Large organizations and research institutes store a huge volume of data nowadays.In order to gain any valuable insights distributed processing frameworks over acluster of computers are needed. Apache Hadoop is the prominent framework fordistributed storage and data processing. At SICS Swedish ICT we are building Hops, a new distribution of Apache Hadoop relying on a distributed, highly available MySQL Cluster NDB to improve performance. Hops-YARN is the resource management framework of Hops which introduces distributed resource management, load balancing the tracking of resources in a cluster. In Hops-YARN we make heavy usage of the back-end database storing all the resource manager metadata and incoming RPCs to provide high fault tolerance and very short recovery time. This project aims in optimizing the mechanisms used for persisting metadata in NDB both in terms of transactional commit time but also in terms of pre-processing them. Under no condition should the in-memory RM state diverge from the state stored in NDB. With these goals in mind several solutions were examined that improved the performance of the system, making Hops-YARN comparable to Apache YARN with the extra benefits of high-fault tolerance and short recovery time. The solutions proposed in this thesis project enhance the pure commit time of a transaction to the MySQL Cluster and the pre-processing and parallelism of our Transaction Manager. The results indicate that the performance of Hops increased dramatically, utilizing more resources on a cluster with thousands of machines. Increasing the cluster utilization by a few percentages can save organizations a big amount of money. / Nu för tiden lagrar stora organisationer och forskningsinstitutioner enorma mängder data.För att kunna utvinna någon värdefull information från dessa data behöver den bearbetasav ett kluster av datorer. När flera datorer gemensamt ska bearbeta data behöver de utgåfrån ett så kallat "distributed processing framework''. I dagsläget är Apache Hadoop detmest använda ramverket för distribuerad lagring och behandling av data. Detta examensarbeteär har genomförts vid SICS Swedish ICT där vi byggt Hops, en ny distribution avApache Hadoop som drivs av ett distribuerat MySQL Cluster NDB som erbjuder en hög tillgänglighet.Hops-YARN är Hops ramverk för resurshantering med distribuerade ResourceManagers som lastbalanserarderas ResourceTrackerService. I detta examensarbete använder vi Hops-Yarn på ett sätt där ``back-end''databasen flitigt används för att hantera ResourceManagerns metadata och inkommande RPC-anrop. Vårkonfiguration erbjuder en hög feltolerans och återställer sig mycket snabbt vidfelberäkningar. Vidare används NDB-klustrets Event API för att ResourceManager ska kunnakommunicera med den distribuerade ResourceTrackers. Detta projekt syftar till att optimera de mekanismer som används för ihållande metadatai NDB både i termer av transaktions begå tid men också i termer av pre-bearbeta dem medan samtidigt garantera enhetlighet i RM: s tillstånd. ResourceManagerns tillståndi RAM-minnet får under inga omständigheteravvika från det tillstånd som finns lagrat i NDB:n. Med dessa mål i åtanke undersöktes fleralösningar som förbättrar prestandan och därmed gör Hops-Yarn jämförbart med Apache YARN.De lösningar som föreslås i denna uppsats förbättrar “pure commit time” när en transaktiongörs i ett MySQL Cluster samt förbehandlingen och parallelismen i vår Transaction Manager.Resultaten tyder på att Hops prestanda ökade dramatiskt vilket ledde till ett effektivarenyttjande av tillgängliga resurser i ett kluster bestående av ett tusental datorer. Närnyttjandet av tillgänliga resurser i ett kluster förbättras med några få procent kanorganisationer spara mycket pengar.

Yes / Much of the development of model-based design and dependability analysis in the design of dependable systems, including software intensive systems, can be attributed to the application of advances in formal logic and its application to fault forecasting and verification of systems. In parallel, work on bio-inspired technologies has shown potential for the evolutionary design of engineering systems via automated exploration of potentially large design spaces. We have not yet seen the emergence of a design paradigm that effectively combines these two techniques, schematically founded on the two pillars of formal logic and biology, from the early stages of, and throughout, the design lifecycle. Such a design paradigm would apply these techniques synergistically and systematically to enable optimal refinement of new designs which can be driven effectively by dependability requirements. The paper sketches such a model-centric paradigm for the design of dependable systems, presented in the scope of the HiP-HOPS tool and technique, that brings these technologies together to realise their combined potential benefits. The paper begins by identifying current challenges in model-based safety assessment and then overviews the use of meta-heuristics at various stages of the design lifecycle covering topics that span from allocation of dependability requirements, through dependability analysis, to multi-objective optimisation of system architectures and maintenance schedules.

The aim of this thesis is to introduce hops harvest phenomena as a special kind of agriculture aid in socialist Czechoslovakia. The aid consisted of secondary school students in the 1960s. The thesis describes organization of hops harvest, process of harvesting work and after-work activities of temporary staff. This thesis contains occurrences of August 1968 in Czechoslovakia. The harvesting work was complicated by raid of Soviet Army in this year.

In the era of big data, data is flooding from numerous data sources and many companies have been utilizing different types of tools to load and process data from various sources in a data lake. The major challenges where different companies are facing these days are how to update data into an existing dataset without having to read the entire dataset and overwriting it to accommodate the changes which have a negative impact on the performance. Besides this, finding a way to capture and track changed data in a big data lake as the system gets complex with large amounts of data to maintain and query is another challenge. Web platforms such as Hopsworks are also facing these problems without having an efficient mechanism to modify an existing processed results and pull out only changed data which could be useful to meet the processing needs of an organization. The challenge of accommodating row level changes in an efficient and effective manner is solved by integrating Hudi with Hops. This takes advantage of Hudi’s upsert mechanism which uses Bloom indexing to significantly speed up the ability of looking up records across partitions. Hudi indexing maps a record key into the file id without scanning over every record in the dataset. In addition, each successful data ingestion is stored in Apache Hudi format stamped with commit timeline. This commit timeline is needed for the incremental processing mainly to pull updated rows since a specified instant of time and obtain change logs from a dataset. Hence, incremental pulls are realized through the monotonically increasing commit time line. Similarly, incremental updates are realized over a time column (key expression) that allows Hudi to update rows based on this time column. HoodieDeltaStreamer utility and DataSource API are used for the integration of Hudi with Hops and Feature store. As a result, this provided a fabulous way of ingesting and extracting row level updates where its performance can further be enhanced by the configurations of the shuffle parallelism and other spark parameter configurations since Hudi is a spark based library. / I dag är stora data mängder vanligt förekommande bland företag. Typiskt så flödar datan från många datakällor och det är populärt bland företag att använda olika typer av verktyg för att läsa och bearbeta data i en data lake. En av de stora utmaningarna som företag står inför idag är att kunna uppdatera stora mängder data på ett effektivt sätt. Tidigare lösningar för att uppdatera stora mängder data är baserat på att skriva över datan, vilket är en ineffektiv metod. En ytterligare utmaning med stora data mängder är problemet av att bokföra ändringar till datan på ett effektivt sätt. Hopsworks är en webbplattform som lagrar och bearbetrar stora mängder data och står således inför dessa utmaningar. I denna avhandling så presenteras en lösning på problemet med att uppdatera stora datamängder på ett effektivt sätt. Lösningen är baserad på att integrera Hudi med Hops. Genom att integrera Hudi med Hops så kan Hops utnyttja Hudis mekanism för effektiv uppdatering av data. Mekanismen som används i Hudi för att uppdatera stora mängder dataär baserad på Bloom-indexering samt logg-baserad lagring av data. Hudi indexerar datan för att snabba upp uppdateringsoperationer. Dessutom så stödjer Hudi att varje uppdatering bokförs till en loggfil, vilket i praktiken fungerar som en tidslinje över datan. Genom att använda tidslinjen så stödjer Hudi att läsa stora datamängder inkrementellt, samt att inspektera datan vid specifika tidpunkter. I denna avhandling så beskrivs hur HoodieDeltaStreamer-verktyget samt Hudis DataSource API används för integrera Hudi med Hops Feature Store. Tack vare denna integration så möjligörs en mer effektiv och användbar uppdatering av stora datamängder i Hops.

The thesis analyses the marketing of tourism offer of the town of Žatec with a particular emphasis on its principal product -- the Temple of Hops and Beer. Its main objective is to formulate proposals of specific marketing measures for the popularization of the general tourism offer of the town of Žatec and the Temple of Hops and Beer for the last quarter of the year 2011 and 2012. After defining the main tourist industry attractions of Žatec, the thesis builts upon the SWOT analysis and 5P marketing mix. In the case of the Temple of Hops and Beer the paper presents a proposal of the marketing plan incorporating 5C marketing approach, which assesses the above-mentioned product from a broader visitor's point of view. Both approaches are adjusted to budget and public administration management rules. This thesis' conclusion will serve as an input for the tourism industry subjects in Žatec in accordance with the development strategies approved on local, regional, as well as national level.

In recent years, there has been tremendous growth in both the volumes of data that is produced, stored, and queried by organizations. Organizations spend more money to investigate and obtain useful information or knowledge against terabytes and even petabytes of data. Large-scale data analysis is the key functionality provided by Big Data platforms. Previously, data platforms would get the information from unstructured data in the form of files, text, and videos. In recent times, the Hadoop stack has played a vital role in Big Data, becoming the defector open source software used to process and analyze Big Data. Hops is a Hadoop distribution developed by KTH and RISE SICS. Hops modifies the Hadoop stack by moving the meta-data for YARN and HDFS to NDB, an open-source in-memory distributed database. HopsWorks is the User Interface for Hops and provides support for multi-tenant users, as well as self-service, graphical access to frameworks such as Hadoop, Flink, Spark, Kafka, and Kibana. HopsWorks currently does not provide a SQL-on-Hadoop service, although work is ongoing for supporting Hive. Presto is one of the main SQL-on-Hadoop platform, but, currently, Presto does not provide multi-tenancy support for users. This thesis investigates providing multitenancy support to Presto with the help of HopsWorks, including both the security problem and the self-service UI requirements of HopsWorks. Presto is a distributed SQL query Engine which can run SQL queries against up to petabytes of data. As HopsWorks provides UI access to services, we decided to build our UI for Presto on an existing open-source UI for Presto, called Airpal, developed by Airbnb. This provided solution of the thesis divided into two functionalities. First one, maintain two separate Applications (HopsWorks and Airpal Applications) run by the help of two JVMs and maintain ProxyServlet to control traffic between them. Second one HopsWorks-Presto-service leverages HopsWorks access-control (Data owner and Data-scientist) and self-service security model. The evaluation of the thesis used qualitative approach by comparing HopsWorks-PrestoService with standalone PrestoDB and comparing HopsWorks-PrestoService with HopsWorks without Presto-Service. / De senaste åren, har det varit en avsevärd ökning vad gäller mängden av data som produceras, lagras och som används för analys av olika organisationer. Organisationer spenderar mer pengar för att undersöka och extrahera information och insikter i enorma datavolymer på flera terabyte eller petabyte. Storskalig dataanalys är en central funktionalitet som tillhandahålls av Big Data plattformar. I tidigare tillvägagångssätt hämtade data plattformaro-strukturerade data i form av filer, texter och videoklipp. I nutid, så har Hadoop-stacken spelat en kärnroll i Big Data, och blivit en viktig öppen källkod mjukvara som används för att processera och analysera Big Data. Hops är en Hadoop distribution som har utvecklats av KTH och RISE SICS. Hops tillför ändringar till Hadoop stacken genom att migrera metadata för YARN och HDFS till NDB, en öppen källkod i-minnet distribuerad databas. HopsWorks är ett användargränssnitt för Hops och tillför stöd för flera användare, med tillgång till självservice och tjänster såsom Hadoop, Flink, Spark, Kafka och Kibana. HopsWorks stödjer i nuläget inte någon SQL på Hadoop tjänst, även om arbete utförs i nuläget för att integrera Hive. Presto är en av de mest populära SQL på Hadoop plattformarna, men i nuläget så stödjer inte Presto flera användare. Den här uppsatsen utreder stöd för flera användare i Presto med hjälp av HopsWorks, både vad gäller säkerhetsproblem och självservice i HopsWorks. Presto är en distribuerad SQL frågespråk motor som kan ställa frågor mot upp till petabyte med data. Eftersom HopsWorks tillhandahåller ett gränssnitt för att interagera med tjänster, beslutade vi oss att bygga ett gränssnitt för Presto på det existerande öppen källkod gränssnittet för Presto, vid namn AirPal, utvecklat av Airbnb. Den utvecklade lösningen för uppsatsen kan delas in i två delar. Den första delen, att hantera två separata applikationer (HopsWorks och AirPal) som kör med hjälp av två Java virtuella maskiner och använder en ProxyServlet för att kontrollera trafik mellan dom. Den andra, HopsWorks-Presto-service som tillhandahåller HopsWorks åtkomstkontroll (Dataägare och Dataforskare) och en självservice säkerhetsmodell. Utvärderingen i uppsatsen är att genom ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt jämföra HopsWorks-Presto-service med en fristående PrestoDB och jämföra HopsWorks-Presto-service med HopsWorks utan Presto-service.

There is demand for improved security of refrigerated ready-to-eat meats. Antimicrobial edible films and coatings could function as an added barrier against post-processing contamination. Hops and hop extracts are known for their antimicrobial efficacy which is attributed to key antimicrobial components including humulones, lupulones, xanthohumol and various terpenoids. Yet, hop ethanol extract has not been studied as an antimicrobial to incorporate into edible protein films and/or coatings. The overall objective of this research was to evaluate hop ethanol extract as an antimicrobial agent incorporated into edible soy protein isolate (SPI) films and coatings, and the influence on the shelf-life and sensory attributes of bologna. Hop ethanol extract was examined for minimum inhibitory concentration before the extract was incorporated into a 6% SPI solution at 0, 10, and 20% levels to determine antimicrobial efficacy as a cast film and simulated coating via zone of inhibition against Listeria monocytogenes strains ATCC 4644, UKADL and ATCC 49594. The results showed that hop ethanol extract alone was inhibitory of all three strains. Moreover, the hop ethanol extract, when incorporated at 10 and 20% (v/v) into edible soy protein isolate (SPI) films and simulated coatings, exhibited antimicrobial action against all three L. monocytogenes strains. Key antimicrobial components, as mentioned above, were identified in the hop ethanol extract via mass spectrometry. The SPI with 10% incorporated hop ethanol extract (SPI+10%hop) antimicrobial coating was applied to bologna, prepared in lab without L. monocytogenes inhibitors, where it exhibited a significant (P ≤ 0.05) bacteriostatic effect against strain ATCC 4644. The SPI+10% hop coating was then applied to a commercial bologna to examine effects on shelf-life and sensory attributes. Significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) were found in instrumental red and yellow colors, however not in sensory color. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) found in measured lipid oxidation between the bologna with no coating, SPI coating or SPI+10%hop coating. The incorporation of hop did exhibit a slightly bitter taste. Overall, these findings indicate that the SPI+10%hop antimicrobial coating functioned as an inhibitor of L. monocytogenes while producing minimal effects on shelf-life and sensory attributes of bologna.

The demand for locally sourced hops from Northeastern microbreweries began the recent resurgence in local hop production. The farming community has increased acreage and improved the quality of hops grown and processed in the Northeast region over the past five years. There was a sharp increase in the number of Northeast hop producers from six in 2009 to over 175 in 2014. Hop growers in the Northeast are new to the crop and have limited experience with pest identification and management. This dissertation encompasses three research projects that were conducted over the 2012-2014 growing seasons. These projects were the first critical steps taken to develop arthropod integrated pest management (IPM) tactics for Northeastern hop growers. First, the arthropod community in seven Vermont hop yards was evaluated. The objectives of Chapter 2 are to 1) present current hop pest biology and management strategies, 2) report the phenology of arthropod pests observed over three growing seasons, 3) report abundance and peak date for each pest, and 4) document natural enemy abundance in Vermont hop yards. The survey indicates that in cool, wet seasons hop aphid (Phorodon humuli Schrank) is expected to be a pest of concern. Two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychus urticae Koch) is expected to be a pest of concern in hot, dry conditions. Potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae Harris) is an unpredictable pest of special concern for first year hop plants. When hop aphid or potato leafhopper are sprayed for with broad-spectrum insecticide, two-spotted spider mite secondary outbreak can be expected. Second, the abundance of major arthropod pests and their natural enemy groups were evaluated under drive row flowering cover crop treatments. The objectives of this study were to 1) measure the effect of cover crops on natural enemy group abundance, 2) measure the effect of cover crops on the three major Northeastern hop pests, and 3) measure the effect of cover crop presence on hop yield and quality. Natural enemy groups and pests were positively correlated yet cover crop treatments had no significant effect on natural enemy abundance. Red clover cover crop treatments served as a trap crop for potato leafhopper. No significant difference in hop yield or quality was observed between flowering cover crop treatments. Finally, potato leafhopper is a documented but understudied regional pest of hops. The objectives of this study were to 1) measure the physiological response of eight hop cultivars to adult potato leafhopper feeding and 2) measure hop leaf recovery from potato leafhopper injury. Gas exchange (net photosynthesis and transpiration) and chlorophyll content were measured to quantify injury by adult potato leafhopper to first year hop leaves in field and greenhouse studies. Cultivars did not vary significantly in their physiological response to potato leafhopper feeding. Injury significantly reduced gas exchange measures in the field (P < 0.05) and greenhouse (P < 0.05) and when leafhoppers were removed, gas exchange was restored.

Master of Agribusiness / Department of Agricultural Economics / Vincent R. Amanor-Boadu / Nationwide, the craft brew industry has enjoyed massive growth. Hops are an important ingredient in craft brew beer and rapid growth of this industry has created many opportunities to grow hops. Currently, hops production is concentrated in the Pacific Northwest. That is beginning to change with new hops acres being planted every year across the country. The study looks at how economically feasible it is to plant hops in Nebraska. Is there enough local demand? Finally, given that Nebraska’s weather is dramatically different than the Pacific Northwest, can hops flourish there? The research begins by assessing all costs associated with a starting a three acre hops operation. Estimated yield and income is projected for ten years to establish cash flow. Instances of hail, wind and tornados for Clay County Nebraska for the years 2006-2016 were calculated to determine a probability of those weather events occurring. The probability was then used to determine the effect it could have on yield of hops per year. In addition to cost of production, the study also documented the growth of Nebraska’s craft brew industry to establish demand for locally grown hops. The researched concluded that if production stayed constant and our discount rate at 5%, assuming prices remain where they are or higher, then it is economically feasible to grow hops in Nebraska. Wind, hail and tornadoes do pose a threat in the Midwest but their effect on yield is not enough to deter someone from planting hops there. Access to reliable capital to begin and sustain a hops operation appears to have a greater impact. In addition, Nebraska’s craft brew industry continues to expand rapidly suggesting a strong market for locally grown hops. This information is important for anyone who is considering planting a commercial hops yard. Given how expensive the start-up costs are and how labor intensive the crop is, this research can provide guidance to those seeking to add hops production to their new or existing farming operation.

Evidências científicas têm apontado para inúmeros benefícios do consumo baixo/moderado de cerveja sobre a saúde dos indivíduos. Uma recente meta-análise com mais de 290.000 pessoas confirma a redução no risco de doenças cardiovasculares tanto para o vinho, como também para a cerveja, desde que consumido em doses baixas ou moderadas. A essas substâncias têm se atribuído efeitos antioxidantes e anti-inflamatórios, bem como ações na função vascular. Uma vez que as doenças periodontais apresentam uma natureza infecto-inflamatória, é lícito supor que o consumo de cerveja possa trazer benefícios para os tecidos periodontais. Para isso, o presente estudo abordou de forma prospectiva a ação da cerveja rica ou não em lúpulo sobre a perda óssea alveolar (POA) em modelo animal. Para isso, 64 ratos Wistar machos com 60 dias foram utilizados, divididos em 8 grupos experimentais. Após a eutanásia, o padrão de destruição óssea foi avaliada morfometricamente nos diferentes grupos experimentais Para os grupos submetidos a indução de POA por meio de ligadura, menores médias de destruição periodontal foram encontradas nos grupos expostos a cerveja, especialmente no que se refere a face palatina (p<0.01) e a média de POA no dente (p<0.01). Já na comparação entre os grupos que não sofreram indução de POA, a média de destruição periodontal foi estatisticamente menor somente na face palatina do grupo que recebeu cerveja com alto teor de lúpulo (p=0.01), quando comparada ao controle. Além disso, os ratos expostos a cerveja com alto teor de lúpulo apresentaram uma menor ocorrência de periodontite quando comparado aos demais grupos experimentais. Concluiu-se que o consumo de cerveja enriquecida com lúpulo parece trazer um efeito protetor sobre a POA induzida ou não por meio de ligadura em modelo animal. Além disso, a presença de lúpulo na cerveja pode ser benéfica na diminuição da ocorrência de periodontite experimental. / Effects of a low/moderate consumption of beer on human health has been reported. A recent meta-analysis confirms an important reduction in cardiovascular risk as much for wine as for a beer. Vascular improvement and antioxidant/anti-inflammatory effects should be related with this point. Periodontal diseases have an infectious-inflammatory nature. Therefore, beer consumption can benefits the periodontal health. For that, the aim of the present study was assessed the effect of beer enriched with hops on alveolar bone loss (ABL) in animal model. Sixty-four, 60-days-old, male Wistar rats in 8 experimental groups were stratified. After euthanasia, the ABL in the different experimental groups was evaluated. The groups that were not ligature-induced presented less ABL in beer group, especially regarding the palatal face (p <0.01) and mean of ABL in the tooth (p <0.01). In the comparison between groups that did not undergo ABL induction by ligature, mean periodontal destruction was statistically lower in the group that received beer with high hops concentration (p = 0.01) when compared to control group. In addition, the rats that were exposed to beer with high hops concentration to experienced less occurrence of periodontitis than others groups. It can be concluded that the consumption of beer enriched with hops seems protect to ABL induced or not by ligature. In addition, lower occurrence of experimental periodontitis was experienced in the enriched hops beer group.