The bulk of the matrimonial property regimes operating in Botswana were inherited from the country's colonial past. Since independence there ha'> not been any realistic attempt to reform them. The thesis set out to appraisal the legal regimes governing the determination of matrimonial property on divorce to ascertain their efficacy in realising the legitimate aspiration of married couples. Comparisons were made with similar countries to determine how these have tackled problems relating to determination of matrimonial property on divorce. The study found that where there is a dispute about matrimonial property in marriages out of community, the courts have no discretion to readjust the rights of the parties. This situation adversely affect nonworking wives who spent most of their time looking after their husbands and children without being able to acquire capital assets. Recognition is not given to such domestic contribution to the welfare of the family. It was also found that the exercise of the marital power by husbands of marriages in community of property deprives wives of those marriages the right to administer the joint estate. The patriarchal nature of customary law, which governs the majority of disputes about matrimonial property, discriminates against women. Consequently, the following, inter alia, are suggested as reform measures. (a) The courts should be g1ven a wide discretionary power, circumscribed by statutory guidelines, to reallocate matrimonial property on divorce irrespective of the matrimonial property regime that governs the marriage. TI1e underlying principle should be equality of sharing but this may be departed from where the circumstances of the particular case warrant it (b) A spouse's domestic contribution towards the welfare of the family should be recognised. (c) The marital power of husbands should be abolished. (d) The provisions of the Matrimonial Causes Act should be made applicable to customary marriages. / Private Law / LL.D.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:59:02Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andrea de Barros.pdf: 695765 bytes, checksum: c4e065b020ab721c958ae27d0ddb0a15 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-03-28 / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / The present essay is constituted of an analisis of the theme of the construction of the doubt in Dostoevsky s The Eternal Husband (1870) and in Machado de Assis s Dom Casmurro (1899), following the concepts of polifony and dialogism, created by Mikhail Bakhtin. It is orientated by the following objectives: studying the dialogical relations between the emissor discourse (authors voice), the narrator and the characters, focusing their implications in the construction of the doubt in the romances of the corpus; investigating the forms through which the senses of the doubt are recreated in both narratives; analizing the logical procedures of the enounciation, by which José Dias guides Bentinho s discourse, as Trussotzki guides Vieltchaninov s discourse, studying the aplication of these procedures to the construction of the doubt in both romances; and, finally, contributing to the reflections about the literature of Machado de Assis and Dostoevsky, through a critical reading of the books in study. The research is orientated by the following hypothesis: José Dias acts as an aggregation to Bentinhos s conscience, in Dom Casmurro, and Trussotzki acts as an aggregation to Vieltchaninov s conscience, in The Eternal Husband. The metodological approach is the dialogical one, by which it is created a dialog among the romances. Otherwise, the manners and functions of this aggregation are specifically differents on each narratives. This study defends that, in the high level of dialogism of their romanesque speeches, Machado and Dostoevsky are pairs, and considers that, as Dostoevsky is the founder of the polyphonic romance and the greatest example of dialogism in the literary universe, Machado can be recognized as the precursor of the same genre in Brazilian Literature / Este trabalho constitui-se de uma análise do tema da construção da dúvida nos romances O Eterno Marido (1870) de Dostoiévski e Dom Casmurro (1899) de Machado de Assis, à luz da polifonia e do dialogismo, de Mikhail Bakhtin. Pauta-se pelos seguintes objetivos: estudar as relações dialógicas entre os discursos do emissor (voz autoral), do narrador e do destinatário (personagens) e suas implicações na construção da dúvida nos romances do corpus; investigar as formas por meio das quais os sentidos de conotação da dúvida e da suspeita do adultério são recriados nas duas narrativas; analisar os procedimentos lógicos da enunciação pelos quais a personagem José Dias orienta o discurso de Bentinho, à semelhança de como Trussótzki orienta o de Vieltchâninov, e estudar as implicações da aplicação desses procedimentos à construção da dúvida em ambos os romances; e, finalmente, contribuir para as reflexões sobre as escrituras de Machado de Assis e de Dostoiévski, a partir de uma leitura crítica das obras em estudo. A pesquisa orienta-se pela seguinte hipótese: José Dias atua como um agregado de consciência de Bentinho, em Dom Casmurro, e Trussótzki atua como agregado de consciência de Vieltchâninov, em O Eterno Marido. A metodologia aplicada é a dialógica, por meio da qual se estabelece um diálogo entre os romances. Entretanto, conclui-se que as formas e as funções desse agregamento se configuram de maneiras específicas e diferentes em cada narrativa. O estudo defende que, no alto grau de dialogismo de seus discursos romanescos, Machado e Dostoiévski se encontram como pares e considera que, assim como Dostoiévski é o fundador do romance polifônico e exemplo máximo de dialogismo no universo literário, segundo Bakhtin, Machado pode ser reconhecido como precursor, na Literatura Brasileira, deste mesmo gênero

The bulk of the matrimonial property regimes operating in Botswana were inherited from the country's colonial past. Since independence there ha'> not been any realistic attempt to reform them. The thesis set out to appraisal the legal regimes governing the determination of matrimonial property on divorce to ascertain their efficacy in realising the legitimate aspiration of married couples. Comparisons were made with similar countries to determine how these have tackled problems relating to determination of matrimonial property on divorce. The study found that where there is a dispute about matrimonial property in marriages out of community, the courts have no discretion to readjust the rights of the parties. This situation adversely affect nonworking wives who spent most of their time looking after their husbands and children without being able to acquire capital assets. Recognition is not given to such domestic contribution to the welfare of the family. It was also found that the exercise of the marital power by husbands of marriages in community of property deprives wives of those marriages the right to administer the joint estate. The patriarchal nature of customary law, which governs the majority of disputes about matrimonial property, discriminates against women. Consequently, the following, inter alia, are suggested as reform measures. (a) The courts should be g1ven a wide discretionary power, circumscribed by statutory guidelines, to reallocate matrimonial property on divorce irrespective of the matrimonial property regime that governs the marriage. TI1e underlying principle should be equality of sharing but this may be departed from where the circumstances of the particular case warrant it (b) A spouse's domestic contribution towards the welfare of the family should be recognised. (c) The marital power of husbands should be abolished. (d) The provisions of the Matrimonial Causes Act should be made applicable to customary marriages. / Private Law / LL.D.

Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial Psychology)

Towards the end of the 19th century, Wilde produced the three comedies that I will focus on in this essay. These plays, Lady Windermere’s Fan, A woman of No Importance and An Ideal Husband, are all comedies of manners: intelligent dramatic comedies satirising contemporary fashionable circles of society and its manners, as well as social expectations. This type of comedy is often represented by stereotypical characters, such as the fallen woman, the good woman and the young innocent maiden, all three of which I will investigate in this essay.

Bibliography: leaves105-117 / Summaries followed the Bibliography / The study investigates the abuse of husbands’ property by widows in the two selected isiZulu novels Ifa ngukufa and Ifa lenkululeko, which is found to have a huge impact on children and family members. The study presents the causes of the abuse of husbands’ property, the course of action of abusing husbands’ property and the consequences thereof. The content analytical approach has been used to analyse the two novels. The analysis reveals that some of the causes of the abuse of husbands’ property by widows are the widows’ carelessness, weakness, lack of respect, stress and laziness. In both literary texts, widows abuse their husbands’ property with their new lovers. As persons living in modern times, they do not respect the African cultural practices. They refuse to wear mourning clothes for their late husbands, as required by the African culture. Instead, they find new lovers within a few days of their husbands’ death, and invite them to stay in their husbands’ houses. The study highlights how easily some people, including widows, can be influenced by other peoples’ cultures. They do not respect their parents, children and the in-laws; and do not pay attention to the wellbeing of their children. When the money is depleted, the new lovers go back to their families. The study further reveals that, after the departure of the new lovers, the widows realise that they (new lovers) were not in love with them, but were after their properties. The presence of the new lovers in the widows’ lives has a negative effect on family members. Consequently, the relationship between the widows and the in-laws, parents and children suffers. The investigation is concluded by presenting recommendations that will help widows to avoid tricksters from robbing them of their property. The study is of great value to children who become the victims of circumstance. / Ucwaningo luphenya ngokuhlukunyezwa kwempahla yabayeni ngabafelokazi kumanoveli amabili akhethiwe esiZulu ethi Ifa ngukufa nethi Ifa lenkululeko, okutholakala ukuthi kunomthelela omkhulu ezinganeni nakumalungu omndeni. Ucwaningo luveza izimbangela zokuhlukunyezwa kwempahla yabayeni, isenzo sokwenza kabi impahla yabayeni nemiphumela yakhona. Indlela yokuhlaziya okuqukethwe isetshenziselwe ukuhlaziya lamanoveli amabili. Ukuhlaziywa kuveza ukuthi ezinye zezimbangela zokuhlukunyezwa kwempahla yabayeni ngabafelokazi ukunganaki kwabafelokazi, ubuthakathaka, ukungabi nenhlonipho, ingcindezi nobuvila. Kuyo yomibili imibhalo ebhaliwe, abafelokazi bahlukumeza impahla yabayeni babo namashende abo amasha. Njengabantu abaphila ezikhathini zanamuhla, abayihloniphi imikhuba yamasiko ase-Afrika. Bayenqaba ukugqoka izingubo zokuzila zabayeni babo abangasekho, njengoba kudingeka ngokwesiko lase-Afrika. Esikhundleni salokho, bathola amashende amasha ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ngemuva nje kokushona kwabayeni babo, futhi bagcine behlala nabo ezindlini zabayeni babo. Ucwaningo luqhakambisa ukuthi kulula kanjani ukuthi abanye abantu, kufaka phakathi nabafelokazi, bathonywe ngamasiko abanye abantu. Abahloniphi abazali babo, izingane kanye nabasemzini lapho bendele khona; futhi abanaki ngisho nenhlalakahle yezingane zabo. Lapho imali isiphelile, amashende abo amasha abuyela emindenini yabo. Ucwaningo luqhubeka ngokuveza ukuthi, ngemuva kokuhamba kwamashende abo amasha, abafelokazi bayabona ukuthi wona (amashende amasha) abengabathandi, kepha babelandela impahla yabo. Ukuba khona kwamashende amasha ezimpilweni zabafelokazi kunomthelela omubi kumalungu omndeni. Ngenxa yalokho, ubudlelwano phakathi kwabafelokazi nabasemzini, abazali nezingane buyaphazamiseka. Uphenyo luphethwa ngokwethula izincomo ezizosiza abafelokazi ukuthi bagweme abakhohlisi ekubaphuceni impahla yabo. Ucwaningo lubaluleke kakhulu ezinganeni eziba yizisulu zalezi zezimo. / Phuputso e batlisisa tshebediso e mpe ya thepa ya banna ke bahlolohadi dibukeng tse pedi tsa dipale tse kgethilweng tsa Sezulu Ifa ngukufa le Ifa lenkululeko, e eleng taba e fumanwang e na le tshusumetso e kgolo ho bana le ditho tsa malapa. Phuputso e hlahisa disosa tsa tshebediso e mpe ya thepa ya banna, mokgwa wa ho sebedisa ka tsela e mpe thepa ya banna le ditlamorao tsa teng. Mokgwa wa katamelo ya manollo ya dikateng o sebedisitswe ho manolla dipale tse pedi. Manollo e senola hore tse ding tsa disosa tsa tshebediso e mpe ya thepa ya banna ke bahlolohadi ke ho se tsotelle, bofokodi, ho hloka tlhompho, kgatello ya maikutlo le botswa. Ditemaneng tsa bongodi ka bobedi, bahlolohadi ba hlekefetsa thepa ya banna ba bona le baratuwa ba bona ba batjha. Jwalo ka batho ba phelang mehleng ya kajeno, ha ba hlomphe ditlwaelo tsa setso sa Maafrika. Ba hana ho apara diaparo tsa bofifi bakeng sa banna ba bona ba seng ba hlokahetse, jwalo ka ha moetlo wa Maafrika o hloka hore ho be jwalo. Ho ena le moo, ba fumana baratuwa ba batjha matsatsi a mmalwa kamora lefu la banna ba bona, ebe ba ba memela ho dula ka matlung a banna ba bona. Phuputso e bontsha hore na batho ba bang, ho kenyeletswa le bahlolohadi, ba ka susumetswa habonolo jwang ke ditso tsa batho ba bang. Ha ba hlomphe batswadi ba bona, bana le ba bohading; mme ha ba tsotelle boiketlo ba bana ba bona. Ha tjhelete e fedile, baratuwa ba batjha ba kgutlela malapeng a bona. Phuputso e tswela pele ho senola hore, kamora hore baratuwa ba batjha ba tsamaye, bahlolohadi ba hlokomela hore (baratuwa ba batjha) ba ne ba sa ba rate, empa ba ne ba le kamora thepa ya bona. Boteng ba baratuwa ba batjha bophelong ba bahlolohadi bo na le phello e mpe ho ditho tsa lelapa. Ka hona, kamano dipakeng tsa bahlolohadi le ba bohading, batswadi le bana e ya senyeha. Phuputso e phethelwa ka ho hlahisa dikgothaletso tse tla thusa bahlolohadi ho qoba hore baqhekelli ba ba utswetse thepa ya bona. Phuputso ena e bohlokwa haholo ho bana ba fetohang diphofu tsa maemo a tjena. / African Languages / M.A. (African Languages)

Ce projet analyse le mémoire hybride Mean de Myriam Gurba et la nouvelle « The Husband Stitch » de Carmen Maria Machado en se concentrant sur différentes itérations de monstruosité féminine dans des récits portant sur la culture du viol. Je démontre comment les corps féminins codés comme monstrueux deviennent le site d'un contre-discours qui perturbe et élargi les conceptions sociales qui sont faites de la violence sexuelle. Les écrits de Nathalie Wilson et Sara Ahmed informent la théorisation des monstres et de leurs rôles prescrits, tandis que les idées de corporéalité, embodiment, et abjection illuminent les possibilités représentatives du corps féminin et insistent sur ses capacités comme agent de changements culturels. Le premier chapitre examine la notion de corporéalité à travers différentes descriptions des traitements du corps féminin monstrueux. Les concepts d'embodiment et d'abjection signalent l'impact de la culture du viol sur le corps, considèrent tous les espaces comme potentiellement dangereux, et illustrent les similarités entre l'acte physique de viol et certaines techniques narratives. Le deuxième chapitre analyse la multiplicité de façons de régulariser le corps féminin monstrueux et de le subjuguer à des fins patriarcales. Par la juxtaposition délibérée de plusieurs moments clés à l'inclusion de cautionary tales subversifs, la nouvelle élabore une épistémologie radicalement politisée. Dans ce chapitre, l'abjection est perçue comme une technique expérimentale qui dérange la conception que le lecteur se fait de sa propre corporéalité et subjectivité. / This thesis analyzes Myriam Gurba's hybrid memoir Mean and Carmen Maria Machado's short story "The Husband Stitch" through a focus on different iterations of female monstrosity in narratives about rape culture. I demonstrate how female bodies coded as monstrous become the site of a counter-discourse that disrupts and enlarges the social conceptions of sexual violence. The writings of Nathalie Wilson and Sara Ahmed inform the theorization of monsters and their prescribed roles, while the ideas of corporeality, embodiment, and abjection engage the representative possibilities of the female body and insist on its possibilities as agent of cultural change. The first chapter examines the notion of corporeality through different descriptions of the treatment of the monstrous female body. The concepts of embodiment and abjection signal the impact of rape culture on the body, consider all spaces as potentially dangerous, and illustrate the similarities between the physical act of rape and certain narrative techniques. The second chapter analyzes the multiple ways of regularizing the monstrous female body and of subjugating it for patriarchal purposes. Through the deliberate juxtaposition of several key moments with the inclusion of subversive cautionary tales, the short story elaborates a radically politicized epistemology. In this chapter, abjection is understood as an experimental technique that disturbs the reader's conception of their own corporeality and subjectivity.

Christian Spirituality, Church History and Missiology / M. Th. (Missiology)

This study aimed at exploring the impact of emotional and physical abuse that a male partner experiences “at the hands” of his female partner within a marriage or cohabitating relationship. This is accomplished by giving each respondent a “voice” with which he shares his victimisation experiences. Each case is individually analysed and interpreted according to an integrated systems model of abuse of the male victim of domestic violence which forms the theoretical foundation for this study. Through a process of in-depth personal interviews with the participants, researcher was able to compile a qualitative study, using the purposive snow ball sampling method. This information was used in collaboration with supportive literature to assist researcher in gaining a deep understanding of this form of domestic violence. It is hoped that this study will contribute to further research initiatives with regards to the male victim of domestic violence in South Africa. It is also researcher’s aim to inform victimology students and the helping professions about male battering and the unique circumstances surrounding it. / Criminology / Thesis (D. Litt. et Phil. (Criminology)

Text in English / The transition from traditional to non-traditional marital roles was brought about by changes in the political, social and economic spheres. Within this transition, a new family arrangement has emerged in which traditional marital roles of breadwinning husband and care-giving, nurturer-wife are replaced by a breadwinning wife and a care-giving, nurturer-husband, the so-called stay-at-home husband. Various factors contributed and necessitated this change in marital roles, such as, but not limited to, the feminist movement, the economic recession, changes in legislation, retrenchments and so forth. However, making this transition is not easy. These couples, fulfilling non-traditional marital roles, are faced with stigmatisation and negative attitudes that make them want to conceal their marital roles from family, friends, the community and society as a whole. This state of affairs results in a situation where these couples stay in the closet and as consequence the topic is ill-researched and ripe for further investigation. Using a qualitative, phenomenological approach, this study explored and described the challenges, experiences and coping resources of couples fulfilling non-traditional marital roles in order to propose practice guidelines to support these couples from a social work perspective. A total of ten couples participated in the study. Independently, the working wives and stay-at-home husbands provided separate accounts of realities related to fulfilling the non-traditional marital roles within their respective marital relationships. Themes that emerged from the in-depth description of their experiences reflected the benefits accrued, the challenges experienced, their needs and coping resources. From the information provided suggestions were derived for social workers to assist couples in a similar working wife and stay-at-home husband marriage set-up to deal with situations encountered. In consulting extant literature, research on this phenomenon appeared to be totally neglected both internationally and nationally. Hence this study sought to address this lacuna by specifically investigating the situation in South Africa. It also appeared that existing research tended to focus on either the stay-at-home mother or the dual career family. Research on the experiences of stay-at-home husbands was thus severely lacking as were ways in which such couples in these roles could be supported. Therefore, making use of the ecological and role theory perspectives, attention is given to exposing their experiences, challenges and coping resources with a view to developing practice guidelines for helping social work practitioners to adequately support these couples practising non-traditional marital roles. / Social Work / Ph. D. (Social Work)