos expor conjecturas sobre a origem da propriedade num estágio humano primitivo e, na sequência, apontar as diversas transformações sofridas pelo instituto desde sua apreensão pelo Direito Romano até sua recepção pelo Código Napoleônico que, conforme a leitura realizada, consolida a propriedade como centro do ordenamento jurídico moderno

Este trabalho estuda, por meio de pesquisa em fontes de cognição técnicas e atécnicas, primárias e secundárias, o condicionamento histórico padecido pelo processo civil brasileiro, que se mantém jungido ao direito processual lusitano medievo até os dias de hoje, apesar da evolução da ciência processual, especialmente no último século, e do distanciamento do colonialismo português. Após ter vigorado no Brasil por longo tempo durante o período colonial e ter permanecido vigente mesmo depois da proclamação da Independência, o processo civil português influenciou de forma extraordinária os mais importantes monumentos legislativos processuais que se sucederam no País, a saber, o Regulamento 737, os códigos processuais estaduais e os Códigos de Processo Civil de 1939 e de 1973. Das entranhas dessas codificações depreendem-se claramente inúmeras disposições do direito português medieval, cujo processo civil era calcado no sistema do ordo solemnis judiciorum do direito comum, formado fundamentalmente pelo direito romano e pelo direito canônico: fontes materiais e subsidiárias das Ordenações do Reino. Até hoje, a construção lógica e a maioria das características, dos princípios e dos institutos do direito processual civil brasileiro têm como fontes jurígenas senão o processo civil lusitano medieval. Paradoxalmente, este legado histórico está mais presente hoje no Brasil do que na República Portuguesa. / This paper studies, conducted through research into both primary and secondary technical and non-techcnical sources of knowledge, the historical subjection en-dured by the brazilian civil procedure, which still keeps itself, even nowadays, strongly dependent on the medieval portuguese procedural law, notwithstanding the evolution of the procedural science, especially in the last century, and the growing distancing from old portuguese colonialism. After being in force in Brazil for a long time througout the colonial period and continuing in effect in spite of the Declaration of Brazils Independence, the portuguese civil procedure had also per-formed an extraordinary influence in the most important procedural legal texts later enacted in the country, namely, the Regulation n. 737, the procedural codes of the brazilian states, and the Codes of Civil Procedure of 1939 and of 1973. From the entrails of such codifications there can be clearly inferred many provisions of the medieval portuguese law, of which civil procedure was based on the system of the ordo solemnis judiciorum of the comon law, essentially composed by roman and canon law: the substantive and subsidiary sources of the Ordinances of the Realm. Even at present times, the logical construction and the majority of the fea-tures, principles and doctrines of the brazilian civil procedural law have as legal sources almost nothing but the medieval portuguese civil procedure. Paradoxically, this historical legacy is nowadays more present in Brazil than at the Portuguese Republic.

ABSTRACT REGULATORY FRAMEWORK OF THE SECTOR-SPECIFIC AND COMPETITION RULES IN THE TELECOMMUNICATIONS SECTOR IN TURKEY IN THE LIGHT OF THE EU LAW Aydemir, Duygu M.S., Department of European Studies Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Gamze As&ccedil / ioglu-&Ouml / z May 2008, 189 pages This thesis examines the role of the sector-specific rules and competition rules in the liberalized telecommunications markets. It aims to analyse the design of the legal and institutional framework of these two sets of rules in the liberalized telecommunications sector in Turkey in the light of the EU law. To this purpose, the thesis initially compares and contrasts the main characteristics of and shared responsibilities between the sector-specific and economy-wide competition rules and institutions in the post-liberalization and post-privatization period. Then, the thesis explores the EU approach on the balance of influence between these two sets of rules and institutions. Against this background, the thesis examines role, design and interaction of the sector-specific and competition rules and institutions in the recently liberalized Turkish telecommunications markets. It, also, analyses some important competition law cases concluded by the Competition Authority. The thesis has two main arguments. Firstly, it argues that liberalization and privatization in the telecommunications sector does not automatically lead to the competitive environment in the sector. Competitiveness of the markets after the postliberalization and post-privatization period critically depends on the existence of a robust, coherent, and transparent regulatory framework ensuring a smooth balance between the sector-specific and the competition rules and institutions. Second argument is that sector-specific rules have a transitional character. As telecommunications markets move towards effective competition, sector-specific regulation will be reduced and the role of the competition rules in those markets will increase.

This thesis analyzes the state aids policy in EU especially by taking the post-2008 crisis implementations in the banking sector into consideration. The main goal of the thesis is to examine the questions about how the EU directs the considerably strict state aids policy in the crisis term and whether or not there has been a turn in state aids policy tradition during the crisis. For this purpose, the study, first, evaluates the competition policy as the umbrella title for state aids policy, the definition and components of state aids and international rapprochements to state aids policy. Then, the tradition of state aids policy in EU is explained by taking the history and sources of this policy into consideration. Under the light of this advance information, actions of the Union during the post-2008 financial crisis related to the banking sector are tried to be evaluated. State aids implementations in general, attitudes in crisis periods and recent efforts in legislation processes about state aids in Turkey as a candidate country make it worth to link the subject of state aids in Turkey with the study as a subordinate title.

A proteção das terras indígenas sofreu, durante o período republicano, grandes modificações. No começo da República não havia uma política nacional voltada ao índio, é apenas no ano de 1934 que normas relativas às terras indígenas atingiram guarida constitucional. O Serviço de Proteção ao Índio (SPI), criado em 1910, que atuou no sentido de demarcar as terras indígenas, teve que se confrontar com os estados membros para proteger as terras indígenas. Durante este período, a política para os povos indígenas foi de educar os povos indígenas a um modo de vida ocidental, persuadindo os a abandonar seus costumes originais. Isso levou a redução do território necessário para a subsistência dos índio, já que a caça e coleta foram substituídos com a agricultura. Assim, a terra abandonada poderia ser vendida ou utilizada pelo governo federal. Hoje em dia, apesar de essas metas não serem mais apoiadas pela Constituição de 1988, as leis ordinárias não foram alteradas para refletir estes novos objetivos: o respeito à forma original de vida dos indígenas, de acordo com o direito internacional. O que mostra que há contradições no sistema jurídico brasileiro, no que diz respeito aos índios. / The protection of indigenous rights to their land in Brazil has greatly evolved since the early twentieth century. Back then Brazil was a newly established republic divided in states, each of which were responsible for the administration of the indigenous people that occupied their territory. Therefore there was no common policy towards the administration of the indigenous people. Changes began in 1910 when a federal organization, the Indian Protection Service, was created to protect the indigenous people nationwide. During this period the federal policy toward indigenous people was to progressively educate the indigenous people to a western way of life, persuading them to abandon their original customs. One of the achievements of this policy was to reduce the size of the land needed for the indigenous subsistence as hunting and gathering were substituted with farming. Thus, the superfluous land could be sold or otherwise used by the government. Nowadays, although these goals are no longer endorsed in the 1988 constitution, statute law has not changed to reflect these new objectives, namely respect of the original indigenous way of life, in accordance to international law.

Ce travail de thèse sur « la création d’un droit bancaire islamique » offre une perspective globale du phénomène. Faisant appel à l’histoire, à l‘économie et au droit, il envisage l’étude de ces techniques bancaires dans le contexte socio-culturel présidant à leur émergence et notamment sous l’angle des rapports entre le monde occidental et l’Orient islamique.Tout d’abord, s’appuyant sur l’étude du droit musulman classique, ce travail analyse le substrat qui a permis le développement de la banque islamique à travers d’une part l’étude des concepts bancaires majeurs et d’autre part l’évolution du monde musulman au cours de l’histoire. Puis, l’analyse se tourne vers la légitimation des techniques bancaires islamiques modernes au regard des contrats musulmans classiques. Ceci amène cette étude vers la variété des modèles de banques islamiques dont elle propose de mettre en lumière les divergences au regard des questions religieuses, politiques et économiques, mais aussi de montrer que la perspective actuelle tend vers leur uniformisation. La dernière partie de l’étude s’attache à exposer les rapports entre ce droit bancaire islamique et le droit positif des pays dans lesquels il s’incorpore. Ainsi, en Occident, l’analyse distingue la France et les pays de Common law dont l’histoire montre l’influence sur les systèmes juridiques des pays musulmans. En Orient, le Maroc et l’Arabie Saoudite, deux pays dont les systèmes bancaires sont respectivement issus des droits civilistes et de Common law, font l’objet d’une étude spécifique. Les développements s’achèvent enfin par la confrontation des normes et des valeurs que soulève l’introduction de techniques bancaires islamiques dans le système financier international. L’ensemble des analyses proposées dans cette étude accrédite la thèse de la difficulté que rencontrent ces techniques bancaires à trouver leur cohérence entre la volonté de s’inscrire dans la tradition religieuse de l’Islam et la recherche de l’efficacité économique. / This thesis on "the creation of an Islamic banking law" provides a global perspective of this phenomenon. Looking upon history, economics and law, this essay plans to study these Islamic banking techniques in the socio-cultural context governing at their emergence particularly in terms of relations between the Occident and the Islamic Orient.First, based on the study of classical Islamic law, this work analyses the substratum that has allowed the development of Islamic banking by, on the one hand, the study of the major banking concepts and on the other hand, the evolution of the Muslim world as centuries go by. Then, the analysis turns to the legitimization of modern Islamic banking techniques by comparison with classical Islamic contracts. This leads this study to the various models of Islamic banks, in order to highlight the differences with regard to religious, political and economic issues, but also to show that today's perspective move towards their uniformity. The last part of the study seeks to explain the relationship between Islamic banking law and positive law in the countries where it is incorporated. Furthermore, in Occident, the analysis distinguishes France and the Common law countries whose history shows the influence on the legal systems of Muslim countries. In the Muslim world, Morocco and Saudi Arabia, two countries whose banking systems are respectively stemming from Civilian law and Common law, are subject to a specific study. The developments come to an end by the confrontation of norms and values raised by the introduction of Islamic banking techniques in the international financial system.All the analysis proposed in this study supports the theory of the difficulty faced by these banking techniques to find consistency between the desire to be part of the religious tradition of Islam and the pursuit of economic efficiency.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:25:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcos Renato Schahin.pdf: 314006 bytes, checksum: 8cb2be0790d849a74f496ec8ca21625c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-06-29 / The present work has the objective to demonstrate the philosophical movements that have guided the creation of a Brazilian legal system since colonial times up until the present day through the history of law. This study becomes necessary due to the fact that the laws have become outdated with regard to the demands of society. Consequently, the research tries to find some reasons for the inefficacy of the Brazilian legal system in the historical and legal cultural of the country The research begins with the analysis of the current cultural philosophy, starting with the thinking of Tobias Barreto. In the second chapter, the history of Brazil is confronted to a code of laws that elucidated the doctrines that have served as a basis for the construction of these some laws. In the third chapter it will be show that foreign influence with regard to these codes of laws had proved to be inefficient in their execution. Finally, the last chapter presents the educational project of Paulo Freire as a means of legitimizing some national conquests, such as democracy, transforming the Brazilian people into a nation capable of making viable the Federative Republic of Brazil / O presente trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar os movimentos filosóficos que nortearam a criação do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro desde a colônia até os dias atuais através da história do direito. A necessidade deste estudo nasceu da existência contraditória entre as leis e a sociedade brasileira. Dessa forma, a pesquisa busca encontrar algumas razões para a ineficácia do ordenamento jurídico brasileiro na formação histórica e jurídica do país. A pesquisa parte da análise da corrente filosófica do culturalismo, a partir do pensamento de Tobias Barreto. No segundo capítulo a história do Brasil é confrontada com a história dos ordenamentos, elucidando as doutrinas que serviram de base para a construção das leis. No terceiro capítulo será apresentada a repercussão da importação dos ordenamentos jurídicos, a ineficácia da maioria das leis pátrias, o que levou a falda impressão de um desenvolvimento jurídico no país. Por fim, o último capítulo apresenta o projeto educacional de Paulo Freire como meio de legitimar algumas conquistas nacionais, como a democracia, transformando a massa brasileira em um povo capaz de tornar real a República Federativa do Brasil

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:17:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 23 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A formação de futuros bacharéis em Direito não condiz com a realidade complexa e em constante mutação que se delineia, motivo de preocupações e elucubrações sobre o assunto. Desde a criação dos primeiros cursos jurídicos brasileiros, esses já se encontravam em pretensa “crise”, a qual ainda hoje é incessantemente citada em abordagens descritivas dos mais diversos “sintomas” que resultam em reformas de diretrizes curriculares, que estão muito em voga, almejando, com isto, uma satisfatória adequação do ensino do Direito aos emergentes conflitos sociais. Muito embora tratar de crises e reformas seja necessário, ainda mais se faz premente, a compreensão do contexto e do imaginário social em que estas se inserem. Assim sendo, dentre os mais variados recortes, intentou-se uma abordagem epistemológica e histórica sobre a construção do conhecimento jurídico desde à tradição ocidental do ensino do Direito, alcançando as origens do bacharelismo como determinantes do nosso cenário jurídico nacional. Demonstrou-se a desv / The graduation of future bacharels in Law does not agree with the complex and constant reality that one portrays, reasons for worries and lucubration for the issue. Since the settlement of the first Law Brazilian Courses, those were already in presumed “crisis”, which today is still constantly mentioned in descritives approaches of the most varied summoned “signs” that result in renovating curriculums line of directions, which are very much in season, aiming, by that, a satisfying adjustment of the Law teaching concerning the emerging socials conflicts. Even though dealing with crisis and adjustment are necessary, yet more is made pressing the comprehention of the text and social imaginary in which these one inserts.In such case, among the most varied pieces, one intents an epistemology and historical approach about Law knowledge building from the eastern tradition of the Law Teaching, reaching the ancestry of the bacharelada as determinant in our national legal scenery. One has demonstrated the desentail fr

A presente dissertação realiza um exame histórico-jurídico do Código Criminal do Império do Brasil, aprovado em 16 de dezembro de 1830. Frequentemente interpretado como um documento liberal elaborado às pressas e artificialmente sobreposto à sociedade brasileira, o Código Criminal de 1830 foi muito pouco estudado pela historiografia nacional. Buscando desvendar a complexidade dos trabalhos e escolhas jurídicas e políticas envolvidas em sua composição, analisamos pormenorizadamente o trâmite parlamentar seguido por este documento (centrando-nos nos debates legislativos e comissões de trabalho dedicadas à sua elaboração), relacionando-o, ainda, ao movimento codificacionista ocidental em curso na virada do século XVIII ao XIX. Para além de examinar os projetos de código criminal apresentados ao legislativo brasileiro, entre 1826 e 1827, por José Clemente Pereira e Bernardo Pereira de Vasconcelos, realizamos uma análise comparativa cuidadosa entre o conteúdo destes projetos e o texto final do código aprovado, somando, ainda, a tal análise, uma comparação entre o Código de 1830 e os textos de dez códigos ou projetos de codificação penal existentes no mundo ocidental àquela altura. Partindo do corpus documental supracitado e da conjuntura política de aprovação deste diploma, a pesquisa desnudou as relações então travadas entre o direito penal e a política do Primeiro Reinado, articulando os dispositivos adotados pelo Código de 1830 às particularidades inerentes ao momento de sua aprovação e aos projetos de Estado, justiça e cidadania defendidos pelos parlamentares imperiais. Inserida e influenciada por um movimento internacional de larga escala e pautada por concepções jurídicas extremamente modernas, a positivação das leis penais no Império brasileiro atrelou-se à configuração do novo Estado-nacional e ao desejo de seus representantes de conformação de uma nova realidade. / This thesis proposes a historical-juridical study of the Brazilian Imperial Criminal Code (Código Criminal do Império do Brasil), approved in December 16th, 1830. Frequently interpreted as a liberal document hastily elaborated and artificially imposed upon the Brazilian society, the Criminal Code of 1830 has been neglected by national historiography. To try to unveil the complexity of the juridical and political choices and maneuvers involved in its composition, I analyze in detail the parliamentary process of proposal and approval of this document (focusing on the legislative debates and the legislative commissions committed to its elaboration), aiming to relate its content to the western codification movement that started at the turn of the 18th century. The scope of my analysis goes beyond the analysis of the projects for the criminal code presented to the Brazilian legislative by José Clemente Pereira and Bernardo Pereira de Vasconcelos between 1826 and 1827, in order to produce a careful comparison between the content of such projects and the final text of the approved criminal code. The present thesis also includes a detailed comparison between the Code of 1830 and the contents of ten codes or projects of penal codification available in the western world at the time. Using the aforementioned documental corpus and bearing in mind the political situation contemporary to the approval of this code, the research has revealed the relations between penal law and politics during the First Reign (Primeiro Reinado), articulating the juridical statements embedded on the Code of 1830, and social-political particularities specific to the moment of its approval, with different projects regarding the States organization, prospects of justice and citizenship expected by the nations representatives. Imbedded in and influenced by a large-scale international movement and based on extremely modern juridical conceptions, the proposition of penal laws in the Brazilian Empire was connected to the configuration of the new national State and to the desire of its representatives to conform a new reality.