Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Periodista / Se trata de una tesis, no de una enciclopedia (que se quedaría corta o sería sinceramente innecesaria si nos mantenemos escépticos), por lo que trataremos una arista, un terreno familiar y doméstico de lo cómico: el humor gráfico en Chile, y aún más específicamente, el realizado durante estos últimos años, llamados ad usum delphini como de “transición a la democracia”. Y, cual teólogo negativo, cabe dar algunas señales sobre lo que este estudio no aborda. No son los cómics, que constituyen un soporte distinto al del humor dibujado, con un itinerario editorial y comercial diverso, y se prestarían para otra investigación a fondo. Para dar una rápida definición de la diferencia de estos oficios, se podría decir que el cómic equivale a la narrativa y el humor gráfico se sitúa al lado del periodismo de opinión e incluso a la poesía. El primero es más bien autónomo como publicación, el segundo se desarrolla habitualmente en medios que abarcan diversos temas. A pesar de ello, ciertas concesiones haremos al cruce de estilos, cuando la historieta, como extensión de la tira cómica, conjuga perfectamente el lenguaje del humor gráfico más o menos contingente o aún tangencialmente social, que es el caso de algunas manifestaciones que van a figurar en estos párrafos apelotonados. No es un recuento histórico del oficio, que se ha efectuado de manera más o menos acabada (incluso en tesis de alumnos de la Universidad de Chile), por lo que no hay sentido en repetirse. Sea como sea, hay un cuerpo institucional que deberá proseguir la lectura del documento, en aras de su apreciación. Sean ellos particularmente bienvenidos y loados por su sublime gusto, que sabrá valorar la obra que sigue en su merecida magnitud.

Bakgrund: Humor kan användas som verktyg inom vården, till exempel som ett verktyg för kommunikation mellan vårdpersonal och patient och för patientens stresshantering. Dock är det inte självklart hur detta görs. Syfte: Syftet är att belysa patienters erfarenheter av humor i vårdmötet. Metod: Litteraturstudie baserad på nio kvalitativa studier. Studierna har analyserats utifrån Fribergs (2018) femstegsmodell där kategorier och underkategorier identifierades. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i tre huvudkategorier och åtta underkategorier. Huvudkategorierna var: Livskvaliteten förbättras, Människor förs samman och Ger styrka. Konklusion: Humor kan leda till att patienters välmående ökar samt en bättre förmåga att hantera sjukdom. Det kan också verka relationsfrämjande och underlätta kommunikation mellan patienter och vårdpersonal. Att använda humor kräver dock eftertanke. / Background: Humor can be useful tool within healthcare, for example, as a tool for communication between caregivers and patients and to help the patient relieve stress. It is however not clear how it should be done. Aim: The purpose is to illustrate patients’ experiences of humor in healthcare. Methods: Literature study based on nine qualitative studies. The studies were analysed based on Fribergs’ five-stage model where categories and subcategories were identified. Result: The analysis resulted in three main categories and eight subcategories. The main categories were: Quality of life improves, People are brought closer to one another and Gives strength. Conclusion: Humor may lead to an increase in patients wellbeing and a greater ability to cope with disease. It can also strenghten relationships and ease communication between patients and healthcare staff. Using humor, however, requires reflection.

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The purpose of this qualitative study was to focus on the laughter-provoking events and situations that supported the teaching, learning, and relationships of 13 kindergarten children, one teacher, and one researcher in a public school classroom in Southwestern Virginia. This study drew on principles from portraiture, ethnography, and case studies, and primarily utilized observation, fieldnotes, informal interviews, and audiotape to document daily events and conversations. Discussion of the importance of laughter for these children, teacher, and researcher begins with three short case study portraits on different children, including how their varying personalities and interests prompted me to use laughter with them in varying ways. Next, the importance and meanings of laughter in the group is given focus, specifically the daily morning group where the entire class came together at once with the classroom teacher. Next, four themes that surfaced early in my research that were filled with laughter are portrayed, primarily how they demonstrated continuity throughout the semester. Then, the stimuli in the daily curriculum or discourse that were laughable are described, with specific focus on how laughter can be important to, or help facilitate learning. Last, I will summarize my findings to discuss the practical applications of laughter and humor for the teacher. / Ph. D.

Den ökade globaliseringen har resulterat i att många organisationer stiger in på denkonkurrenskraftiga internationella marknaden. Detta har influerat organisationer att spridaderas budskap globalt – oftast genom marknadsföring. Tv-reklam är en mediekanal som anseseffektiv när man tillämpar humor som en kommunikationsstrategi då den enligt tidigareforskning genererar högt medvetande hos konsumenterna. Dock, finns det ett behov av attbelysa de kulturella skillnaderna när reklamen riktas internationellt eftersom humor uppfattasolika beroende på kultur, vilken kan generera negativa effekter. Eftersom att de kulturellaskillnaderna i humoristisk reklam tenderar att bli bortsedda så fokuserar denna kvantitativestudie på att belysa dessa skillnader med hjälp av Hofstedes kulturdimensionsteori. Dennakvantitativa studie fokuserar därför på att belysa karaktärerna av de kulturella skillnaderna ihumoristisk reklam, genom att använda Hofstedes kulturdimensionsteori, eftersom de tenderaratt bli översedda. Länderna Sverige och Kina jämfördes genom att betona kulturen motreaktionerna gentemot de olika humorstilarna i tv-reklam kopplat till uppfattade känslor. Föratt kunna identifiera humortyperna, användes Rod Martins fyra humorstilar affiliative humor,self-enhancing humor, aggressive humor och self-defeating humor.Syftet med studien var att upplysa hur viktiga aspekterna av de kulturella skillnaderna är ihumoristisk reklam med betoning på kultur och hur känslor mottas i svensk och kinesiskkultur. Detta för att se hur humor kan tillämpas effektivt i reklam över internationella gränser.Enkäten utfördes på svenska och kinesiska universitetsstudenter vilket genererade i detinsamlade empiriska materialet. Resultatet visade att affiliative humor och aggressive humorapplicerad i reklamfilm tas emot likadant känslomässigt i både kinesisk och svensk kultur ochpåverkar även köpintentionerna på samma sätt. Medan, self-defeating humor och selfenhancinghumor tas känslomässigt emot likadant i båda kulturera, men de kinesiskakonsumenterna är mer villiga att köpa produkten. / The growth of globalization has resulted in more organizations entering the competitiveinternational market which has influenced organizations to disseminate their message globally- commonly through the use of advertising. Television commercial is a media channelconsidered to be highly effective if applied with humor as a communication strategy. Theeffectiveness of this strategy generates in high awareness according to previous studies.However, there is a need of highlighting the cross-cultural distinctions when promoting acrossinternational boarders as humor is perceived differently depending on culture, which cannegatively affect the results. As the cultural characteristics in this matter tend to beoverlooked, this quantitative research is focusing on highlighting the cross-culturalcharacteristics in humorous advertising, through the use of Hofstede’s framework of nationalculture. The countries Sweden and China were compared with emphasize on cultureassociated to the reaction toward different humor styles in television commercials linked toperceived emotions. For identifying the humor types, Rod Martin’s four humor stylesaffiliative humor, self-enhancing humor, aggressive humor, and self-defeating humor, wereused.The purpose of this research was to disseminate the importance of cross-cultural aspects inhumor advertising with emphasize on culture and how emotions are perceived in Swedish andChinese culture. The importance relied within how to effectively apply humor in commercialsover cross-cultural boundaries. The questionnaires were performed by Swedish and Chineseuniversity students that generated in the collection of the empirical chapter. The researchfindings indicated that affiliative humor and aggressive humor used in commercial is equallyperceived emotionally in both Chinese and Swedish culture and also affects the purchaseintention similarly. Whereas self-defeating humor and self-enhancing humor are emotionallyequally perceived in both cultures, but the Chinese consumers are more willing to purchasethe product.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-25T16:44:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao SERGIO RICARDO DUARTE.pdf: 277485 bytes, checksum: 22f8d869709f0d882eb4eb01fcf3fa97 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-04-10 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The purpose of the present paper is studying the influence of humour, as a personal trait as well as an organizational issue, on the quality of services in hotels. The research was developed with front desk employees, front desk supervisors and guests of three hotels in São Paulo city. Three issues take place in this paper: the diferent dimensions of humour; the hotel business peculiarities; and quality in hotel management. Primary conclusions lead to a relation among cheerfullness, job satisfaction and quality of services. The hotel with the best quality standard is the same as the one that holds the highest score in job satisfaction as well as in cheerfulness. It was also observed that according to the guests perception, the higher the cheerfulness score , the higher the quality standard. / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a influência do humor, tanto como característica de personalidade como o humor organizacional, na qualidade do atendimento hoteleiro. A pesquisa, de natureza exploratória, foi desenvolvida com funcionários de recepção e hóspedes de três empreendimentos hoteleiros na cidade de São Paulo. Três questões são discutidas nesse trabalho: as peculiaridades da hotelaria; as várias dimensões do humor; e a qualidade na hotelaria. As conclusões básicas apontam para uma relação entre bom humor, satisfação e qualidade, afinal o empreendimento com melhor resultado da qualidade é o mesmo que possui os maiores índices de bom humor e satisfação no trabalho. Também foi possível constatar que segundo a percepção dos hóspedes, quanto maior o índice de bom humor da equipe, maior é o índice de qualidade.

The majority of instructional communication literature has historically focused on the positive outcomes of incorporating humor into the classroom. However, despite the clearly documented instructional benefits of humorous communication, the literature tends to focus solely on instructor-enacted humor. However, humor is not a homogenous concept; therefore, it is imperative to examine it from a number of contexts, including student-enacted humor. Although the Instructional Humor Processing Theory (IHPT) has made a number of theoretical advances in exploring humorous communication in the classroom, it still lacks adequate explanatory power, particularly when examining student-enacted humor. Thus, four expansions to IHPT are proposed: to incorporate (a) the interpersonal attraction experienced toward the sender, (b) the humor orientation of the receiver, (c) the enacted humor style of the sender, and (d) the receiver’s perception of the classroom climate. Results indicate that the aforementioned expansions are theoretically pertinent to examining student-student humorous communication and warrant future research for inclusion to IHPT. The study also discovered sex differences regarding the message sender, along with interaction effects between the sex of the sender and receiver. Theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed, and directions for future research are provided.

The purpose of this study was to determine if using a humor program affected hospital oncology and osteology patients' recuperation times or use of pain medications. A quasi-experimental, retrospective study was designed. Thirty pairs of patients were identified from existing records at a hospital that has a comprehensive humor program. One patient in each pair had used the humor program, the other had not. Chi-square analysis on the demographic variables of race, marital status, smoking status and sex showed no significant association between humor usage and all variables except sex. No correlation was found between patient age and humor program use. Independent t-tests (a = 0.05) were performed on the duration of stay for treatment and control populations, for the oncology and the osteology groups. No statistically significant differences were found in either population. Two independent t-tests (a = 0.05) were performed to analyze pain medication usage. The first examined the differences in the mean percent of p.r.n. pain medications used. Neither population showed statistically significant differences. The second t-tests examined coded scores for changes in pain medication orders. Again, no statistically significant differences were found in either population. / Department of Physiology and Health Science