Task has been recognized as an influential factor in information seeking behavior. An increasing number of studies are concentrating on the specific characteristics of the task as independent variables to explain associated information-seeking activities. This paper examines the relationships between operational measures of information search behavior, subjectively perceived post-task difficulty and objective task complexity in the context of factual information-seeking tasks on the web. A questiondriven, web-based information-finding study was conducted in a controlled experimental setting. The study participants performed nine search tasks of varying complexity. Subjective task difficulty was found to be correlated with many measures that characterize the searcherâ s activities. Four of those measures, the number of the unique web pages visited, the time spent on each page, the degree of deviation from the optimal path and the degree of the navigation pathâ s linearity, were found to be good predictors of subjective task difficulty. Objective task complexity was found to affect the relative importance of those predictors and to affect subjective assessment of task difficulty.

Nowadays, weblogs or blogs are important tools for personal or workgroup websites publication. These tools give the necessary performances to create, edit, evaluate, publish and file digital contents, in the framework of a standarized workflow, and for managing the digital information life cycle. Nevertheless, these tools must be complemented with existence of technical funcionalities necessary to get a correct implantation and use. The aim of the work is to assess the way in which weblogs implement the technical solutions necessary to utilize correctly classification tools. The evaluation took into account let to extract a collection of conclusions of great interest to analize the state of art of the content classification tools integration and the weblogs management systems. As a general conclusion, it can be assured that the current generation of weblogs management systems do not offer all the desired performances for the classical classification tools, offering also a very heterogeneous scene.

This item is not the definitive copy. Please use the following citation when referencing this material: Richardson, J., Dillon, A., and McKnight, C. (1989) The effect of window size on reading and manipulating electronic text. In E. Megaw (ed.) Contemporary Ergonomics 1989. London:Taylor and Francis, 474-479. Abstract: With the advent of hypertext the presentation of electronic text is becoming an increasingly important issue. However, most research to date has focused on simplistic measures of reading speed or navigation in highly controlled presentation formats, often using very constrained texts and task scenarios. The present paper attempts a more meaningful analysis of the effect of window size on reader comprehension and manipulation of real-world texts. Reading a journal article for comprehension and a software manual for specific information are both investigated. Results indicate that screen size is not a major factor in performance on either task but readers express a strong preference for larger screens.

This paper revises different tools developed to manage digital information resources. First, it revises relations between information management and content management. Second, the paper analyses content management software componentes. Last, it proposes a practical classification of the tools.

Nowadays, there is a growing demand for personalization and the "one-size-fits-all" approach for hypermedia systems is no longer applicable. Adaptive hypermedia (AH) systems adapt their behavior to the needs of individual users. However due to the complexity of their authoring process and the different skills required from authors, only few of them have been proposed. These last years, numerous efforts have been put to propose assistance for authors to create their own AH. However, as explained in this thesis some problems remain.In this thesis, we tackle two particular problems. A first problem concerns the integration of authors' materials (information and user profile) into models of existing systems. Thus, allowing authors to directly reuse existing reasoning and execute it on their materials. We propose a semi-automatic merging/specialization process to integrate an author's model into a model of an existing system. Our objectives are twofold: to create a support for defining mappings between elements in a model of existing models and elements in the author's model and to help creating consistent and relevant models integrating the two models and taking into account the mappings between them.A second problem concerns the adaptation specification, which is famously the hardest part of the authoring process of adaptive web-based systems. We propose an EAP framework with three main contributions: a set of elementary adaptation patterns for the adaptive navigation, a typology organizing the proposed elementary adaptation patterns and a semi-automatic process to generate adaptation strategies based on the use and the combination of patterns. Our objectives are to define easily adaptation strategies at a high level by combining simple ones. Furthermore, we have studied the expressivity of some existing solutions allowing the specification of adaptation versus the EAP framework, discussing thus, based on this study, the pros and cons of various decisions in terms of the ideal way of defining an adaptation language. We propose a unified vision of adaptation and adaptation languages, based on the analysis of these solutions and our framework, as well as a study of the adaptation expressivity and the interoperability between them, resulting in an adaptation typology. The unified vision and adaptation typology are not limited to the solutions analysed, and can be used to compare and extend other approaches in the future. Besides these theoretical qualitative studies, this thesis also describes implementations and experimental evaluations of our contributions in an e-learning application.

This study aimed to develop a teaching and learning model, based on principles derived from the fields of constructivist theory, schema theory, critical literacy theory, and design theory, to inform the development of hypermedia-mediated learning environments that facilitate the construction of mathematical knowledge by secondary school students in Thailand. In this study, the participants were a group of three secondary school students from the Demonstration school attached to the Faculty of Education at Khon Kaen University (Thailand). In order to ascertain how mathematical learning could be facilitated by the process of designing a web page that could be used to introduce other students to analytic geometry, all three participants were asked to work collaboratively to design an analytic geometry web page. The process of designing the web page was informed by a theoretical model derived from an analysis and synthesis from the research literature on constructivist theory, schema theory, critical literacy theory, and design theory. Findings from the study indicated that the creation of a web page facilitated and enhanced the Thai students' learning about analytic geometry. The major outcomes from the study are a revised theoretical framework to inform the integration of the design of mathematical web pages into Thai mathematics classrooms and a conceptual map framework to assess qualitative and quantitative changes to students' repertoires of knowledge about analytic geometry that emerge during the process of designing a webpage.

O Ensino à distância (EaD) procura utilizar propostas pedagógicas para desenvolver sistemas inclusivos de ensino e aprendizagem. Estas propostas tem colaborado no sucesso que a EaD tem alcançado no meio empresarial corporativo. Neste meio, a demanda por cursos de formação técnica tem sido tão alta, que as empresas envolvidas no design instrucional de EaD criaram a noção de cursos à distância expressos, ou seja, cursos cuja a concepção e elaboração devem atender as tradicionais necessidades de rapidez do mercado de trabalho. Esta dissertação procura soluções para um tipo de ensino à distância ainda pouco explorado. O cenário que procuramos equacionar é o do ensino de ferramentas (softwares) para desenho vetorial, onde a metodologia de ensino é parte do processo de ensino corporativo. No processo atual de ensino de ferramentas de computação gráfica, o aluno submete ao professor, normalmente pela internet, o seu trabalho para que uma avaliação seja feita. Nesta dissertação sugerimos que este processo seja modificado de duas formas. Primeiro, no design instrucional para esta situação, trabalhamos constantemente a questão de avaliação não só na sua forma tradicional (atribuição de graus e valores) mas também como aperfeiçoamento do processo de ensino. A hipermídia adaptativa entra nesta proposta como facilitador da relação alunoprofessor-conhecimento, permitindo individualização de um ensino voltado para as massas. Em segundo lugar, propomos que a avaliação das tarefas sejam automatizada. O aluno oferece as partes (objetos) da solução que são avaliadas individualmente através de algoritmos computacionais. Isto permite uma menor participação do professor, o que é compatível com a proposta de cursos expressos. Para que isto seja possível a tarefa proposta pelo professor é dividida em objetos componentes, sendo o aluno estimulado a criar cada objeto segundo o modelo padrão oferecido. A comparaçào de cada objeto criado pelo aluno com o padrão a ser alcançado pode ser feita por diversos algoritmos computacionais existentes ou criados especificamente pelo autor do curso. Neste trabalho apresentamos exemplos desta abordagem e um protótipo que demonstra a viabilidade da proposta. / Distance learning aims to use eduacational approaches in order to develop comprehensive courses. These approaches are some of the reasons distance learning has been widely accepted by large corporations. The nowadays matket has a steady and constant demand for technical courses and skilled employees. This demand has been so high among corporations that they have coined the term Distance Learning Express Couses for courses developed in very short time, for short term necessities. This dissertation aims to offer possibilities for a less employed type of distance learning couse. The situation we intend to deal is the teaching of graphics computing tools. In the current status of such type of distance learning course, the student submits, normally by Internet, his or her pieces of work so an evaluation of his or her performance may be made. In this dissertation we propose to change this process in two ways. First we intend to use evaluation as a pivotal part of the educational process. Evaluation is no longer used only at the end of the tasks but during the teaching procedure as student feedback. Thats the reason we also employ Adaptive Hypermedia. It makes possible a more personalized teaching and student oriented guidance. Secondly, we also suggest that tasks evaluation may become automatic. The student offers the parts (objects) of the overall solution and these parts are evaluated individually by computing algorithms. This allows less teacher participation and less type spend on evaluation. In order to do so, the teacher has to divide the task in small components (objects) and to ask the student to deal with these components as models to be achieved. The comparison of the object created by the student with the model object maybe performed by several available computing algorithms or specifically designed algorithms by the author of the course. In this work we introduce an example of this approch and a prototype which shows the feasability of our proposition.

Um dos motivos para o crescente desenvolvimento da área de mineração de dados encontra-se no aumento da quantidade de documentos gerados e armazenados em formato digital, estruturados ou não. A Web contribui sobremaneira para este contexto e, de forma coerente com esta situação, observa-se o surgimento de técnicas específicas para utilização nesta área, como a mineração de estrutura, de conteúdo e de uso. Pode-se afirmar que esta crescente oferta de informação na Web cria o problema da sobrecarga cognitiva. A Hipermídia Adaptativa permite minorar este problema, com a adaptação de hiperdocumentos e hipermídia aos seus usuários segundo suas necessidades, preferências e objetivos. De forma resumida, esta adaptação é realizada relacionando-se informações sobre o domínio da aplicação com informações sobre o perfil de usuários. Um dos tópicos importantes de pesquisa em sistemas de Hipermídia Adaptativa encontra-se na geração e manutenção do perfil dos usuários. Dentre as abordagens conhecidas, existe um contínuo de opções, variando desde cadastros de informações preenchidos manualmente, entrevistas, até a aquisição automática de informações com acompanhamento do uso da Web. Outro ponto fundamental de pesquisa nesta área está ligado à construção das aplicações, sendo que recursos da Web Semântica, como ontologias de domínio ou anotações semânticas de conteúdo podem ser observados no desenvolvimento de sistemas de Hipermídia Adaptativa. Os principais motivos para tal podem ser associados com a inerente flexibilidade, capacidade de compartilhamento e possibilidades de extensão destes recursos. Este trabalho descreve uma arquitetura para a aquisição automática de perfis de classes de usuários, a partir da mineração do uso da Web e da aplicação de ontologias de domínio. O objetivo principal é a integração de informações semânticas, obtidas em uma ontologia de domínio descrevendo o site Web em questão, com as informações de acompanhamento do uso obtidas pela manipulação dos dados de sessões de usuários. Desta forma é possível identificar mais precisamente os interesses e necessidades de um usuário típico. Integra o trabalho a implementação de aplicação de Hipermídia Adaptativa a partir de conceitos de modelagem semântica de aplicações, com a utilização de recursos de serviços Web, para validação experimental da proposta. / One of the reasons for the increasing development observed in Data Mining area is the raising in the quantity of documents generated and stored in digital format, structured or not. The Web plays central role in this context and some specific techniques can be observed, as structure, content and usage mining. This increasing information offer in the Web brings the cognitive overload problem. The Adaptive Hypermedia permits a reduction of this problem, when the contents of selected documents are presented in accordance with the user needs, preferences and objectives. Briefly put, this adaptation is carried out on the basis of relationship between information concerning the application domain and information concerning the user profile. One of the important points in Adaptive Hypermedia systems research is to be found in the generation and maintenance of the user profiles. Some approaches seek to create the user profile from data obtained from registration, others incorporate the results of interviews, and some have the objective of automatic acquisition of information by following the usage. Another fundamental research point is related with the applications construction, where can be observed the use of Web semantic resources, such as semantic annotation and domain ontologies. This work describes the architecture for automatic user profile acquisition, using domain ontologies and Web usage mining. The main objective is the integration of usage data, obtained from user sessions, with semantic description, obtained from a domain ontology. This way it is possible to identify more precisely the interests and needs of a typical user. The implementation of an Adaptive Hypermedia application based on the concepts of semantic application modeling and the use of Web services resources that were integrated into the proposal permitted greater flexibility and experimentation possibilities.

Submitted by Liliane de Lucena Ito (lilianedelucena@gmail.com) on 2018-10-15T11:17:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_final_repositorio.pdf: 6224558 bytes, checksum: 4e9fcaea3e93aa2aa3bbce93bf53c143 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Lucilene Cordeiro da Silva Messias null (lubiblio@bauru.unesp.br) on 2018-10-15T13:44:50Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 ito_ll_dr_bauru.pdf: 6073688 bytes, checksum: cf0b980579bdf50dbffa534004117b93 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-15T13:44:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 ito_ll_dr_bauru.pdf: 6073688 bytes, checksum: cf0b980579bdf50dbffa534004117b93 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Inserida no contexto do jornalismo em sua etapa pós-industrial, a reportagem é um dos gêneros que se transforma quando publicada na web, apesar de visíveis permanências em relação aos suportes de publicação predecessores. Aqui, o enfoque se dá nas transformações. Estas ocorrem na esfera da mensagem em si, uma vez que hipertextualidade e convergência alteram significativamente a apresentação informativa, resultando na hipermídia, linguagem naturalmente ajustada ao meio Internet; bem como ocorrem no plano dos arranjos produtivos, em que novas configurações de equipes e rotinas diferenciadas de trabalho se revelam presentes, estando intrinsecamente relacionadas tanto ao cenário atual no qual se encontram as empresas de mídia quanto aos próprios imperativos da hipermídia. Aliado a isso, diante do variado ecossistema midiático contemporâneo, deve-se reiterar que as transformações também estão presentes na etapa de recepção das mensagens, levando, em alguns casos, à elaboração por parte de usuários participativos, pós-recepção, de críticas sobre a mídia. Estas, por sua vez, podem retornar à esfera da produção, provocando direcionamentos diversos; bem como influenciar a própria etapa da recepção de mensagens, algo que vai ao encontro da ideia de que vivemos, hoje, numa sociedade midiatizada. Assim, sob um olhar sistêmico e relacional, considera-se que a partir do objeto de pesquisa – a reportagem hipermídia – desvelam-se inter-relações até então inéditas entre emissor, mensagem, receptor e produções do receptor. A articulação entre Midiatização e a Ecologia dos Meios compõe a base teórica da tese. Para a etapa empírica, selecionou-se a série semanal de reportagens TAB, publicada pelo portal brasileiro UOL, no período que vai de outubro de 2014 até outubro de 2017. Cada esfera investigada exigiu o uso de diferentes ferramentas metodológicas, como a observação sistematizada (investigação sobre a mensagem), a entrevista em profundidade (para a obtenção de dados sobre o sistema emissor), e a análise de dispositivos de crítica midiática (investigação sobre o consumo e seus desdobramentos). O objetivo principal da tese é construir repertório teórico sobre a consolidação da reportagem hipermídia mediante a ótica da complexidade, a partir da articulação do objeto a fatores externos, de ordem macrossocial; bem como às inter-relações entre as diferentes etapas do ciclo da reportagem hipermídia (da produção às respostas sociais). Alguns dos principais resultados indicam que a valoração da inovação – em seu aspecto econômico e social – é essencial para o estabelecimento da reportagem hipermídia enquanto formato jornalístico. Este, entretanto, é comumente “fechado”, fazendo com que sejam necessárias estratégias de distribuição transmídia para ampliar a circulação do conteúdo das reportagens a mídias sociais, por exemplo. A análise das respostas sociais referentes a tais estratégias transmídia revelou, entretanto, deficiências notáveis no processo de recepção, uma vez que variados níveis de entendimento partilham espaços comuns de interação, configurando subsistemas de recepção transmídia distintos e, muitas vezes, díspares. / The report when inserted in the context of journalism in your post-industrial stage, is one of the genres that turns when published on the web, although visible permanence in relation to publication media predecessors. Here, the focus is on the transformations. These transformations occur in the sphere of the message itself, since hypertextuality and convergence significantly alter the informative presentation, resulting in hypermedia, language naturally adapted to the Internet environment; as well as they occur in the plan of productive arrangements, where new configurations of teams and differentiated work routines are present, being intrinsically related to both the current scenario in which the media companies and the hypermedia imperatives meet. Allied to this, in view of the varied contemporary media ecosystem, it must be reiterated that the transformations are also present in the stage of receiving the messages, leading, in some cases, to the elaboration by participatory users, post-reception, of criticism about the media. These criticism can return to the sphere of production, provoking diverse directions; as well as influencing the stage of the reception of messages, something that meets the idea that we live today in a mediatized society. Thus, under a systemic and relational view, it is considered that from the research object - the hypermedia report - uncovered interrelations previously unpublished between emitter, message, receiver and receiver productions. The articulation between Mediatization and Media Ecology composes the theoretical basis of the thesis. For the empirical stage, the weekly series of TAB reports, published by the brazilian portal UOL, was selected in the period from October 2014 until October 2017. Each sphere investigated required the use of different methodological tools, such as systematized observation (investigation of the message), the in-depth interview (to obtain data about the sending system), and the analysis of media critical devices (research on consumption and its developments). The main objective of the thesis is to construct a theoretical repertoire about the consolidation of the hypermedia report through the optics of complexity, from the articulation of the object to external factors, of macrossocial order; as well as the interrelationships between the different stages of the hypermedia reporting cycle (from production to social responses). Some of the main results indicate that the valuation of innovation - in its economic and social aspect - is essential for the establishment of hypermedia reports as a journalistic format. This, however, is commonly "closed", making transmedia strategies of distribution necessary to extend the circulation of the content of the reports to social media, for example. The analysis of social responses to such transmedia strategies has, however, revealed notable shortcomings in the reception process, since different levels of understanding share common spaces of interaction, configuring distinct and often disparate transmedia reception subsystem. / CAPES 001

[pt] O desenvolvimento acelerado das tecnologias da informação, especialmente através da expansão da Internet, vem criando um espaço de atuação ainda pouco explorado por designers. Esta dissertação aponta para algumas das possibilidades relacionadas à apresentação profissional dos designers na rede mundial, direcionando o olhar aos ciberfólios, sites que se caracterizam pela sua representação neste ambiente. Para tal, são estudados aspectos da comunicação no ciberespaço e o poder de alcance da nova mídia, investigando a interação dos profissionais inseridos no mercado de trabalho com os ciberfólios, seja como visitantes - potenciais clientes - ou autores. / [en] The fast-paced development of Information Technology, particularly through the expansion of the Internet, has created a new field of work which has not been yet fully explored by designers. This dissertation points out a few possibilities concerning how designers can introduce themselves on the web, focusing on cyberfolios, that is, sites which represent them in such environment. To accomplish that, aspects of communication in cyberspace and the reaching power of the new media have been taken into account, through the investigation of how professionals interact with cyberfolios, whether as visitors - potential customers - or authors.