No description available.

In this project, a novel human friendly mobile robot navigation controller is investigated. By applying this controller, the mobile robot is able to work in a complicated environment with several humans and other obstacles avoiding them before a collision happens. This robot will have a preference in avoiding humans over other obstacles keeping human safety as its first consideration. To achieve this goal, three problems have to be solved. The first one is the robot should be able to “see” the environment and distinguish the human and the obstacles. The functions of human sensor and sonar sensor are presented. A new sensor fusion method for combining the information collected by these two sorts of sensors based on Dempster-Shafer evidence theory is also proposed. By using the sensor fusion method, the robot will have a better view of human. The second problem is the robot has to know how to avoid collision. A new navigation algorithm, based on an improved velocity potential field method, is then described. The way of calculating the distances of avoidance based on different kinds of obstacles is presented as well. The last problem is how to make the mobile robot put human as its first priority when avoiding collision. A summary of the methods which are used to protect human is mentioned. According to the simulation and the experimental results, the new mobile robot navigation controller successfully led the robot avoid collisions in complicated situations and always put human safety as its first consideration.

No description available.

Due to the rapid development in electronics and radio communication systems, modern technologies are implemented to improve the safety and security of workplaces in order to save field service engineers lives and their health. In this thesis, an automated safety suit was implemented with integrated sensors for monitoring the safety of field service engineers. The basic idea of the prototype is to ensure safety for the field service engineers who are working in adverse environmental conditions. This safety suit includes embedded devices which can communicate with mobile devices and by means of that provides aid for the people working in several fields such as confined spaces, high altitudes etc. In this prototype, a different type of sensors are proposed for monitoring environmental and health conditions like temperature, CO gas levels, relative humidity, body temperature and heartbeat. A mobile application is proposed to monitor and control the automated safety suit, which also identifies the environmental changes and provide prompt alerts to the user. Keeping the usage of automated safety suit in mind, the system is designed in a user friendly manner and all the key elements are considered and implemented accordingly for the requirements of service engineers who are working in confined spaces and hazardous places.

The aim of this thesis is to find out the financial gain of the integrated system of management quality, human safety and environment by the valuation of the company. My thesis includes the evaluation of the efficiency of integrated system of management quality, human safety and environment and after that there is included the valuation of the company in two versions. The first version reflects the real situation, the company has implemented the integrated system of management quality, human safety and environment. The second version reflects the hypothetical situation, in this settings the company wouldn't have the integrated system. The difference between these two valuation is the financial gain of this system.

O objetivo central desta tese é o de analisar a participação de Organizações Não Governamentais (ONGs) internacionais nas políticas e práticas do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas (CSNU) voltadas às agendas temáticas Crianças e Mulheres. Com base no estudo de duas coalizões, Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict e NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security, busca-se examinar o panorama político e normativo que condiciona a atuação das ONGs, bem como as estratégias específicas utilizadas por elas para adentrar no domínio de paz e segurança internacionais. Pretende-se discutir se as ONGs estão presentes nas discussões do órgão e, caso afirmativo, em que medida suas estratégias influenciam as decisões estatais. A metodologia empregada foi a análise dos documentos divulgados pelas coalizões e das resoluções aprovadas pelo CSNU. Além disso, foram realizadas entrevistas com funcionários das coalizões e das missões estatais para entender como funcionam as relações entre as ONGs e o CSNU. A partir das perguntas de pesquisa e da metodologia empregada, o estudo discutiu proposições teóricas sobre a possibilidade de os atores não estatais interferirem nas deliberações intergovernamentais. Sugere-se que o enquadramento das ideias e normas, a formação de coalizões e a mobilização por meio de redes de advocacia criam estímulos que aumentam as chances de os ativistas influenciarem as decisões dos Estados-membros do CSNU. As conclusões desta tese permitem considerar, de um lado, a participação das ONGs num espaço tradicionalmente fechado à sua presença e, de outro, o desenvolvimento do CSNU, com destaque às adaptações que viabilizaram uma maior aproximação com as ONGs. / The aim of this thesis is to analyze the participation of international Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in the policies of the United Nations Security Council on Children\'s and Women\'s issues. Based on the study of two coalitions, Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict and NGO Working Group on Women, Peace, and Security, it seeks to examine the political and normative framework that conditions the performance of NGOs. Furthermore, it looks at specific strategies used by them to enter into the field of international peace and security. The intention is to verify if NGOs are present in the discussions of this body and, if so, to what extent they influence state\'s decisions. From these research questions, the study discusses theoretical propositions about the possibility of non-state actors\' interference in intergovernmental deliberations. It suggests that framing of ideas and norms, the formation of coalitions and the mobilization through advocacy networks increase the likelihood of an impact on the decisions of member states. The conclusions allow us, firstly, to reflect upon the participation of NGOs in a space traditionally closed to their presence and, secondly, to visualize the development of the UNSC, highlighting some adaptations that led to a greater proximity with NGOs.

Roads can affect animal movement, dispersal and population aspects (i.e., increasing non-natural mortality) of wild species. Direct road mortality and the barrier effect of roads are typically identified as one of the greatest threats to wildlife. In addition, collisions with large mammals are also a threat to human safety and represent an economic cost to society. Road ecologists worldwide, have used available georeferenced locations of wildlife-vehicle collisions to determine spatial distribution patterns along and the outcomes demonstrates that wildlife-vehicle collisions are not at random, but they are spatially clustered for vertebrate species. Researcher also have used new modelling tools, such as the Species Distribution Modelling (SDM), to orient decision processes on biological conservation as predictive roadkill models (RPM) to determine variables (e.g. landscape, road design, road traffic), that could explain the collisions of specific species. I analyzed roadkill data from toll road companies in São Paulo state during 2005 to 2014. In Chapter 1, I investigated whether maintenance personnel from toll roads companies correctly identified the species of the roadkilled wild mammals on these roads. In Chapter 2, I estimated the roadkill numbers of wild medium and large sized mammals for paved roads (~6,500 km) in São Paulo, based on roadkill data from toll road companies. In Chapter 3, I used SDM approach to generate RPM for eight mammal species on all paved roads in São Paulo state, and I ran roadkill hotspot analysis to identify critical road sections for specific species or animal groups. In Chapter 4, I explored, for the first time in Brazil, the effects of animal-vehicle crashes on human safety on paved roads in São Paulo State, and I estimated the costs of these animal-vehicle crashes to society, and summarized the legal perspectives with regard to liability and associated financial compensation for animal-vehicle collisions. The chapters were specifically planned and designed to understand, in a broad perspective, the different implications related to mammal- vehicle collisions: biological conservation, human safety and economics. The outcomes from each chapter show practical recommendations so that environmental and transportation agencies in São Paulo state can work with planning and priority to reduce mammal-vehicle collisions. This should ultimately result in a road system with improved human safety, reduced unnatural mortality for both domestic and wild animal species, safe crossing opportunities for wildlife, and reduced monetary costs to society. / As rodovias e o tráfego podem afetar o movimento, a capacidade de dispersão dos indivíduos e aspectos populacionais (e.g. aumento de mortalidade não natural). A mortalidade direta causada por atropelamento e o efeito de barreira nas rodovias são tipicamente identificados como uma das maiores ameaças à vida selvagem. Além disso, as colisões com mamíferos de grande porte também são uma ameaça à segurança humana e representam um custo econômico para a sociedade. Os pesquisadores especializados em Ecologia de Estradas de todo o mundo utilizam locais georreferenciados das colisões envolvendo animais para compreender os padrões de distribuição espacial. Os resultados demonstram que as colisões envolvendo animais não são aleatórias, mas são espacialmente agrupadas para espécies de vertebrados. Os pesquisadores também usam novas ferramentas de modelagem, como a Modelagem de Distribuição de Espécie (MDE), para orientar processos de decisão sobre conservação biológica como modelagem preditiva de atropelamentos para determinar variáveis (por exemplo, paisagem, design de rodovias, volume de tráfego), que poderiam explicar os atropelamentos. Nesta tese, eu analisei dados sobre atropelamentos oriundos de diferentes concessionárias de rodovias no estado de São Paulo durante o período de 2005 à 2014. No Capítulo 1, investiguei se os inspetores de tráfego das concessionárias identificavam corretamente as espécies de mamíferos silvestres atropelados nessas rodovias. No Capítulo 2, eu estimei o número de atropelamentos de mamíferos silvestres de médio e grande porte para todas as rodovias pavimentadas em São Paulo, com base em dados de atropelamentos de concessionárias (~6.500 km). No Capítulo 3, usei a abordagem MDE para gerar modelos de predição de atropelamentos para oito espécies de mamíferos silvestres em todas as rodovias pavimentadas no estado de São Paulo, e executei análise de pontos críticos de atropelamentos para identificar seções críticas de rodovias para espécies específicas ou grupos de animais. No Capítulo 4, explorei, pela primeira vez no Brasil, os efeitos de acidentes envolvendo animais na segurança humana em rodovias pavimentadas no Estado de São Paulo, bem como calculei os custos desses acidentes para a sociedade e resumi as perspectivas legais em matéria de responsabilidade civil e compensação financeira associada às colisões envolvendo animais em rodovias. Os capítulos foram especificamente planejados e executados para entender, em uma perspectiva ampla, as diferentes implicações relacionadas às colisões envolvendo veículos- automotores e mamíferos em rodovias: i) conservação biológica, ii) segurança humana e, iii) economia. Os resultados de cada capítulo apresentam recomendações práticas para que as agências ambientais e de transporte no estado de São Paulo possam trabalhar com planejamento e prioridade para reduzir colisões envolvendo mamíferos. Isso deve resultar em um sistema rodoviário mais seguro para os usuários, com menores índices de mortalidade de animais, implementação de oportunidades seguras de travessias para a fauna e redução dos custos financeiros para a sociedade.

O objetivo central desta tese é o de analisar a participação de Organizações Não Governamentais (ONGs) internacionais nas políticas e práticas do Conselho de Segurança das Nações Unidas (CSNU) voltadas às agendas temáticas Crianças e Mulheres. Com base no estudo de duas coalizões, Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict e NGO Working Group on Women, Peace and Security, busca-se examinar o panorama político e normativo que condiciona a atuação das ONGs, bem como as estratégias específicas utilizadas por elas para adentrar no domínio de paz e segurança internacionais. Pretende-se discutir se as ONGs estão presentes nas discussões do órgão e, caso afirmativo, em que medida suas estratégias influenciam as decisões estatais. A metodologia empregada foi a análise dos documentos divulgados pelas coalizões e das resoluções aprovadas pelo CSNU. Além disso, foram realizadas entrevistas com funcionários das coalizões e das missões estatais para entender como funcionam as relações entre as ONGs e o CSNU. A partir das perguntas de pesquisa e da metodologia empregada, o estudo discutiu proposições teóricas sobre a possibilidade de os atores não estatais interferirem nas deliberações intergovernamentais. Sugere-se que o enquadramento das ideias e normas, a formação de coalizões e a mobilização por meio de redes de advocacia criam estímulos que aumentam as chances de os ativistas influenciarem as decisões dos Estados-membros do CSNU. As conclusões desta tese permitem considerar, de um lado, a participação das ONGs num espaço tradicionalmente fechado à sua presença e, de outro, o desenvolvimento do CSNU, com destaque às adaptações que viabilizaram uma maior aproximação com as ONGs. / The aim of this thesis is to analyze the participation of international Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) in the policies of the United Nations Security Council on Children\'s and Women\'s issues. Based on the study of two coalitions, Watchlist on Children and Armed Conflict and NGO Working Group on Women, Peace, and Security, it seeks to examine the political and normative framework that conditions the performance of NGOs. Furthermore, it looks at specific strategies used by them to enter into the field of international peace and security. The intention is to verify if NGOs are present in the discussions of this body and, if so, to what extent they influence state\'s decisions. From these research questions, the study discusses theoretical propositions about the possibility of non-state actors\' interference in intergovernmental deliberations. It suggests that framing of ideas and norms, the formation of coalitions and the mobilization through advocacy networks increase the likelihood of an impact on the decisions of member states. The conclusions allow us, firstly, to reflect upon the participation of NGOs in a space traditionally closed to their presence and, secondly, to visualize the development of the UNSC, highlighting some adaptations that led to a greater proximity with NGOs.

Eglise et Etat, ont en commun le même domaine d’action : le cadre de la société nationale et internationale. Ils ont pour mission la promotion du bien commun intégral de l’homme, de donner sens à la vie et de créer les conditions de l’épanouissement de la sécurité humaine. Pourtant, les politiques ont toujours tendance à s’affranchir du regard du religieux, à se couper de la source transcendante dont les religions sont les dépositaires. Dans les faits, cette séparation du religieux et du politique crée des situations complexes et conflictuelles. Le ré-enchantement de la religion dans les démocraties laïques, est la signature des rapports complexes, mais nécessaires entre le religieux et le politique. Ainsi donc, la frontière entre le temporel et le spirituel reste difficilement définissable; les alliances et les mésalliances du religieux et du politique influencent énormément les problématiques de sécurité et de paix. Alors quelles contributions la religion, en occurrence l’Eglise catholique, peut-elle apporter à la problématique de la sécurité et de la paix? Le pontificat de Jean-Paul II a initié pour la défense des droits de la personne humaine et de sa dignité un projet d’action à l’échelle de la planète. Ces multiples voyages où les dimensions religieuse et politique se répondent et s’imbriquent, ses nombreuses lettres encycliques, ses homélies, ses allocutions devant les représentants des instances internationales et ses prises de positions osées et audacieuses sont caractéristiques de l’exception Jean-Paul II dans un monde en quête de paix et de sécurité. Avec lui, la catholicité de l’Eglise s’est exprimée au quotidien et a dévoilé le caractère spécifique de sa mission de service de l’humanité et du salut en Jésus-Christ. En revendiquant les droits de l’homme pour tous, le pape met l’accent sur une catégorie de droits à la fois la plus universelle et la plus vilipendée dans les systèmes politiques en occurrence dans le marxisme. Jean-Paul II est crédité de politique d’intervention tous azimuts et de présence extrêmement diversifiée. Loin de conclure à un éparpillement désordonné, sa pensée est unifiée et axée sur l’homme comme valeur centrale et primordiale et comme point de focalisation de toutes ses attentions. / Church and State have the same field of action in common: the national and international setting. Their mission is to promote the common wellbeing of mankind, to give meaning to life and to create the proper environment for the fulfillment of human safety. However, politicians have always had the tendency to relieve themselves from the religious point of view, and to turn their back on the transcendental source which the religions safe keep. In fact, this separation of the religious and of the political creates complex and conflicting situations. The re enchantment of religion in secular democracies is the signature of complex but necessary relationships between the religious and the political. Thus, the boundary between worldly and spiritual matters remains hard to define; alliances and misalliances of the religious and the political greatly influence the security and peace problematic. So what contributions can the religion, in this instance the catholic Church, bring to the security and peace problematic?John Paul II pontificate initiated a world scale project in favor of the defense of human rights and dignity. His several trips during which the religious and political dimensions echo each others, his numerous encyclical letters, his homilies, his allocutions in front of representatives of international instances and his bold and daring opinions are characteristic of John Paul II exception in a world longing for peace and security. With him, the catholicity of the Church expressed itself daily and unveiled the specific character of its mission to serve humanity as well as of salvation through Jesus-Christ. By claiming human rights for all, the pope stresses a category of rights altogether the most universal and the most vilified in political systems, in this case Marxism. John-Paul II is credited of all-out interventionist political actions and of extremely diverse presence. Far from inferring a disorganized scattering, his mind is unified and centered around man as the central and foremost value and as the focal point of all his attentions.

No description available.