Diplomová práce se zabývá problematikou užívání ženské hormonální antikoncepce z perspektivy mužů jakožto jejich partnerů. V teoretické části podává ucelený obraz o expertním i veřejném diskurzu a základních argumentech souvisejících s problematikou v odborné literatuře. Analytická část je konstruovaná prostřednictvím polostrukturovaných rozhovorů s vybranými respondenty, kteří svými odpověďmi vykreslují podobu této problematiky z mužské perspektivy. Jejich výpovědi jsou průběžně analyzované genderovou optikou. Diplomová práce volně navazuje na předchozí práce, zabývající se sociálními aspekty užívání hormonální antikoncepce z pohledu žen. ABSTRACT This diploma thesis deals with the problematics concerning the female usage of hormonal contraception from the perspective of their male partners. In the theoretical part, the thesis describes the basic assertions, expert as well as public discourse linked with the problematics represented in professional literature. The analytical part is built on semi-constructed interviews with selected respondents. The interviews are drafted to illustrate the male conception of the problematics. Their answers from the interviews are analysed one by one through the views on gender. The thesis loosely follows previous theses describing social aspects of the usage of...

Theoretical part of the thesis is a scientific research of latest articles about frozen shoulder syndrome with accent to immunohistochemical level. At the same time, based on scientific literature it aims to clarify and statistically prove multifactorial causes of this syndrome especially in women going through hormonal changes. Psychosocial factors are also taken into account in this study and examined by unique questionnaire that was made expressly for this thesis. The questionnaire originates from internationally accepted clinimetrics such as VAS, SPADI, DASH score and most importantly SF-36. The theoretical research part also consists of "Therapy" chapter which describes latest trending treatment method for this condition. Experimental part, which consists of few case reports, focuses on a group of female patients who underwent range of motion measurement including functional testing of the affected limb. Next step followed was consecutive twelve minutes exercise on bicycle. They were controlled not to cross over anaerobic threshold. Level of exercise was controlled by predicted heart rate and estimation of the threshold by basic calculation and also by subjective Borg's scale of effort determined by the patient. After the bicycle exercise the range of motion was measured again and compared to the...

<p>Glavni problem u lečenju karcinoma dojke je kako na osnovu kliničke klasifikacije i morfolo&scaron;kih osobina tumora predvideti njegovo dalje pona&scaron;anje. Vrlo često ni kombinacija standardnih prognostičkih faktora ne daje odgovor o potrebi davanja adjuvantne hemioterapije. U cilju sprovođenja adekvatne dalje terapije karcinoma dojke i otkrivanja agresivnih tipova tumora, a nakon hirur&scaron;kog lečenja, postoji stalna potreba za pronalaženjem novih pokazatelja pomoću kojih bi se identifikovale bolesnice koje imaju povećan rizik od razvoja relapsa bolesti. Ciljevi ove studije su bili da se odredi učestalost ekspresije androgenih receptora (AR) u infiltrativnom duktalnom karcinomu dojke. Da se utvrdi povezanost ekspresije AR i kliničko-patolo&scaron;kih prognostičkih faktora u infiltrativnom duktalnom karcinomu dojke. Odnos ekspresije AR i ekspresije estrogen receptora (ER), progesteron receptora (PR) i humanog epidermalnog faktora rasta (HER-2). Da se proceni povezanosti pozitivne ekspresije AR, kao i odnosa AR/ER, sa odgovorom na primenjenu hormonsku terapiju kod ER pozitivnih bolesnica. Da se proceni povezanost ekspresije AR, kao i odnosa AR/ER, sa kliničkim tokom bolesti: pojavom recidiva, metastaza, kao i smrtnim ishodom u toku petogodi&scaron;njeg perioda praćenja pacijentkinja. Istraživanjem je obuhvaćeno oko 200 pacijentkinja obolelih od infiltrativnog duktalnog karcinoma dojke, koje su operisane na Institutu za onkologiju Vojvodine u periodu 2010-2012. godine. Pacijentkinje su odabrane metodom slučajnog izbora. Ne postoji statistički značajna razlika između kliničko patololo&scaron;kih faktora i ekspresije androgenih receptora. Kod pacijentkinja sa infiltrativnim duktalnih karcinomom dojke koje su ER-/AR+ nije pokazana statistički značajna razlika u HER2 proteinskoj ekspresiji. Učestalost receptora za progesteron, estrogen, HER2, Ki-67, tripl negativne ćelija ne karakteri&scaron;u prisustvo androgenskih receptora Nije dokazana statistička značajnost za prvi i drugi stadijum bolesti duktalnog invazivnog karcinoma dojke kada se uzme u obzir kraće vreme preživljavanja kod pacijentkinja koje su primale hormonoterapiju. Statistički značajno kraće vreme preživljavanja pokazano je za treći stadijum bolesti kod pacijentkinja koje su AR i ER (&ge; 2) u odnosu na pacijentkinje kod kojih je odnos AR/ER &lt; 2, čime je za treći stadijum bolesti dokazana inicijalna hipoteza . Analize u prikazanom istraživanju nisu pokazale statističku značajnost kada se porede učestalost relapsa i smrtnog ishoda kada se posmatraju pacijentkinje sa AR pozitivnim i AR negativnim infiltrativnim duktalnim karcinomom dojke. Pokazana je statistički značajna razlika u učestalosti smrtnog ishoda između pacijenatkinja koje su lečene i inhibitorima aromataze i tamoksifenom. Zaključci ove studije bi mogli biti osnova za preporuku da se utvrđivanje ekspresije AR kod karcinoma dojke uvrsti u rutinsku praksu i sadržaj patohistolo&scaron;kog nalaza. Određivanje odnosa ekspresije AR i ER u grupi ER pozitivnih bolesnica moglo bi poslužiti kao vodič za primenu konvencionalne hormonske terapije ili, s druge strane, preporuka za terapiju antiandrogenima, sa ciljem da se izborom novih terapijskih modaliteta pobolj&scaron;a efikasnost lečenja bolesnica sa karcinomom dojke.</p> / <p>The main problem in the treatment of breast cancer is how to predict its future behavior based on the clinical classification and morphological characteristics of the tumor. Very often even a combination of standard prognostic factors does not answer the need for adjuvant chemotherapy. In order to conduct adequate further breast cancer therapy and to detect aggressive tumor types, and following surgical treatment, there is a continuing need to find new indicators to identify patients at increased risk of relapse. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency of androgen receptor (AR) expression in infiltrative ductal breast cancer. To determine the association between AR expression and clinical-pathological prognostic factors in infiltrative ductal breast cancer. Relationship between AR expression and expression of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor (HER-2). To evaluate the association of positive AR expression, as well as the AR / ER ratio, with response to hormone therapy in ER positive patients. To evaluate the association of AR expression, as well as the relationship of AR / ER, with the clinical course of the disease: onset of relapse, metastasis, as well as fatal outcome during the 5-year follow-up period. The study included about 200 patients suffering from infiltrative ductal breast cancer, operated on at the Institute of Oncology of Vojvodina in the period 2010-2012. years. Patients were selected by random selection. The results there is no statistically significant difference between clinically pathologic factors and androgen receptor expression. No statistically significant difference in HER2 protein expression was shown in patients with infiltrative ductal breast cancer who are ER- / AR +. The frequency of progesterone receptors, estrogen, HER2, Ki-67, tripl negative cells do not characterize the presence of androgen receptors. No statistical significance was demonstrated for the first and second stages of ductal invasive breast cancer when considering shorter survival times in patients receiving hormone therapy. A statistically significant shorter survival time was shown for the third stage of disease in patients with AR and ER (&ge; 2) compared to patients with an AR / ER ratio of &lt;2, thus proving an initial hypothesis for the third stage of disease. The analyzes in the study presented showed no statistical significance when comparing the incidence of relapse and death when looking at patients with AR positive and AR negative infiltrative ductal breast cancer. There was a statistically significant difference in the incidence of death between patients treated with both aromatase inhibitors and tamoxifen. Conclusions of this study could be the basis for recommending that the determination of AR expression in breast cancer be incorporated into the routine practice and content of pathohistological findings. Determining the ratio of AR and ER expression in a group of ER-positive patients could serve as a guide for the administration of conventional hormone therapy or, on the other hand, a recommendation for anti-androgen therapy, with the aim of improving the effectiveness of breast cancer treatment in the choice of new therapeutic modalities.</p>

The proposed thesis is comprised of eleven papers connected by the employment of the evolutionary psychological approach in research on various aspects of human sexuality. The aim of the first monothematic part is to demonstrate the evolutionary-psychological approach to one recent phenomenon in female sexuality - the use of oral contraceptives (OC). OC use has been shown to suppress psychological mechanisms that are considered to be adaptive in the fertile period of the natural menstrual cycle. In particular, OC users' ratings of male stimuli that provide the cues of genetic quality and compatibility are lower in comparison with normally cycling women. Moreover, the increase in sexual desire and in the prevalence of proceptive behaviour observed during mid-cycle in normally cycling women is diminished. However, the impact of this phenomenon on mate-choice and relationship dynamics in an ecological context has not been studied. In the first study, we have analyzed the data of Czech women obtained via representative sampling within the Czech National Survey of Sexual Behavior. Results indicated that normally cycling women had a significantly higher number of one-night stands during the last year in comparison to OC users even when living in a long-term relationship. OC usage was also shown to have...

Analysis of spontaneous adverse drug reactions reporting hormonal contraception and hormone replacement therapy Author: Vendula Ryndová Supervisor: PharmDr. Kateřina Malá, Ph.D. Consultant: PharmDr. Eva Zimčíková, Ph.D. Department of Social and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Králové, Charles University Introduction: Hormonal contraception (HC) is the most widely used method to prevent pregnancy worldwide. In addition to pregnancy planning and other non-contraceptional benefits, it also has certain risks. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is used primarily for treatment of estrogen deficiency in postmenopausal women. HRT is associated with a number of risks, in particularly for women 60+ of age. Analysis of spontaneous adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reporting contribute to detection of potential risks associated with pharmacotherapy, thereby increases the safety of the drugs. Aim: The aim of this thesis was to analyse spontaneous ADRs reports of HC and HRT registered in the Czech Central Database of ADRs of the State Institute for Drug Control (SÚKL). Methods: Retrospective analysis of the spontaneous ADRs reports of HC and HRT registered in the database of SÚKL from 10/2004 to 6/2017. Mainly, method of receiving the report, reporting person, patient information, seriousness, and...

The main topic of this thesis is investigation of partner preferences and sexual behavior of female-to-male transsexuals. Number of previous studies showed that on average several partner preferences differ between men and women, and our goal was to determine if these preferences vary in female-to-male transsexuals during the process of sex change. The process of sex change includes intensive exposures to external levels of sex hormones, psychological therapy, and the transformation of their social role and overall life changes. Based on reviewe of the the scientific literature dealing with transsexuality, partner preferences and the potential impact of hormone therapy on sexually dimorphic traits, we developed a questionnaire focusing on partner preference and behavior. We obtained data from 36 heterosexual men transsexual female -to -male (i.e., sexual orientation focused on women) who were divided into three groups according to whether they were prior hormonal therapy (N = 11), whether have already started hormone therapy sex but not yet surgical change ( N = 11) and whether they were already after hormonal and surgical gender conversion (N = 14). In addition, we obtained data from 16 heterosexual non-transsexual men as a control group. Based on my previous bachelor research and literature...

Introduction: Breast cancer is the second highest cause of cancer mortality in women worldwide. Hormonal therapy is considered one of the most effective therapies and is used against luminal-type malignancies. However, 40-50% of tumour cells can develop resistance, thereby limiting the success in breast cancer treatment. In this study, mechanisms of resistance were investigated using a novel multi-stable isotope labelled amino acids (SILAC) proteomics approach in phenotype-specific breast cancer cell lines resistant to endocrine treatment. Method: In vitro chemo-sensitivity (IC50) was determined for MCF7, T47D, MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-468, MDA-MB-453, BT-20 and MCF-10A breast cell lines using four endocrine-based therapeutic agents (Tamoxifen, 4-Hydroxytamoxifen OHT, Raloxifene, Anastrozole) to select viable strains for resistance studies. MCF7 (luminal-type A) and MDA-MB-231 (triple negative breast cancer, TNBC) were selected and initially subject to OHT or raloxifene exposure with gradual increments for 10 months. WT cells were grown in the absence of drug in parallel as passage controls. Resistant cell lines were assessed by MTT and IF for comparison with parental cell lines. Resistant cell lines, along with the passage control and a SILAC control, were grown in “light” SILAC medium together with WT strains cultured in “heavy” SILAC medium. Proteins were extracted, concentrations determined and analysed by SDS PAGE for quality control. An aliquot of each “light” cell line (resistant, passage control or SILAC control) was combined with an equal amount of “heavy” WT, trypsin digested and analysed by nano-HPLC Orbitrap Fusion mass spectrometry (2D-LC MS/MS). Proteins were identified by database searching using MascotTM. Relative changes (resistant/WT ratio) in protein levels were determined and bioinformatics tools (STRING and UniProt) used to explore significantly changed pathways associated with resistance. Western blotting was used to verify selected target proteins. Results: Four consistently resistant sublines were generated MCF7 OHT Res (2.00-fold more resistant), MCF7 Ralx Res (2.00-fold), MDA-MB-231 OHT Res (1.90-fold change) and MDA-MB-231 Ralx Res (2.00-fold), in addition to two high passage controls. ER expression by IF was decreased in MCF7 OHT Res compared to the WT and MCF7 Ralx Res, whereas CD44 was increased. Proteomic analysis revealed 2247 and 2880 total proteins in MCF7 OHT Res and MCF7 Ralx Res whilst 3471 and 3495 total proteins were identified in MDA-MB-231 OHT Res and MDA-MB-231 Ralx Res, respectively. Bioinformatics tools identified significantly changed pathways included apoptosis, cytoskeleton, cell motility and redox cell homeostasis. Components of the MAPK-signalling cascade were consistently found to be upregulated in resistant cell lines. MAPK1 (ERK2), previously associated with tamoxifen resistance was increased in MDA-MB-231 Ralx Res cell lines by 4.45-fold and confirmed by Western blotting. Sorcin, which contributes to calcium homeostasis and is also linked to multidrug resistance was increased 4.11- and 2.35-fold in MCF7 OHT Res and Ralx Res sub cell lines, respectively. Some results, such as those for c-Jun, were inconsistent between proteomic analysis and Western blotting and require further investigation. Conclusion: The unique resistant cell lines generated here, as well the MCF7 OHT resistant line, provided novel data that give insights into the biological pathways involved in mechanisms of endocrine drug resistance in breast cancer. Proteomics analysis provided extensive data on common functionality and pathways across the resistant cell lines independent of phenotype or SERM. Overall, the results provided interesting targets for re-sensitising resistant breast cancer and the potential to investigate novel combination therapies in the future. / Al-Ahliyya Amman University scholaships

Genus, kön och sexualitet präglar oss från dagen vi föds och föreställningarna om hur en individ bör bete sig konstruerar människor i den sociala sfären. Den svenska marknaden för kvinnliga preventivmedel har vuxit sig stor med åren och majoriteten av unga kvinnor använder idag hormonella preventivmedel. Användningen riskerar att leda till biverkningar som påverkar hälsan samtidigt som den stora marknaden skapat förväntningar om att kvinnor i heterosexuella relationer bör ta ansvaret över preventivmedel. Syftet med denna kvalitativa intervjustudie var att skapa en djupare förståelse av unga kvinnors upplevelser av hormonella preventivmedel i en heterosexuell relation samt att utforska hur samhällets konstruktion av genus och sexualitet påverkar deras beslutsfattande kring preventivmedel. Genom en socialpsykologisk ansats studerades detta genom teorier om subjektiv hälsa, genusteori med fokus på heteronormativitet, genusidentitet, genusroll, sexualitet samt social påverkan. Elva stycken semistrukturerade intervjuer med unga kvinnor genomfördes. Resultatet visade att kvinnors insikter om den egna hälsan i relation till användningen av hormonella preventivmedel kommer med åldern. Hormonella preventivmedel kan även leda till både positiva och negativa effekter på hälsan. Normer i sjukvården och normer från sexuella partners har ofta en inverkan på beslutsfattandet kring hormonella preventivmedel. Till sist kan beslutsfattandet påverkas av kvinnliga ideal, normer från omgivningen samt viljan att upprätthålla förväntningar om den kvinnliga sexualiteten. / Gender, sex and sexuality marks us from the day we are born and conceptions about how an individual should behave construct people in the social sphere. The Swedish market for female contraception has grown over the years and the majority of women today use hormonal contraceptives. The use of contraceptives risks leading to side effects that affect health, simultaneously, market availability creates expectations that women in heterosexual relationships should take responsibility for contraception. The aim of this qualitative interview study is to create a deeper understanding of young women's experience of hormonal contraceptives in a heterosexual relationship and to explore how society's construction of gender and sexuality affects their decision-making regarding contraceptives. Through a social psychological approach, this is examined through theories of subjective health, gender theory with focus on heteronormativity, gender identity and gender role, sexuality and social influence. Eleven semi-structured interviews with young women were conducted. The results showed that women’s perspectives on their own health in relation to the use of hormonal contraceptives comes with age. Hormonal contraceptives can also lead to both positive and negative effects on health. Norms in healthcare and norms from sexeual partners often have an impact on decision-making around hormonal contraceptives. Finally, decision-making can be influenced by female ideals, norms from the environment and the desire to maintain expectations about female sexuality.

Este estudio aborda la acción del fruto como órgano de control del desarrollo del árbol frutal en el níspero japonés (Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb) Lindl.). Para ello se establecieron 4 niveles de comparación: dos cultivares, "Algerie" y "Piera", el primero con un comportamiento típico en Clima Mediterráneo, el segundo de brotación, floración, fructificación y maduración recurrentes a lo largo del año; árboles jóvenes (3 años de edad), cultivados en maceta, capaces de florecer y fructificar adecuadamente; árboles adultos en cultivo con frutos y sin ellos, eliminados en sus primeras fases de desarrollo; brotes con panícula, brotes sin ella y brotes con ésta aislada temporalmente mediante un anillado en su base. Se evaluó la brotación y la floración, el desarrollo radicular, el desarrollo del fruto, y el contenido nutricional, carbohidratos de transporte, consumo y de reserva, fracciones nitrogenadas, N-NO3; N-NH4* y N-proteico, y el contenido hormonal, AIA, ABA y zeatina, en los diferentes órganos de la planta. Los resultados indican que el árbol no inicia la brotación hasta que el fruto es recolectado y que su ausencia acelera el desborre de las yemas y el posterior desarrollo de los brotes y promueve la floración. Del mismo modo, la presencia del fruto restringe severamente el crecimiento radicular y, con ello, el aporte de hormonas a la parte aérea de la planta. Se demuestra, asimismo, que el fruto controla su propio desarrollo a través de un fenómeno de competencia nutricional con el resto de frutos de la panícula y que, a través de su interacción con el desarrollo del resto de órganos de crecimiento activo del árbol, controla el proceso de su maduración. El resultado final es que 1) la actividad fotosintética está modulada por la demanda del principal sumidero de la planta, el fruto, y que ésta, en gran medida, está regulada por la semilla que cuando completa su crecimiento cesa la demanda de carbohidratos por parte de éste; 2) la floración está controlada por el fruto, que restringe significativamente la brotación anticipada de las yemas axilares e inhibe la formación de flores en éstas panículas y en las principales; 3) el crecimiento y la actividad de las raíces se ralentizan marcadamente cuando el fruto alcanza su máximo tamaño, lo que queda demostrado por la reducción de su longitud, el descenso en la densidad de puntos mitóticos de sus tricloblastos, la reducción del transporte de azúcares desde las hojas, medido a través de la exposición de éstas a una atmósfera de 13C, la reducción del transporte desde las raíces al fruto, determinado por la acumulación de almidón y la fracción N-NH4 + , y la drástica reducción de la síntesis y transporte hormonal desde la raíz a la copa y los frutos, y 4) la acumulación de carbohidratos, junto con la reducción de la concentración de N-NH4 + y de zeatina, facilitan la maduración del fruto que es, de este modo, controlada por su propia actividad. / Reig Valor, C. (2010). La acción del fruto en el control del desarrollo del níspero japonés (Eriobotrya Japonica Lindl.) [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/9040

Tesis por compendio / [ES] Como precursores de las semillas, los óvulos representan un órgano fundamental durante el ciclo de vida de las plantas. Debido a su importancia, el desarrollo del óvulo ha sido estudiado durante décadas desde un punto de vista morfológico y molecular, lo que ha permitido dilucidar la compleja e intrincada red de regulación genética que lo rige. En concreto, la iniciación del óvulo está controlada por las hormonas vegetales auxinas, citoquininas y brasinoesteroides (BRs), siendo todas ellas reguladoras positivas del número de óvulos. Recientemente demostramos que las giberelinas (GAs) modulan negativamente el número de óvulos mediante la desestabilización de las proteínas DELLA. Sin embargo, aún debe aclararse cómo encajan las GAs y las proteínas DELLA en el modelo regulador de la iniciación de los óvulos. El trabajo presentado en esta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo aclarar el mecanismo molecular por el cual las GAs actúan en la iniciación del óvulo. Después de una introducción general, en el Capítulo 1 mostramos que tanto las GAs como los BRs regulan el número de óvulos en Arabidopsis independientemente de los niveles de actividad de la otra hormona, lo que sugiere que las GAs y los BRs actúan de forma independiente para controlar la iniciación del óvulo. En el Capítulo 2 proporcionamos evidencias genéticas y moleculares que apuntan a que las proteínas DELLA participan en la iniciación de los óvulos mediante su interacción con el factor de transcripción CUC2 en las células placentarias. En conjunto, los hallazgos presentados aquí nos han permitido integrar a las GAs y proteínas DELLA en la red genética que guía el inicio de los primordios de óvulos. Una discusión final destaca las preguntas abiertas que aún deben abordarse para comprender completamente el control hormonal de la iniciación de los óvulos en las plantas. / [CAT] Com a precursors de les llavors, els òvuls representen un òrgan fonamental durant el cicle de vida de les plantes. A causa de la seva importància, el desenvolupament de l'òvul ha estat estudiat durant dècades des d'un punt de vista morfològic i molecular, el que ha permès dilucidar la complexa i intricada xarxa de regulació genètica que el regeix. En concret, la iniciació del òvul està controlada per les hormones vegetals auxines, citoquinines i brasinoesteroides (BRs), sent totes elles reguladores positives del nombre d'òvuls. Recentment demostrem que les gibberel·lines (GAs) modulen negativament el nombre d'òvuls mitjançant la desestabilització de les proteïnes DELLA. No obstant, encara s'ha d'aclarir com encaixen les GAs i les proteïnes DELLA al model regulador de la iniciació dels òvuls. El treball presentat en aquesta tesi doctoral té com a objectiu aclarir el mecanisme molecular pel qual les GAs actuen a la iniciació de l'òvul. Després d'una introducció general, al Capítol 1 mostrem que tant les GAs com els BRs regulen el nombre d'òvuls a Arabidopsis independentment dels nivells d'activitat de l'altra hormona, cosa que suggereix que les GAs i els BRs actuen de forma independent per controlar la iniciació de l'òvul. Al Capítol 2 proporcionem evidències genètiques i moleculars que apunten que les proteïnes DELLA participen en la iniciació dels òvuls mitjançant la seva interacció amb el factor de transcripció CUC2 a les cèl·lules placentàries. En conjunt, els descobriments presentats ací ens han permès integrar les GAs i proteïnes DELLA a la xarxa genètica que guia l'inici dels primordis d'òvuls. Una discussió final destaca les preguntes obertes que encara cal abordar per comprendre completament el control hormonal de la iniciació dels òvuls a les plantes. / [EN] As precursors of seeds, ovules represent a fundamental organ during the plant life cycle. Due to their importance, ovule development has been studied for decades from a morphological and molecular point of view, allowing the elucidation of a complex and intricate gene regulatory network governing it. Specifically, ovule initiation is controlled by the plant hormones auxins, cytokinins and brassinosteroids (BRs), all of them being positive regulators of ovule number. Recently, we demonstrated that gibberellins (GAs) negatively module ovule number by the destabilization of DELLA proteins. However, how GAs and DELLA proteins fit in the regulatory model for ovule initiation still needs to be clarified. The work presented in this PhD thesis aims to clarify the molecular mechanism by which GAs act in ovule initiation. After a comprehensive introduction, we show in Chapter 1 that both GAs and BRs regulate ovule number in Arabidopsis regardless of the activity levels of the other hormone, suggesting that GAs and BRs act independently to control ovule initiation. In Chapter 2 we provide genetic and molecular evidence pointing to DELLA proteins participating in ovule initiation by the interaction with the CUC2 transcription factor in placental cells. Collectively, the findings presented here allowed us to integrate GAs and DELLA proteins in the gene regulatory network guiding ovule primordia initiation. A final discussion highlights open questions that still need to be addressed to fully understand the hormonal control of ovule initiation in plants. / La realización de esta Tesis Doctoral ha sido posible gracias a un contrato para la Formación de Personal Investigador de la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia (durante un año y medio) y a un contrato para la Formación de Profesorado Universitario (FPU18/00331) del Ministerio de Universidades (durante dos años y medio). Las estancias breves en Chile y Francia fueron posible gracias a la financiación H2020-MSCA-RISE-2014 y a una ayuda EMBO Short-Term (STF 8961), respectivamente. El trabajo experimental ha sido financiado por los proyectos BIO2017-83138-R y PID2020-113920RB-100 del Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y AICO/2020/256 de la Generalitat Valenciana. / Barro Trastoy, D. (2022). Gibberellins and ovule number: a molecular mechanism [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/187756 / Compendio